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1. Cold War
1945-1992
U.S. HistoryU.S. History
Ch 22 & 24.2Ch 22 & 24.2
U.S. HistoryU.S. History
Ch 22 & 24.2Ch 22 & 24.2

2. April 25, 1945
Elbe River, Germ.
The End of WWII-East meets West
American & Soviet Troops

3. Yalta – Feb. 1945
The Big 3
High Pt. of cooperation –
but tensions existed
agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones

4. Mistrust Existed Between
America & The Soviet Union
Am. Tried to undo the
communist revolution of 1917
Stalin felt Am. didn’t open a 2nd
front sooner- let Soviets &
Germans kill each other
Reasons for Americans not to
trust the Soviets?
Why wouldn’t they trust us?
• We feared communism
with its focus on
world revolution
• Felt they couldn’t be trusted:
1917 – WWI
1939 WWII
After FDR died –
tensions boiled over

5. Soviet Dominated Europe
This caused a fear in
the West of Soviet
Expansion The Red Army
stayed in Eastern
Europe after the
war
America had to decide how to deal with the Soviet threat

6. If you know NBA opponents approach to dealing
with Michael Jordan, then you will understand
American foreign policy towards the USSR
during the Cold War
“You can’t stop him, you can only hope to…………………..”

7. The Ideological StruggleThe Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL:spread world-wide Communism GOAL:“Containment” of
Communism & the eventual
collapse of the Communist world
George KennanMETHODS of each Side:
 Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
 The Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
 Ideological Competition for the “minds and hearts”
of Third World peoples [Comm. govt. & command
economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]
- the Space Race & Olympic Games, etc
 Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

9. Truman Doctrine [1947]Truman Doctrine [1947]
attempt toattempt to containcontain communism intocommunism into
its already established bordersits already established borders
(Military & Economic Aid)(Military & Economic Aid)
1.1. Civil War inCivil War in GreeceGreece – U.S. gave $$– U.S. gave $$
2.2. TurkeyTurkey under pressure from the USSR forunder pressure from the USSR for
concessions: Dardanelles – U.S. gave $$concessions: Dardanelles – U.S. gave $$
3.3. The U.S. should support free peoples desireThe U.S. should support free peoples desire
for (self-Determination) against communistsfor (self-Determination) against communists

10. The Three Worlds
“Hearts & Minds”

12. European Cities were
destroyed following WWII
Dresden, Germany London, Great Britain

13. Marshall Plan [1948]Marshall Plan [1948]
1.1. ““European Recovery Program”European Recovery Program”
2.2. Sec. of State/George MarshallSec. of State/George Marshall
3.3. The U. S. should provideThe U. S. should provide
aid toaid to allall European nationsEuropean nations
that need itthat need it
““This moveThis move is not against any country oris not against any country or
doctrine, but against hunger, poverty,doctrine, but against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos” -George Marshalldesperation, and chaos” -George Marshall
$12.5 billion$12.5 billion of US aid to W. Europe / & toof US aid to W. Europe / & to
E. Europe & USSR [but this was rejected]E. Europe & USSR [but this was rejected]
Why?Why?

14. The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries
between 1948-1952, helping to improve their economies and
lessen the chance of communist revolutions.

15. First Major Cold War
Crisis
Berlin Blockade
• June 1948 – May 1949
• Stalin attempted to cut off the 2 mill.
residents of West Berlin
• Truman & the Allies responded with
the Berlin Airlift
• Tensions increased between the U.S. &
Soviets

16. Berlin Blockade & Airlift: 1948-49
4 minutes

17. NNorthorth AAtlantictlantic TTreatyreaty
OOrganization (1949)rganization (1949)
 United StatesUnited States
 BelgiumBelgium
 BritainBritain
 CanadaCanada
 DenmarkDenmark
 FranceFrance
 IcelandIceland
 ItalyItaly
 LuxemburgLuxemburg
 NetherlandsNetherlands
 NorwayNorway
 PortugalPortugal
 1952: Greece &1952: Greece &
TurkeyTurkey
 1955: West Germany1955: West Germany
 1983: Spain1983: Spain

18. Warsaw Pact (1955)Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.U. S. S. R.
} AlbaniaAlbania
} BulgariaBulgaria
} CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
} East GermanyEast Germany
} HungaryHungary
} PolandPoland
} RumaniaRumania

19. The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, anFrom Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an
iron curtainiron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind thathas descended across the Continent. Behind that
line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

21. Assignment

22. The Arms Race:The Arms Race:
} The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union
exploded its firstexploded its first
A-bomb in 1949A-bomb in 1949
} Now there wereNow there were
two nucleartwo nuclear
superpowers!superpowers!

