The document summarizes experiences from international carbon capture and storage projects. It outlines several major ongoing projects in Europe, the US, and elsewhere. It then discusses two European research projects on carbon storage that Uppsala University is involved in - MUSTANG, which included a deep injection experiment at the Heletz site in Israel, and PANACEA, which focuses on long-term effects of carbon storage and uses data from various natural analogs and injection sites. It also briefly describes two upcoming projects - TRUST, a continuation of MUSTANG, and CO2QUEST, which will study the effects of impurities in captured carbon streams.

1. Experiences from International Test
and Storage Projects
Auli Niemi
Uppsala University
Department of Earth Sciences
Auli.Niemi@geo.uu.se
GeoArena – Mötesplats Geologi
Uppsala Kongress och Konsert, Uppsala,
16-17 October, 2012

2. Outline
General background on ongoing CO2 projects
internationally
•Major projects
•EU’s roadmap
Ongoing/starting EU FP7 Research Projects at
Uppsala (Dept Earth Sciences)
•MUSTANG (2009-2013) – site quantification
•PANACEA (2012-2014) – long term effects
•CO2CARE (2011-2013) – site closure
•TRUST (2012-2017) – sizeable injection
•CO2QUEST (2013-2016) – effect of impurities

3. Status of CCS projects
• Global CCS Institute (GCCSI) identified 238 active or planned
CCS projects , of which 75 large-scale integrating projects,
some industrial project already in operation
• In Europe, EUs demonstration projects will have a key role in
leading to commercial scale
• In U. S., NETL leads the Sequestration Research Development
and Demonstration Program; Field tests of Regional Carbon
Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs), commercial
demonstrations under the Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI)
R&D in conjunction with commercial CO2 storage projects
underway (e.g. Canada, Norway, and Algeria), other major R&D
field injection projects carried out e.g. in Germany (Ketzin),
Japan (Nagaoka), and Australia (Otway), EUs R&D projects
(Heletz)
Sources include: L.Myer,LBNL, 2011, Mustang Training Workshop (www.co2mustang.eu) and
Global CCS Institute, http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/ Status report Oct 2012

4. GCCSI identified
large scale projects
Source: Global CCS Institute,
http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/
Status report Oct 2012

5. Sleipner (North Sea) project
• longest running environmentally motivated CCS project
• operating since 1996
• Ideal storage reservoir (uniform, thick, extensive, high porosity,
high permeability reservoir layer, thick seal of shale

6. Seismic monitoring to observe the plume at Sleipner
T. Torp, 2011

7. Weyburn (Canada) project
• EOR (Enhanced Oil
Recovery) purposes
• largest amount stored so far
• seismic monitoring has been
succesful here too

8. In Salah (Alger)
• Gas field, injection
since 2004, stored 2.5
Million Ton
• Application of seismic
monitoring challenging
• InSar maps of
surface deformation
together with
geomechanical
modeling key to
understanding CO2
migration

9. Key challenges
Technical Non-technical
• Storage capacity • Financial uncertainty
• Cost - primarily capture • Regulatory uncertainty
• Possible environmental • Public acceptance
risks
• Infrastructure
- leakage
- brine migration and
pressure increase
- mechanical integrity,
induced seismicity

10. EU roadmap to CCS
implementation

11. Ongoing EU R&D Projects
on CO2 storage
Pan-European coordination action on CO2 Geological CGS EUROPE 2010-2013
Storage
Creating the technology for safe, long-term carbon storage CARBFIX 2011-2014
in the subsurface
Integrated infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage in COMET 2010-2012
the west Mediterranean
A multiple space and time scale approach for the MUSTANG 2009-2013
quantification of deep saline formations for CO2 storage
Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage RISCS 2010-2013
Understanding the Long-Term fate of geologically stored ULTIMATECO2 2011-2015
CO2
Predicting and monitoring the long-term behaviour of CO2 PANACEA 2012-2014
injected in deep geological formations
Characterisation of European CO2 storage SITECHAR 2011-2013
Site Closure Assessment Research CO2CARE 2011-2013

12. Ongoing EU R&D Projects
on CO2 storage –UU involvement
Pan-European coordination action on CO2 Geological CGS EUROPE 2010-2013
Storage
Creating the technology for safe, long-term carbon storage CARBFIX 2011-2014
in the subsurface
Integrated infrastructure for CO2 transport and storage in COMET 2010-2012
the west Mediterranean
A multiple space and time scale approach for the MUSTANG 2009-2013
quantification of deep saline formations for CO2 storage
Research into Impacts and Safety in CO2 Storage RISCS 2010-2013
Understanding the Long-Term fate of geologically stored ULTIMATECO2 2011-2015
CO2
Predicting and monitoring the long-term behaviour of CO2 PANACEA 2012-2014
injected in deep geological formations
Characterisation of European CO2 storage SITECHAR 2011-2013
Site Closure Assessment Research CO2CARE 2011-2013

