1. Learning Outcomes (Paediatrics for training MQE students)
A child presenting with developmental Delay
Learning Outcomes
Describe the factors influencing normal development
Enumerate the causes of developmental delay
Describe developmental screening by history taking and physical examination
Describe the differentiating points of cerebral palsy, Down’s syndrome and cretinism
in history and physical finding
Describe and interpret the investigations to be performed to get to the diagnosis of
each condition
Discuss the management of cerebral palsy, Down’s syndrome and cretinism according
to the Malaysia protocol
A child presenting with convulsions
Learning Outcomes
Define convulsions
Briefly describe the pathophysiology of convulsions
Describe causes of convulsions in children (Afebrile and febrile)
Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with fever and
convulsions
Discuss the investigations and their findings in common conditions causing fever with
convulsions (febrile convulsions, acute pyogenic meningitis, TB meningitis, cerebral
malaria)
Discuss the detailed management of febrile convulsions, acute pyogenic meningitis,
TB meningitis
Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with afebrile convulsions
(Epilepsy)
Describe the management of epilepsy according to Malaysia protocol

2. A bleeding child
Learning Outcomes
Describe the normal mechanism of haemostasis
List the causes based on the changes in haemostatic mechanism
Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with bruises to arrive at
the diagnosis
Recognise the differentiation points (clinical features, investigation findings) of ITP,
aplastic anaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and haemophillia
Describe the management of ITP, aplastic anaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
and haemophillia
A child presenting with anaemia
Learning Outcomes
Define anaemia
Briefly describe the pathogenesis of anaemia
List the causes based on pathophysiology
Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with anaemia to arrive at
the diagnosis of common causes of anaemia in children
Describe investigations needed and their findings in common causes of anaemia in
children
Discuss the detailed management of thalassaemia
A child presenting with oedema
Learning Outcomes
Discuss the pathophysiology of oedema
Enumerate the causes of oedema based on pathophysiology
Describe history taking and physical examination on a child with oedema
Describe the differentiating points in history, physical findings and investigation
findings of acute glomerulonephrtitis and nephrotic syndrome
Describe the detailed management of acute glomerulonephritis
Describe the detailed management of nephrotic syndrome

3. A child presenting with failure to thrive
Learning Outcomes
Define failure to thrive
Describe the factors influencing growth of a child
Enumerate the (common) causes of failure to thrive according to the influencing
factors
Describe the history taking, physical examination and investigation of a child with
failure to thrive
Acute Gastroenteritis
Learning Outcomes
Define and classify diarrhoea
Describe history taking, physical examination and assessment of dehydration
Describe the complications of diarrhoea
Describe the investigations and interpretation of results
Describe management (Plan A,B,C)
A dyspnoeic child
Learning Outcomes
Briefly describe the pathophysiology of dyspnoea
Enumerate the causes of dyspnoea based on pathophysiology
Describe history taking and physical examination to arrive at the diagnosis of common
respiratory and cardiac causes
Describe the management of heart failure
Describe the management of ventricular septal defect, patent ductusarteriosus, TOF
Describe the management of rheumatic vulvular heart diseases
A child presenting with cough an difficult breathing
Learning Outcomes
Describe the causes of cough and difficult breathing in a child
Describe the history taking and physical examination to arrive at the diagnosis of
common causes of cough with difficult breathing

4. Describe the investigations and their findings in common diseases causing cough with
difficult breathing
Describe the management of pneumonia and bronchiolitis according to the Malaysia
protocol
A child with recurrent wheeze
Learning Outcomes
Enumerate the causes of recurrent wheezing in children based on pathogenesis
Describe history taking and physical examination to differentiate the common causes
of recurrent wheezing
Describe history taking and physical examination and investigation in a child with
asthma
Describe the detailed management of asthma according to Malaysia protocol
DHF/DSS
Learning Outcomes
Explain the pathophysiology of dengue shock syndrome
Describe the diagnosis (clinical features, investigations) of DHF/DSS
Describe the management of DHF/dengue shock syndrome
A child presenting with jaundice
Learning Outcomes
Briefly describe the pathophysiology of jaundice in children
Enumerate the causes of jaundice based on pahthophysiology
Describe history taking and physical examination of a child with jaundice to arrive at
the diagnosis of common diseases
State the investigations and findings of common causes of jaundice
Describe the detailed management of viral hepatitis

5. A child presenting with fever with rash
Learning Outcomes
Describe the causes of fever with rash
Identify the types of rashes
Describe history taking and physical examination to arrive at the diagnosis of Measles,
Chickenpox, Rubella and Kawasaki’s disease
Describe the investigations and their findings in Measles, Chickenpox, Rubella and
Kawasaki’s disease to confirm diagnosis
Describe the management of Measles Chickenpox and Kawasaki’s disease
A neonate presenting with respiratory distress
Learning Outcomes
Define respiratory distress in newborns
Briefly describe the pathogenesis of respiratory distress in newborns
Describe the causes of respiratory distress in newborns
Describe the diagnosis of common causes of respiratory distress in newborns
Discuss the investigations and their findings in common conditions causing respiratory
distress
Prolonged neonatal jaundice
Learning Outcomes
Define prolonged jaundice
Classify prolonged jaundice
Enumerate the causes based on classification
Discuss differential diagnosis
Neonatal jaundice
Learning Outcomes
Describe the bilirubin metabolism
Discuss the pathophysioly of neonatal jaundice
List the causes of jaundice based on pathophysiology
Describe history taking and physical examination to arrive at the diagnosis of common
conditions causing neonatal jaundice

6. State the investigations and their findings in common conditions causing neonatal
jaundice
Describe the management of neonatal jaundice
Infants of diabetic mother
Learning Outcomes
Define infants of diabetic mother
Describe the features of IDA
Describe the complications of IDA