It's not rocket surgery - Linked In: ALA 2011

It’s Not Rocket-Surgery
A brief introduction to linked library data

Ross Singer
ross.singer@talis.com

Tim Berners-Lee
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/card#i
http://viaf.org/viaf/85312226/
LCCN: no 99010609

Four Rules
• Use URIs as names for things
• Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up
those names.
• When someone looks up a URI, provide
useful information, using the standards
(RDF, SPARQL)
• Include links to other URIs. so that they can
discover more things.
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

http://semantic.ckan.net/group/?group=http://ckan.net/group/lld

RDF is a data model
not a serialization

Triple

• Subject (the referent)
• Predicate (a property)
• Object (the value)

Triple

• Subject (URI)
• Predicate (URI)
• Object (URI or Literal)

URIs

• Unambiguous Identiﬁers
• If two resources have the same URI, they
must be referring to the same thing
• Dereferenceable
• “Follow your nose”

Graph

• The collection of statements (triples)
• Shows the connections between things
• We understand the connections, because
the predicates have unambiguous meaning
• Follow your nose and expand the graph

Schemas/Vocabularies
• No real similarity to XML Schema
• Common source of confusion (e.g. Dublin Core)

• No “validation”, per se
• constraints only apply for properties and
classes, not resources
• Unless the statements contradict each other

• Mix and match vocabularies to ﬁll out the
description across domains

• Dublin Core
• Bibliontology
• FOAF
• SKOS
• Good Relations
• Music Ontology, etc.

Open World
Assumption
• Cannot assume that any source has all of
the facts about a resource
• Reuse of identiﬁers allows the
augmentation of datasets
• There is no “document”, because it’s always
a work in progress

http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/grow/default.aspx

http://musicbrainz.org/statistics

http://openlibrary.org/recentchanges#all

http://www.mendeley.com/research/13000year-paleolimnological-record-uinta-mountains-utah-inferred-diatoms-lossonignition-analysis/

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0100519/

http://www.freebase.com/view/en/greece

http://www.geonames.org/4655156/saint-elmo.html

Disclaimers
• There are currently no standards in actual
use
• This is not an attempt to “catalog”, merely
to model existing data
• And a sketchy one at that
• No desire to roundtrip, etc.
• Just make something that links our data and
allows it to be consumed by others

Step 1
Identify the discrete resources

Let’s assume this is the
“referent”

But let’s ignore most of
that for now

<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626>

Bibliontology (BIBO)
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/

@preﬁx rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@preﬁx bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .

a bibo:Book .


a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393”, “1403469466” .

Dublin Core
http://purl.org/dc/terms/

@preﬁx dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .

a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393”, “1403469466” ;
dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ;
dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” .


a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ;
dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> .

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix rdaGr2: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdaEnt: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/
>.

<http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342>
rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1949-01-15" ;
a rdaEnt:Person, foaf:Person ;
owl:sameAs <http://d-nb.info/gnd/12626242X> ;
foaf:name "Raum, Betty", "Raum, Elizabeth", "Raum, Elizabeth A.
(1949- ).", "Raum, Elizabeth." .

VIAF

• SRU interface
• LCCNs in VIAF record


a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ;
dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http://
id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http://
id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/
viaf/158349825> .

@preﬁx rdaGr2: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/> .
>.

rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1930" ;
a rdaEnt:Person, foaf:Person ;
owl:sameAs <http://d-nb.info/gnd/107714566>, <http://
dbpedia.org/resource/Buzz_Aldrin> ;
foaf:name "Aldrin, Buzz", "Aldrin, Buzz 1930-....", "Aldrin, Buzz,
1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin E.", "Aldrin, Edwin E., 1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin
Eugen, 1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene 1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene
1930-....", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene junior 1930-" .

@preﬁx skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .

<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept>
dcterms:created "2007-09-26T00:00:00-04:00"^^<http://
www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> ;
dcterms:modiﬁed "2007-10-26T07:54:12-04:00"^^<http://
dcterms:source "Work cat.: Eileen Collins, c2006"@en ;
a skos:Concept ;
owl:sameAs <info:lc/authorities/sh2007100949> ;
skos:inScheme <http://id.loc.gov/authorities#conceptScheme>,
<http://id.loc.gov/authorities#topicalTerms> ;
skos:prefLabel "Astronauts--United States--Biography--Juvenile
literature"@en .


