Session4.3 tiwag martin schletterer

Hydropower and Water Framework Directive
Outputs from the 2nd Workshop on Water Management, WFD & Hydropower (Brussels September 2011)

Multi criteria analyses (e.g. EIA)

Aosta 24.05.2012

Inhalt/Agenda

I. Hydropower in the framework of renewable energies

II. Study on hydropower (DG Environment)

III. Facts from Austria

IV. MCA – Construction of new hydropower plants (EIA)

V. Conclusions

Aosta 24.05.2012 Folie 2 Dr. Schletterer (TIWAG) Hydropower & Water Framework Directive

Hydropower in the framework of renewable energies

 Renewable energy in the EU-27
- 10 % of energy
- 16 % of electric consumption (60 % hydropower)

 Renewable Energies Directive: important role of renewables for achieving
the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions whithin the EU (potential
for greenhouse gas reductions of about 12% from 2005 to 2020)



 Nowadays hydropower is more than 50% of RES-electricity
 will be around 30% in 2020

 Moderate increase in hydropower (2010 – 2020):  Around 25 TWh (8%)
consisting of 17.5 TWh large, 6.0 TWh medium and 1.5 TWh small hydro

Source: DG Energy (EC)



Source: Kampa et al. 2011 (Issue paper, EC)



Current electricity production from hydropower and from
renewable energy sources as a percentage of total national
electricity production (%)




Total national electricity production from hydropower as a
percentage of total electricity production from renewable
energy sources (currently and in 2020) (%)



Study on hydropower (DG Environment)

 Objectives: understanding of the
interlinkages between WFD and
hydropower development with the
aim to support integration
 Overview of current and future contribution of the
HP sector for achieving the RES targets
 Overview of environmental impacts of HP
generation and influence of environmental
legislation,
 Overview of strategic planning approaches in EU
Member States



Electricity production from renewable energy sources (left graph)
and hydropower (right graph) currently and in 2020 (GWh/y)




Legal requirements for environmental improvement




Percentage of HMWB in relation
to total number of surface water
bodies (%)

Percentage of HMWB designated
due/linked to hydropower in
relation to total HMWB (%)




Legal requirements for environmental improvement




Implementation of environmental improvement requires
monitoring:

-linking existing requirements to WFD requirements for
GES/GEP achievement

- Monitoring and data improvements, e.g. with respect to the
effectiveness of fish passes

- further technical research

- Hydropeaking mitigation  R&D projects running

-…



 Some of the major impacts of hydropower stations:
 hydropower has been identified as one of several drivers for
hydromorphological alterations
 the barrier function together with damage and mortality of fish species
 modified flows and habitat conditions
 changed sediment patterns
 the changes in nutrient and physico-chemical conditions

Many of these impacts can be mitigated with
restoration and mitigation measures.



 Mitigation measures need adaption to local conditions (case-by-case)
 installation of fish passes + fish protection facilities
 setting minimum ecological flow requirements
 mitigation of disruption of flow dynamics,
 the attenuation of hydropeaking
 sediment and debris management to avoid flooding and degradation due to
downstream erosion


Facts from Austria

Source: Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry, Environment and Water Management


Construction of new hydropower plants (EIA)

Bundesgesetz über die Prüfung der
Umweltverträglichkeit
(Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungsgesetz 2000 idgF kurz UVP-G)

„Austrian EIA-law“

 assessing direct and indirect effects of a
project, concernign following topics….



Basic dataset
 Geology  Human
 Hydrogeology  Animals, Plants and their habitats
 Natural hazards – Animals and their habitats
– Plants and their habitats
 Traffic
– Limnology
 Soil
 Water
Factors changed by the project – Surface waters
 Noise – Groundwater
 Vibrations  Air & Climate
 Air pollution  Landscape
 Electromagnetic fields  Cultural and infrastructural elements
 Hydrology
 Bedload



RVS 04.01.11, Umweltuntersuchung

 www.fsv.at (Österr. Forschungsgesellschaft Straße – Schiene – Verkehr)

 Beurteilung der sektoralen Eingriffsauswirkungen (je FB)
1. Schritt – Einstufung der Sensibilität
2. Schritt – Einstufung der Eingriffsintensität
3. Schritt – Beurteilung der Eingriffserheblichkeit
(Belastung/Verbesserung)
4. Schritt – Maßnahmenentwicklung
5. Schritt – Ermittlung der Verbleibenden Umwelt-Auswirkungen
 Sektorale Gesamtbeurteilung

 Gesamtbeurteilung der Eingriffsauswirkungen (UVE)
Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Fachbeiträgen
„Integrative Zusammenschau“


Conclusions

The challenge: Balancing requirements of 2 directives

Renewable Energies Directive (RES-e)
achieving a 20% share of energy
from renewable sources by 2020

Water Framework Directive (WFD):
achieving good ecological status/potential
in surface waters and groundwater by 2015


Conclusions

 Hydropower is an important source of
renewable electricity in the EU

 A recent study commisioned by DG ENV
estimated that hydropower could be reduced
by only 8-9 TWh (2.3 – 2.6% of total hydro)
because of ecological mitigation required by
the WFD

 BUT also found that refurbishment can lead
to both ecological mitigation AND increased
production of hydropower


Thanks for your attention!

Session4.3 tiwag martin schletterer

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