23. The Nuclear Age
Atomic Bomb Hydrogen Bomb
A-Bomb H-Bomb
USA 1945 1952
USSR 1949 1953
Sputnik launched - 1957

24. Ivy Mike H-Bomb Test
November 1, 1952

25. Sputnik I (1957)Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America inThe Russians have beaten America in
space—they have the technological edge!space—they have the technological edge!

26. Premier Nikita KhrushchevPremier Nikita Khrushchev
About the capitalistAbout the capitalist
states, it doesn'tstates, it doesn't
depend on you whether wedepend on you whether we
(Soviet Union) exists.(Soviet Union) exists.
If you don't like us,If you don't like us,
don't accept ourdon't accept our
invitations, and don'tinvitations, and don't
invite us to comeinvite us to come
to see you. Whetherto see you. Whether
you like it our not, history is on ouryou like it our not, history is on our
side.side. We will bury youWe will bury you. -- 1956. -- 1956

27. FCDA – Federal Civilian Defense Adm.FCDA – Federal Civilian Defense Adm.
Atomic AnxietiesAtomic Anxieties::
““Duck-and-CoverDuck-and-Cover
Generation”Generation”
Atomic Testing:Atomic Testing:
1946-1962 : U. S. exploded 2171946-1962 : U. S. exploded 217
nuclear weapons overnuclear weapons over
Pacific and in NevadaPacific and in Nevada

28. The Paranoia of a possible WW III led
many Americans to build Fallout Shelters

29. Inspired by Sputnik & Wernher von Braun
NASA is Created in 1958

30. NASA
created in 1958 - Ike
Manned Missions into space
• Project Mercury – 1958
Could Man Survive in Space?
• Project Gemini – 1965
Space Walks and Docking w/other vehicles
• The Apollo Program – 1969
• Sky Lab – 1973
• Space Shuttle – 1981 to 2011
• International Space Station – 1998
• Mission to Mars?

31. The Space Race Heats up
The Soviets beat
America again
Yuri Gargarin
soviet cosmonaut
• 1st
Human to orbit
the earth
April 12, 1961

32. America starts to catch up
to the Soviets - Project Mercury – 1 min
1961 – Alan Shepard
1st
American in Space
1962 – John Glenn
1st
American to
Orbit the Earth

33. John F. Kennedy
Speech at Rice University, Houston
Sept. 12, 1962
We choose to go to the moon in this
decade and do the other things, not because
they are easy, but because they are
hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure
the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is
one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to
postpone, and one which we intend to win.
Then America took the lead in the Space Race…….

34. “The Eagle has Landed”
July, 20 1969
• Apollo 11- 1 min
• The 1st
humans
landed on the Moon
- Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
Michael Collins
“That’s one small step for a
man, one giant leap for
mankind.”."

35. Major Cold War Incidents
Both Concern Territories
Controlled by Japan during WWII
- After the Japanese were defeated
- What side would they turn to?
• Korean Conflict “The Forgotten War”
• Vietnam “The Ten Thousand Day War”
Also Incidents in:
Cuba & The Berlin Wall

36. The Korean War:The Korean War:
A “Police Action” (1950-1953)A “Police Action” (1950-1953)
Syngman RheeSyngman Rhee
Kim Il-SungKim Il-Sung
““Domino Theory”Domino Theory”

37. Vietnam War: 1965-1973Vietnam War: 1965-1973
Vietnam represented a Failure in
American Containment of Communism

38. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
CheckpointCheckpoint
CharlieCharlie

39. Ich bin ein Berliner!Ich bin ein Berliner!
(1963)(1963)
President KennedyPresident Kennedy
tells Berliners thattells Berliners that
the West is withthe West is with
them!them!

40. The Cold War Spilled over
into the Olympic Games
Boycotts – ’80 & ‘84 Miracle on Ice / ESPN poll
Greatest Sporting Event
in U.S. History

41. The Collapse of the USSR
• 1989 – The Berlin Wall Comes Down
• 1990 – Republics Begin Breaking Away
• 1991 – The Dissolution of the USSR
Dec. 26, 1991

42. Part II:
Cuba
Kennedy
Castro
KhrushchevKhrushchev

43. Khrushchev Embraces Castro,Khrushchev Embraces Castro,
19611961

44. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

45. Paris, 1961Paris, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin andKhrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and
nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks JFK isnuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks JFK is
young, inexperienced, and can be pushed aroundyoung, inexperienced, and can be pushed around..

46. U-2 Spy IncidentU-2 Spy Incident
Col. Francis GaryCol. Francis Gary
Powers’ plane wasPowers’ plane was
shot down over Sovietshot down over Soviet
airspace.airspace.

47. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

48. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

49. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with theWe went eyeball-to-eyeball with the
Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!

50. end