<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept>
dcterms:created "2008-03-11T00:00:00-04:00"^^<http://
dcterms:modiﬁed "2008-03-12T08:08:09-04:00"^^<http://
dcterms:source "Work cat.: How to build a rocket, 2001"@en ;
a skos:Concept ;
owl:sameAs <info:lc/authorities/sh2008112104> ;
skos:inScheme <http://id.loc.gov/authorities#conceptScheme>,
<http://id.loc.gov/authorities#topicalTerms> ;
skos:prefLabel "Space ﬂight to the moon--Juvenile literature"@en .

id.loc.gov
• Label lookup service
• http://id.loc.gov/authorities/label/
Astronauts--United%20States--
Biography--Juvenile%20Literature
redirects to http://id.loc.gov/authorities/
sh2007100949#concept
• Full data dumps available

>.

a rdaEnt:CorporateBody, foaf:Organization ;
foaf:name "Apollo Project (Spojené státy americké)", "Apollo
Project (U.S.)", "Progetto Apollo (U.S.)", "Project Apollo", "Project
Apollo (Spojené státy americké)", "Project Apollo (U.S.)", "Spojené
státy americké. Project Apollo", "United States. Project Apollo" .

Sidenote:
Concepts vs. Resources

RDA Elements
http://RDVocab.info/Elements/

@preﬁx rda: <http://RDVocab.info/Elements/> .

a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
viaf/158349825> ;
rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/
countries/ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” .


<http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/ilu#location>
dcterms:isPartOf <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/
regions/2#location> ;
a <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing> ;
owl:sameAs <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/n-us-
il#location>, <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/>, <info:lc/
vocabulary/countries/ilu> ;
skos:notation "ilu" ;
skos:prefLabel "Illinois"@en .

@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix wgs84_pos: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .

<http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/>
gn:alternateName "Estado de Illinois"@es, "State of Illinois"@en, "Иллинойс"@ru ;
gn:childrenFeatures <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/contains.rdf> ;
gn:countryCode "US" ;
gn:featureClass gn:A ;
gn:featureCode <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#A.ADM1> ;
gn:locationMap <http://www.geonames.org/4896861/illinois.html> ;
gn:name "Illinois" ;
gn:officialName "Illinois", "Illinois"@en, "Illinois"@es ;
gn:parentADM1 <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/> ;
gn:parentCountry <http://sws.geonames.org/6252001/> ;
gn:parentFeature <http://sws.geonames.org/6252001/> ;
gn:population "12772888" ;
a gn:Feature ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/about.rdf" ;
wgs84_pos:alt "191" ;
wgs84_pos:lat "40.00032" ;
wgs84_pos:long "-89.25037" .

Linked MARC Codes
• URIs are based on the code, so no lookups
are necessary
• GACs, Countries, Languages, Musical
Genres, Instrument & Voices, Audience,
Frequency, and Form of Item
• “Ofﬁcial” resources available at id.loc.gov
for Languages, GACs and Countries
• as SKOS:Concepts

RDA Elements
• Useful for properties that are speciﬁc to
library data (statementOfResponsibility,
etc.)
• Metric crap-tonne of properties
• 459, to be exact
• very few deﬁned domains or ranges
• lots of duplication from other vocabs
(NIH)

a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
viaf/158349825> ;
rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/
countries/ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ;
dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/
eng#language> .

@preﬁx umbel: <http://umbel.org/umbel#> .

<http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/eng#lang>
umbel:isAbout <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/
sh85043413#concept> ;
a <http://www.lingvoj.org/ontology#Lingvo> ;
owl:sameAs <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng>, <http://
www.lingvoj.org/lang/en>, <info:lc/vocabulary/languages/eng> ;
skos:notation "eng" ;
skos:prefLabel "English"@en .

OWL
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#

owl:sameAs
The nuclear option of the semantic web

owl:sameAs
(taken literally)

• Infers that the subject and the object are
exactly the same thing
• All properties and values appearing on one
resource automatically apply to the other

a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http://id.loc.gov/
authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/
sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/viaf/158349825> ;
rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/
ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ;
eng#language> ;
owl:sameAs <http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>, <http://
purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i> .

