Why Won't Your Subaru Key Come Out Of The Ignition Find Out Here!
Raf final cy
1. REVENUE ASSURANCE TRAINING
Revenue Assurance Foundations
)LYH'D HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP
RAF Five-Day
HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP
RAF101: Revenue Governance
Detailed Overview of RA – Background, rationalization, history,
and structure of GRAPA's approach to RA. Provides the foundation
for standard controls, RA lifecycle, revenue mapping, and noise.
RAF102: Network Foundations
Access, Service Delivery and AAA – Focuses on the underlying
infrastructure that makes any telecommunications system work.
How telecom services are delivered, how delivery is organized,
and how billing can occur with integrity.
RAF103: Billing Foundations
Assurance of Billing System/Billling Model – Learn different
billing systems (Traditional Postpaid, Classical Prepaid, Radius,
Diamter, Specialized, and Convergent Billing Systems). Learn
how to perform a complete mapping of the revenue stream.
RAF104: Partner Foundations
Partner Business Models/Risks – Assurance of partner-based
business models [Interconnect (CABS), roaming, content, VNO, Get Certified This Week!
and Outsourcing] and risk to the operational model. Learn the
standard GRAPA approach to these models. Join 500 other professionals!
RAF105: Profit Foundations
Margin Assurance/Market Assurance – Learn how to set up,
organize, and implement Margin Assurance and Market Assurance.
Margin Assurance focuses on the True Revenue earned from
/HDUQ +RZ WR 5HLQYHQW RXU 5HYHQXH $VVXUDQFH $FWLYLW
the sale of a service. Learn what Market Assurance is and how it ‡ 5HSULRULWL]H RXU HIIRUWV
delivers value.
‡ 5HGXFH FRVWV DQG LQFUHDVH LPSDFW
‡ 0DNH UHYHQXH DVVXUDQFH D PRUH PLVVLRQFULWLFDO IXQFWLRQ
‡ $GG PRUH YDOXH WR RXU RUJDQL]DWLRQ 12:
‡ KDQJH RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH UROH RI UHYHQXH DVVXUDQFH
LQ WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
Learn more about GRAPA at www.grapatel.com
For more information on training events, visit www.ra-academy.org
2. Table of Contents
Why RA Professionals are Attending our Workshops...................................................................................................................3
Courses Offered at this Event:
Revenue Assurance Foundations: Week at a Glance.....................................................................................................................4
Day 1 RAF101: Revenue Governance.............................................................................................................................5
Day 2 RAF102: Network Foundations.............................................................................................................................6
Day 3 RAF103: Billing Foundations................................................................................................................................7
Day 4 RAF104: Partner Foundations..............................................................................................................................8
Day 5 RAF105: Profit Foundations.................................................................................................................................9
The Revenue Assurance Academy Experience.............................................................................................................................10
About the Training / The Instructors...............................................................................................................................................11
Contact Us / Event Schedule...........................................................................................................................................................12
3. Why should you attend the RAA training events? It’s simple. The Revenue Assurance Academy provides
RA professionals with the best, most comprehensive, and most authoritative source of information about how
revenue assurance is actually practiced by carriers around the world. We do not waste your time with theoreti-
cal discussions or examples based on one person's limited experience at one or two locations.
Do NOT attend the RA Foundations training if:
RX DOUHDG NQRZ KRZ WR DVVXUH WKRVH GLIÀFXOW WR PDVWHU
“new technologies” like GPRS, 3G, WiMAX, FemtoCells and others
You are getting enough recognition for your hard work
You are sure that you are doing everything the best way possible.