13. Ongoing or starting EU projects
- own involvement
MUSTANG – large-scale integrating project for quantifying
Saline Aquifers for CO2 Geological Storage (2009-2013)
- coordinator, budget 10.6 M€
Panacea – project focusing on long term effects of CO2
Geological Storage (2012-2014)
- WP leader, budget 5.2 M€ (led by EWRE, Israel)
TRUST – project continuing and expanding the field
experiment of MUSTANG (Nov. 2012-Nov 2017)
- WP leader, budget 13.5 M€ (contract negotiations
underway, led by EWRE, Israel)
CO2QUEST – project focusing on effect of impurities of CO2
stream (March 2013- Feb 2016)
- WP leader, budget 4.8 M€ (contract negotiations underway,
led by UCL, England)

14. Mustang – large-scale integrating EU
FP7 project for quantifying Saline
Aquifers for CO2 Geological Storage
 Develop methodology and understanding for
the quantification of saline aquifers for CO2
geological storage
 Large scale integrating project,
19 partners, 24 affiliated organizatons, Test
sites
coordinated by Uppsala (Niemi)
 2009 - 2013
 7 test sites including
one deep injection experiment
and one shallow injection experiment of CO2,
as well as strong laboratory experiment, process
understanding and modeling components

15. Heletz deep injection
experiment
Scientifically motivated CO2 injection experiment of
scCO2 injection to a reservoir layer at 1600 m
depth, with sophisticated monitoring and
sampling

16. Deep CO2 injection experiment
Objectives
• To gain understanding and develop
methods to determine the
two key trapping mechanisms
of CO2 (residual trapping and
dissolution trapping) at field scale,
impact of heterogeneity
• Validation of predictive models,
measurement and monitoring wells for field
techniques experiments
Site: a well-investigated
depleted oil reservoir
with saline water on the
edges (Heletz, Israel)

17. www.co2mustang.eu

18. Partners
Scientific Industrial Regulatory Advisory Board

19. PANACEA
•Predicting and monitoring the long-term behavior of CO2 injected
in deep geological formations
•Coordinated from EWRE, Israel, 12 Partners, 8 affiliated
organizations (www.panacea-co2.org)
•Based on different types of data, get an understanding
of the critical long-term effects
Natural analogues: St Johns, USA; Fizzy Field, UK;
Prototype: Maguelone;
Experimental Injection sites:
Otway; Goldeneye; Heletz, Hontomin;
EOR-EGR: In Salah;
Disposal: Sleipner; Snohvit;
Miranga; Bahrenborstel
Contemporary analogues:
natural gas reservoirs.
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2011 –
5.2.-1 Energy) under grant agreement n° [282900]

20. Project flow logic PANACEA
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2011 –
5.2.-1 Energy) under grant agreement n° [282900]

21. Workshop
TRUST – project continuing and expanding the field
experiment of MUSTANG at Heletz, sizeable injection
of CO2, testing different injection modes, further
developing monitoring and modeling techniques,
educational objectives
(Nov. 2012-Nov 2017)
- budget 13.5 M€ (contract negotiations underway, led
by EWRE, Israel)
CO2QUEST – project focusing on effect of impurities
of CO2 stream; entire chain from looking at the nature
of impurities, effects in the pipe-lines and in the
storage formation (March 2013- Feb 2016)
- budget 4.8 M€ (contract negotiations underway, led
by UCL, England)

22. Two starting FP7 projects
TRUST – project continuing and expanding the field
experiment of MUSTANG at Heletz, sizeable injection
of CO2, testing different injection modes, further
developing monitoring and modeling techniques,
educational objectives
(Nov. 2012-Nov 2017)
- budget 13.5 M€ (contract negotiations underway, led
by EWRE, Israel)
CO2QUEST – project focusing on effect of impurities
of CO2 stream; entire chain from looking at the nature
of impurities, effects in the pipe-lines and in the
storage formation (March 2013- Feb 2016)
- budget 4.8 M€ (contract negotiations underway, led
by UCL, England)

23. Thank You!
auli.niemi@geo.uu.se