The contents include introduction to mobile commerce, factors for M-commerce development, benefits and limitations of m-commerce, M-commerce applications, m-commerce communication technologies, WAP-Wireless Application Protocol, Challenges and Limitations of M-commerce etc

1. Introduction to
Mobile Commerce
Mr. Roshan Bhattarai
Kathmandu, Nepal

2. M-Commerce
Definitions
• Mobile commerce is the buying and selling of goods ,
services or information on the internet through wireless
hand-held devices such as mobile phones, personal digital
assistants (PDAs) etc
• Mobile e-commerce is defined as all activities related to a
commercial transaction conducted through
communications networks that interface with wireless (or
mobile) devices

3. Definition contd..
• Mobile commerce is any type of transaction of an
economic value having at least a mobile terminal at one
end and thus using the mobile telecommunications
network
• M-commerce refers to the ability to browse, interact
with and make payment for goods and services directly
from mobile terminals such as cell phones, PDAs and
portable computers

4. Factors for M-Commerce development
• Development of handheld devices incorporating WAP
(Wireless Application Protocols) and GPRS (General
Packet Radio Service)
• Development of 2.5 G/3G/4G (high speed internet
network) enabled mobile devices
• Exponential growth of mobile users
• Changing consumer behavior pattern and expectation

5. Benefits of M-commerce
• Anywhere, anytime
• Remote services like payments, information retrieval,
banking etc.
• Integration with existing infrastructure
• Portability, Reach ability, Accessibility, Instant
Connectivity
• Personalization and Localization

6. Limitations of M-commerce
• Smaller screen size
• Limited storage capacity
• Insufficient bandwidth
• Wireless Application Protocols limitations like speed,
cost, accessibility etc.

7. Comparison of E-commerce and M-commerce
Particulars E-commerce M-commerce
Communication
mode
Wired networks Wireless networks
Location Fixed Anytime, anywhere
Internet access
devices
Wired desktops and
Laptops
Wireless devices like Cellular
phones, PDAs etc.
Cost of
operation
Usually low Usually high
Operating
System
Windows, Linux, Unix
etc
Android, Plam OS, Pocket PC etc
Presentation
Standards
HTML (Hyper Text
Markup Language)
WML(Wireless Markup Language)
HDML (Handheld Device Markup
Language)
Bearer network
technology
TCP/IP GSM, GPRS, CDMA, FDMA,
TDMA etc

9. Mobile Commerce Technology
• Mobile commerce is enabled by a combination of
technologies such as networking, embedded systems,
databases, and security
• Mobile hardware, software, and wireless networks
enable mobile commerce systems to
– transmit data more quickly,
– locate users' positions more accurately, and
– conduct business with better security and reliability
• Here, we introduce the key technologies that make
mobile commerce a reality and that will improve its
performance and functionality in the near future

10. M-Commerce Communication
Technologies
• 1st Generation: Analog Cellular
• 2nd Generation: GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)
• 2.5 Generation: GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment)
• 3rd Generation: UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunication Service)
• 4th Generation: LTE (Long Term Evolution)
• 5th Generation: 5G NR(New Radio),
5G NG (NextGen Network)

11. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• WAP was invented and is driven by WAP Forum- a group
originally formed by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola and
Phone.com in 1997
• open and global standard for mobile solutions, designed
specifically to deliver Web information to mobile terminals
• attempts to connect mobile terminals to the Internet
• makes mobile terminals become communication devices
capable of communicating with other devices over a wireless
network
• permits the design of interactive and real-time mobile
services.

12. WAP Operation

13. Challenges/Concerns of M-commerce
• Mobile Devices Limitations
– small screen,
– low display resolution,
– limited computational power, memory and disk capacity,
battery life, and surf ability
• User Distrust
– Inherent vulnerability of the mobile environment, users in
mobile commerce are more concerned about security issues
involved with mobile transactions compared with the wired
counterpart
• Bandwidth Access
– Comparatively low bandwidth access

14. • Investment Risk
– How can organizations obtain a payoff from their investment
in wireless technology? Understanding the costs and
benefits of mobile commerce is difficult.
• Seamless Integration
– The integration between network operators and businesses
is a key issue for mobile commerce
• Legal Concerns
– how to maintain privacy,
– how to protect intellectual property, and
– how to treat Internet taxation