<http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>
rdvocab:note "Includes bibliographical references and index." ;
rdvocab:placeOfPublication "Chicago, Ill" ;
dc:subject "Aldrin, Buzz -- Juvenile literature.", "Astronauts -- United States -- Biography -- Juvenile
literature.", "Project Apollo (U.S.) -- Juvenile literature.", "Space flight to the moon -- Juvenile
literature." ;
dcterms:extent "p. cm." ;
dcterms:identifier "/books/OL3394932M" ;
dcterms:issued "2005" ;
dcterms:language "eng" ;
dcterms:modified "2010-08-10 08:10:33.620330" ;
dcterms:publisher "Heinemann Library" ;
dcterms:subject [
dcam:memberOf dcterms:DDC ;
rdf:value "629.45/0092"
], [
dcam:memberOf dcterms:DDC ;
rdf:value "B"
], [
dcam:memberOf dcterms:LCC ;
rdf:value "TL789.85.A4 R38 2005"
];
dcterms:title "Buzz Aldrin" ;
bibo:authorList (<http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1425365A>
);
bibo:isbn10 "1403469393", "1403469466" ;
bibo:lccn "2005006249" .

<http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>
j.4:note "Includes bibliographical references and index." ;
j.4:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/ilu#location>, "Chicago, Ill" ;
j.4:statementOfResponsibility "Elizabeth Raum." ;
j.4:titleProper "Buzz Aldrin" ;
j.0:commonManifestation <http://openlibrary.org/works/OL5817590W> ;
dc:publisher "Heinemann Library" ;
dc:subject "Aldrin, Buzz -- Juvenile literature.", "Astronauts -- United States -- Biography -- Juvenile literature.",
"Project Apollo (U.S.) -- Juvenile literature.", "Space ﬂight to the moon -- Juvenile literature." ;
j.3:creator <http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1425365A> ;
j.3:extent "p. cm." ;
j.3:isVersionOf <http://openlibrary.org/works/OL5817590W> ;
j.3:issued "2005" ;
j.3:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/eng#lang> ;
j.3:subject <http://api.talis.com/stores/openlibrary/items/ddc/629450092#class>, <http://api.talis.com/stores/
openlibrary/items/ddc/b#class>, <http://api.talis.com/stores/openlibrary/items/lcc/tl78985a4_r38_2005#class> ;
j.3:title "Buzz Aldrin" ;
j.3:type "Biography", "Juvenile literature" ;
j.1:isbn10 "1403469393", "1403469466" ;
j.1:isbn13 "9781403469397", "9781403469465" ;
j.1:lccn "2005006249" ;
j.1:uri <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip059/2005006249.html> ;
a <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Book> ;
owl:sameAs <http://purl.org/NET/book/isbn/1403469393#book>, <http://purl.org/NET/book/isbn/
1403469466#book>, <http://purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i>, <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/
books/1403469393>, <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/1403469466> ;
j.2:depiction <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-L.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-
M.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-S.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-L.jpg>,
<http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-M.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-S.jpg> .

Entailed Work/Set
Groupings

Implied FRBR
http://open.vocab.org/terms/commonManifestation
http://open.vocab.org/terms/commonExpression
http://open.vocab.org/terms/commonWork

a bibo:Book ;
bibo:lccn “2005006249” ;
bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ;
dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http://id.loc.gov/
authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/
sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/viaf/158349825> ;
rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/
ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ;
eng#language> ;
owl:sameAs <http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>, <http://
purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i> ;
rda:coverageOfTheContent <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/
n-us#location>, <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/zmo> .


dcterms:isPartOf <http://lib.example.org/collection/
series/American-lives> .

<http://lib.example.org/collection/series/American-lives>
a bibo:Series ;
dcterms:title “American lives” ;
dcterms:hasPart <http://lib.example.org/collection/
13889626> .

It looks different than
we’re used to

But it’s not rocket
surgery.

Thanks!
Ross Singer
ross.singer@talis.com

It's not rocket surgery - Linked In: ALA 2011

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