You know how to communicate and partner effectively with network
engineers, I/T, operational managers, auditors, SOX and regulatory
compliance teams
Do NOT send your staff to the
RAF training event if: You know how to detect and prevent fraud
You are satisfied with the performance of your revenue
e You understand how to assure network, mediation, postpaid billing,
assurance team prepaid, interconnect, roaming, CAMEL, SMS, MMS
You believe that your team already knows everything
You are not interested in learning about the GRAPA standard
that is important about revenue assurance and how it is controls and benchmarks about assurance of these areas
practiced
You are not interested in having your team learn innovative
vative You are sure about how you are setting priorities
ways to cut the cost of assuring existing revenue streams
ams
You have the right KPIs and you are being measured on
You think that it is impossible to improve margins and
d delivery of the right things
maximize realized revenues (profit) through application of
on
financial analysis, controls and disciplines You don’t want to build a network of like-minded
professionals to learn from and share experiences with
You have given up on ever getting an understanding of, or
control over your marketing risks and costs You are not interested in learning new ways to save your
You do not want your team confused with information about company money and reducing the overall risk to revenues
more sophisticated and effective ways to get their work done
rk
You do not want your employees learning how to take the initiative
in finding and resolving risk to revenues
You are sure that your team is already doing everything possible to
maximize your revenue position
You do not want your revenue assurance staff to see how other RA
teams deliver value and focus their efforts
You do not want your team to be tested against the international
standard of knowledge and expertise
You do not want your team members to feel more confident and
competent
You do not want certification for your team members
3
7. 5$) ‡ Revenue Governance
Revenue Assurance Comes of Age
Learn GRAPA's new revenue governance standards for simplifying and standardizing RA
:K 'RHV 5HYHQXH $VVXUDQFH ([LVW Learn how the value and influence of RA is changing telcos all over the world!
Overview
This course is an introduction for the new Revenue Assurance Governance methodology and framework that is revolution-
izing the way telcos do business.
2QH RI WKH PRVW SUHVVLQJ TXHVWLRQV IRU DQ 5$ SURIHVVLRQDO LV :K DP , KHUH RU :KDW LV P UROH :H ZLOO FOHDU WKH FRQIX-
sion and give your job relevancy and structure. Discover how GRAPA is helping turn Revenue Assurance into one of the most
effective revenue-maximizing functions within the modern telco by providing revenue assurance managers with perspectives
DQG WHFKQLTXHV WKDW JHW WKHP IRFXVHG RQ UHDO KDUG UHYHQXH²DOORZLQJ WKHP WR RIIHU VLJQL¿FDQW DQG LPPHGLDWH YDOXH WR WKHLU
organization.
Telecommunications companies today are focused on the development and deployment of radical new technologies and
EXVLQHVV PRGHOV²WHFKQRORJLHV WKDW DUH UHVKDSLQJ KRZ WKH ZRUOG FRPPXQLFDWHV VKDUHV DQG ZRUNV²EXW WRR PDQ UHYHQXH
DVVXUDQFH PDQDJHUV VSHQG WKHLU WLPH ORRNLQJ EDFNZDUGV WULQJ WR ¿JXUH RXW KRZ WR GRXEOH DQG WULSOHFRXQW UHYHQXH
streams that are shrinking daily. The controls and approaches introduced in this course comprise the foundation of GRAPA's
systematic approach to revenue assurance.
Practical Applications: 2XU FRPPLWPHQW LV WKDW FDQGLGDWHV ZKR WDNH WKH WUDLQLQJ VHULRXVO SDUWLFLSDWH HQWKXVLDVWLFDOO
LQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG SDVV WKH FHUWL¿FDWLRQ H[DPV ZLOO
‡ Learn GRAPA's systematic, comprehensive, rationalized, and practical solutions-based approach to the
protection of telco revenue streams
‡ Learn the building blocks that can make it simple to protect telco revenues
‡ Understand why revenue assurance is crucial to the success of a telco
‡ Appreciate the difference between the GRAPA standards and the standards of other organizations like
