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Gordon’s Personal View of Personal Computing:  before the PC Vintage Computer Society 27 September 1998  Gordon Bell [email_address] http://www.research.microsoft.com/~gbell
 
Apple II
First personal computer
Micral
In the beginning: Manchester “Baby” ran the first  program 22 June 1948
English Electric Deuce Console 1955
Whirlwind c1953 … 1st generation, 16-bit word; 4 KB memory; 8 K drum Whirlwind begot TX-O/TX-2 begot DEC PDP-1 Real time, first compiler, ECAD, text editor
Whirlwind console, drum, 1 Kw core
SAGE Control Room c 1962. Whirlwind used for first experiments.
SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Operator Console
TX-0 Console c1959… one of the first transistorized  personal  computers Speech, handwriting recognition, neuro data analysis, etc. Interactive editors, debuggers, etc.
MIT Speech group with TX-0, c1959.
DEC Computer before PDP-11 1957   1961  1963
DEC PDP-1 c1961
Wes Clark & LINC c1962: Personal computers for bio-medical research
PDP-5 c1964: PDP-8 predecessor Process control, real time experiments. Fortran ran in 4 K, 12 bit words
Gbell with LINC and PDP-8 c1965
PDP-8: first mini First OEM computer.  OS/8 (from timesharing) begot RT-11 begot CPM
PDP-8 Modules
PDP-8/E
PDP-8 and Linc Family Tree
PDP-8 12 bit word price (t)
PDP-8  prices (t)
Timesharing: given everyone their own, low cost, personal computer
PDP-6 c1965 : First commercial time shared computer. Gbell & Alan Kotok
PDP-6 Development team c1965
PDP-6/10/ DECsystem 10/20  family tree
There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.   ,[object Object]
Equating  yourself  to the average “user/buyer”  is risky . . .  unless you’re an average user.
Why didn’t Digital lead   personal computers? That’s another talk…
Minis and timesharing contributions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Gordon’s Personal View of Personal Computing: before the PC