70) ,,$ DQG 303
‡ Discover the world's most tested, implemented, practical, wow-I'm-actually-getting-work-done
approach to revenue assurance
‡ Learn to win the battle for budget, mindshare, and credibility
‡ Utilize case studies and examples of the core methods and standards of the revenue assurance function and
map them to their environment in order to assure they understand the practical applications
GRAPA Certification Credit
Key Concepts include:
RPSOHWLRQ RI WKLV FRXUVH RI VWXG YHUL¿HG E WHVWLQJ ZLOO HDUQ DWWHQGHHV
Competency Credit for the following areas in line with GRAPA’s “Body of The GRAPA Standards Approach
Knowledge” The Revenue Assurance Lifecycle
12 types of controls and how to apply them
; 7KH 5HDO720 7HOFR 2SHUDWLRQV 0RGHO
8. DQG 5$¶V UROH Revenue Mapping
; The Science of Revenue Assurance 5HYHQXH 2SWLPL]DWLRQ
; The Revenue Assurance Lifecycle 1RLVH $QDOVLV
; 3ULQFLSOHV RI 5HYHQXH $VVXUDQFH 2SHUDWLRQ Revenue Maximization
3ULQFLSOHV RI .3, 'HVLJQ DQG 'HSORPHQW
; Principles of Scope Management
GRAPA Standard Controls and Applications
; Principles of Revenue Realization (Margin, Market, New Products) GRAPA Benchmarks
; 3ULQFLSOHV RI 5HYHQXH 2SWLPL]DWLRQ (Leakage and Risk Containment) Revenue Assurance Body of Knowledge
; 5HYHQXH 5LVN 3ULRULWL]DWLRQ DQG $VVHVVPHQW 7HFKQLTXHV Revenue Assurance Standards
; Principles and Methods for Forensics Management *5$3$ HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP
; Principles and Methods of Controls Management The RA Governance Framework
; Principles and Methods of Corrections Management GRAPA Core Methodologies
; 5$ .3,V DQG RPSOLDQFH 0DQDJHPHQW
; Revenue Assurance Governance Framework
5
9. 5$) ‡ Network Foundations
Network is Easy–We'll Show You How
A simple guide to assuring any network, anytime, any place.
*60 :LUHOLQH '0$ '6/ DEOH :,0$; ,63 LUFXLW 6DWHOOLWH /7( 1*1 *356 DQG %URDGFDVW
$FFHVV 6HUYLFH 'HOLYHU 3URYLVLRQLQJ DQG 7ULSOH $
Overview
Stop the confusion and start assuring network! This course focuses on the underlying infrastructure that makes
any telecommunications service delivery environment function. We will introduce you to the concepts of access
architecture (the way customers gain access to the network) and service delivery architecture (the way services
DUH DFWXDOO GHOLYHUHG
14. 5$) ‡ Partner Foundations
Partner Protection Principles
A systematic framework for maximizing margins and minimizing exposures in partnerships
,QWHUFRQQHFW 5RDPLQJ RQWHQW 912 DQG 2XWVRXUFLQJ
Overview
This day is dedicated to the understanding and assurance of partner-based business models [interconnect
$%6
15. URDPLQJ FRQWHQW 912 DQG RXWVRXUFLQJ@ DQG WKH VSHFLDO DVVXUDQFH LVVXHV DQG UHYHQXH ULVNV DVVRFL-
ated with them.
Students will review and learn about the standard approach to these models. Coursework will include an
LQGHSWK UHYLHZ RI WKH HQWLUH UHYHQXH PDQDJHPHQW GRPDLQ IRU 9RLFH ,QWHUFRQQHFW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO DQG 'RPHV-
WLF
23. 9122XWVRXUFH 5HYHQXH 0DSSLQJ 'LVFLSOLQH Revenue streams, operations, business models, and margin
Boundary Analysis and Controls Design analysis
Deep Analysis and Controls Design Principles of Prepaid roaming assurance
6HWWOHPHQW IRU 9122XWVRXUFLQJ
8
24. 5$) ‡ 3UR¿W )RXQGDWLRQV
C-level Revenue Assurance
Using RA to accelerate profit and mitigate market risk
Margin Assurance and Market Assurance
Overview
The last day of RAF is designed to provide the student with a comprehensive understanding of
WHOFR SUR¿WDELOLW DQG PDUNHW SRVLWLRQLQJ DQG WKH FULWLFDO UROH WKDW LQQRYDWLYH UHYHQXH DVVXUDQFFH
departments are playing in the protection and enhancement of those revenue streams. Students
ZLOO OHDUQ KRZ WR VHW XS RUJDQL]H VHOO DQG LPSOHPHQW WKH WZR PDMRU WHOFR SUR¿W JXDUGLDQ GLVFLSOLQHV
margin assurance and market assurance.
Students will also learn about new product development and the methods utilized to increase the
chances of success and how to streamline and expedite the new product development process.
Practical Applications: Our commitment is that candidates who take the training seri-
ously, participate enthusiastically in activities, and pass the certification exams will:
Testimonial
‡ Learn how successful telecoms executives make strategic decisions to positively
impact the top line success of the telco, based on hard facts, data and GRAPA’s Prior to joining the RA Academy training, my
VFLHQWL¿F VVWHPDWLF DSSURDFK RA approach was not structured. I was doing
everything not in a standardize manner. Now,
‡ Gain D FOHDU ¿QDQFLDO SHUVSHFWLYH RQ WHOFR PDUJLQV SUR¿WDELOLW DQG KRZ RSHUDWLRQV l have a better risk mapping on how to handle
FDQ EH IRFXVHG RQ UHYHQXH KDUYHVWLQJ ZLWKRXW EHFRPLQJ D ¿QDQFH H[SHUW RA in my company. I shall adapt the GRAPA
standards with a systematic and holistic
‡ Participate LQ DQG LPSOHPHQW ¿QDQFLDO FRQWUROV RYHU QHZ SURGXFW GHYHORSPHQW approach to minimize risk to an optimal level.
promotions and deals in order to make them go faster and be more effective I now know that I have more responsibility to
deliver to the company and I shall add value
‡ Apply GRAPA’s standards and Domain Analysis Methodology to get control over based on my knowledge. I thank GRAPA for it.
churn, market, and brand risks Senior Manager
Fraud and Revenue Assurance, Malaysia
‡ Utilize case studies and examples of new product launches, promotions, and
bundles and map these cases to their environment in order to assure they
understand the practical applications.
GRAPA Certification Credit
Key Concepts include:
RPSOHWLRQ RI WKLV FRXUVH RI VWXG YHULÀHG E WHVWLQJ ZLOO HDUQ DWWHQGHHV
Competency Credit for the following areas in line with GRAPA’s “Body of
0DUJLQ $QDOVLV 7HFKQLTXHV
Knowledge”
Red vs Black Margins
; Margin controls structure, framework, and domains Actual vs Shadow Costs
; Asset margin assurance Standard Margin Forensics
; Rate margin assurance High Risk Margin Domains
Market Assurance
; Bundle margin assurance
Revenue Assurance for Churn
; Principles of subsidy and invisible margin program controls
Churn and Market Assurance Forensics and Controls
; Principles of market assurance XPXODWLYH (IIHFW RQWUROV
; Principles of margin assurance Targeting Controls
; %UDQG HTXLW DVVXUDQFH DQG FRQWUROV Asset Margin Assurance
; The new product development process /2% 0DUJLQ $VVXUDQFH
; 1HZ SURGXFW IDPLO PDQDJHPHQW Promotion Margin Assurance
; 3LSHOLQHJDWHZD PHWKRGRORJLHV Bundle Margin Assurance
; 3ULQFLSOHV RI :$5‹ :DOOHW 6KDUH $FTXLVLWLRQ 5HWHQWLRQ
26. ; 3ULQFLSOHV RI $VVHVVPHQW IRU XPXODWLYH (IIHFW DQG 0XOWL,QIOXHQFH (IIHFW
Forensics and Risk Assessment for Margin Assurance
; Forensics, Models and Risk Assessment for Churn
Controls and Remedies for Margin Risk
; Forensics, Models and Risk Assessment for Market Assurance
9
27. The Revenue Assurance Academy Experience
MORE THAN JUST TRAINING
The Revenue
Assurance Academy
EXPERIENCE!
In the Classroom Out of the Classroom
SOCIALIZING
CHALLENGING CONTENT
DISCUSSION
PA R T I C I PAT I O N
CONFIDENCE
BUILDING
NETWORKING
10
28. Why We are the Leaders in Training Telco Professionals Around the Globe
Maximizing Revenue Potential and Minimizing Risk to those Revenues with Proven Techniques and Strategies
The Instructors
Join the leading Revenue Assurance focused training events. Featuring exclusive
presentations, real-world examples of procedures, solutions, and strategies that have
HIIHFWLYHO UHGXFHG OHDNDJH DQG PD[LPL]HG SURÀWV IRU WHOFRV DURXQG WKH ZRUOG
After providing training to hundreds of revenue assurance professionals around the
globe, we are pleased to announce our improved course offering.
0DVWHUV HUWLÀFDWLRQ ± *5$3$¶V KLJKHVW DQG PRVW SUHVWLJLRXV FHUWL¿FDWLRQ WKDW LV DWWDLQHG
after completing a rigorous and exhaustive training program whose extensive curriculum
spans the broad and complex landscape of revenue assurance
Depth of knowledge – The topics and examples are “narrow and deep” rather than broad
and vague, presenting you with focused, highly targeted information that adds real value. Z D , world renowned
Tailored content – Training is adjusted to align the needs of the students to the available
PDWHULDO 6WXGHQWV DUH DVNHG WR ¿OO RXW ³*5$3$ %HQFKPDUN 6XUYHV´ WR GHWHUPLQH WKH OHYHO
DQG QDWXUH RI WKH WUDLQLQJ UHTXLUHG 7KH VXUYH UHVXOWV KHOS XV GHWHUPLQH KRZ ZHOO RX NQRZ
your own systems, and provide clues about what you need help with. The principles and Z
SUDFWLFHV WDXJKW DUH DOVR DSSOLHG WR FDEOH VDWHOOLWH ZLUHOHVV YRLFH 606 006 ,379 DQG ,
00'6 ZLWK HTXDO FRQYLFWLRQ GHWDLO DQG HIIHFWLYHQHVV 'Z W d Z
Relevancy – Class material is based on the foundations of GRAPA. GRAPA members from ^ ,
every geography, type of carrier, major type of technology, and carriers of all sizes review and d d Z
approve these standard approaches. The material serves as the foundation for an industry ,
standard approach that is applicable to everyone, and yet easily focused to the needs of Z D
VSHFL¿F VXEDXGLHQFHV
Based on real-world situations – The majority of the training is experience-based “standard
practices” in revenue assurance, harvested from the many revenue assurance professionals
who participate in “practices surveys,” “strategy sessions,” and other information-sharing
HYHQWV OHDU VSHFL¿F GHOLYHUDEOHV DUH SURYLGHG WKDW DSSO WR UHDOZRUOG VLWXDWLRQV 7KH
material is never based on speculation, guesses, or unvalidated information.
Interactive – The workshops are more than lecture sessions. RAA classes are participative
and interactive and students are expected to proactively join in discussions, problem solve,
DQG ¿OO RXW EHQFKPDUNV $WWHQGHHV KDYH RSSRUWXQLW IRU PXFK LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK WKH LQVWUXFWRU
and other students. Lunch and breaks are devised to facilitate more intimate conversation.
Professional development – Students master vocabulary needed for creating a sense
of professional identity and opportunities with other like-minded people in the industry that
share common goals and issues.
,
GRAPA's Newest Instructor Z
W E 'Z W Z
,
Z W D
d ^
^ Z
^
11
29. Contact Us
Tel +1- 847-930- 3610
Fax +1- 707-276-7676
www.grapatel.com
Email info@grapatel.com www.ra-academy.org
2011 Schedule:
21 Feb - 4 Mar London, UK
03-14 Apr Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt
For the most up-to-date list of upcoming events
16-27 May Cape Town, South Africa
13-17 Jun Chicago, USA please visit our website:
04-08 Jul Islamabad, Pakistan www.ra-academy.org/revenue_assurance_train-
08-12 Aug Sydney, Australia
22-26 Aug Shanghai, China ing/upcoming_events.html
12-23 Sep Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
10-21 Oct Barcelona, Spain
2FW 1RY 'XEDL 8$(
07-11 Nov Nairobi, Kenya
05-16 Dec Orlando, USA
We schedule courses and venues based on demand, so please be sure to tell us if you are interested in a particular class and location. We only move
forward with our planning if there is enough interest. To make these trainings happen we need commitment from a minimum number of delegates.
3OHDVH UHIHU WR RXU ZHEVLWH IRU VSHFL¿F SROLFLHV
Telco executives rave about the courses….
The Revenue Assurance core curriculum course has been one of the best courses I have ever attended. The ability of the
WUDLQHU WR SUHVHQW KLJKO WHFKQLFDO DQG FRPSOH[ VXEMHFWV WR SUDFWLFDO DQG HDV WR XVH FRQFHSWV ZDV MXVW DPD]LQJ , ZLOO GH¿QLWHO
apply what I have learned in the course in my work.
Revenue Assurance Manager, The Netherlands
Rob really knows his stuff and is very passionate about it. If you really want to get a wider perspective of what revenue assur-
ance is really about, then he's the man to go to! The course is intense and extensive but nonetheless highly enjoyable. I would
highly recommend the course equally to those with both a technical or non technical interest in the subject.
Manager, Dubai
About us:
The Revenue Assurance Academy (RAA) is the exclusive training organization of GRAPA. GRAPA has over 5000 registered members and has
distributed more than 3500 copies of its 2009 standards book. The Revenue Assurance Foundations (RAF) core curriculum is the Academy's
latest curriculum offering, providing revolutionary, relevant material. By offering events that combine benchmark development, sharing of standard
SUDFWLFHV DQG DSSURDFKHV DV ZHOO DV GHOLYHU RI ZRUNVKRSV WKH 5HYHQXH $VVXUDQFH $FDGHP SURYLGHV D XQLTXH DQG SRZHUIXO YHQXH IRU GHSORPHQW
of standard practices and rapid integration of those practices into the participating telco environments.
:H KDYH FRQGXFWHG RXU WUDLQLQJ SURJUDPV IRU GR]HQV RI FDUULHUV DQG VHUYLFHV SURYLGHUV DURXQG WKH ZRUOG 2XU ZRUNVKRSV DUH RIIHUHG LQ SXEOLF
venues (attended by delegates from many operators and services providers, which promotes the sharing of practices) as well as onsite for a private,
more personalized and focused training for a company’s staff.
Some of what makes our training so unique:
1. Based entirely on the GRAPA standards of professional revenue assurance practices
2. Taught by Rob Mattison, the world’s leading authority on the practice of revenue assurance in telecommunications, winner of many awards for his
work in this area, author of The Revenue Assurance Standards--2009, The Revenue Assurance Handbook, and dozens of whitepapers.
3. Focused heavily on practical experience, not theory
Visit our website to read some great reviews from students who have attended our training: ZZZUDDFDGHPRUJ5$$BLQIRWHVWLPRQLDOVKWPO
12
![REVENUE ASSURANCE TRAINING
Revenue Assurance Foundations
)LYH'D HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP
RAF Five-Day
HUWL¿FDWLRQ 3URJUDP
RAF101: Revenue Governance
Detailed Overview of RA – Background, rationalization, history,
and structure of GRAPA's approach to RA. Provides the foundation
for standard controls, RA lifecycle, revenue mapping, and noise.
RAF102: Network Foundations
Access, Service Delivery and AAA – Focuses on the underlying
infrastructure that makes any telecommunications system work.
How telecom services are delivered, how delivery is organized,
and how billing can occur with integrity.
RAF103: Billing Foundations
Assurance of Billing System/Billling Model – Learn different
billing systems (Traditional Postpaid, Classical Prepaid, Radius,
Diamter, Specialized, and Convergent Billing Systems). Learn
how to perform a complete mapping of the revenue stream.
RAF104: Partner Foundations
Partner Business Models/Risks – Assurance of partner-based
business models [Interconnect (CABS), roaming, content, VNO, Get Certified This Week!
and Outsourcing] and risk to the operational model. Learn the
standard GRAPA approach to these models. Join 500 other professionals!
RAF105: Profit Foundations
Margin Assurance/Market Assurance – Learn how to set up,
organize, and implement Margin Assurance and Market Assurance.
Margin Assurance focuses on the True Revenue earned from
/HDUQ +RZ WR 5HLQYHQW RXU 5HYHQXH $VVXUDQFH $FWLYLW
the sale of a service. Learn what Market Assurance is and how it ‡ 5HSULRULWL]H RXU HIIRUWV
delivers value.
‡ 5HGXFH FRVWV DQG LQFUHDVH LPSDFW
‡ 0DNH UHYHQXH DVVXUDQFH D PRUH PLVVLRQFULWLFDO IXQFWLRQ
‡ $GG PRUH YDOXH WR RXU RUJDQL]DWLRQ 12:
‡ KDQJH RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH UROH RI UHYHQXH DVVXUDQFH
LQ WHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
Learn more about GRAPA at www.grapatel.com
For more information on training events, visit www.ra-academy.org](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/raffinalcy-110127123040-phpapp02/85/Raf-final-cy-1-320.jpg)
