On Thursday November 4th, 2010 SIANI convened a public seminar to discuss the complex issue of climate change and the linkage between the process behind the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) and the preparations for the next round of UNFCCC negotiations on climate change impact in Cancun.

1. Swedish International Biodiversity
Programme (SwedBio)
Maria Schultz
Objective: Contribute to poverty alleviation,
sustainable livelihoods, equity and human wellbeing
through development towards resilient ecosystems
and societies, especially taking into account the
need for adaptation and mitigation to ecosystems
change such as climate change

2. Cultural
Non-material
benefits obtained
from ecosystems
Provisioning
Goods produced
or provided by
ecosystems
Regulating
Benefits obtained
from control of
natural processes
by ecosystems
Ecosystem services

3. Biodiversity is crucial for food security

4. 1900 1950 2000
CO2, N2O, CH4
concentrations
Overfishing
Land degradation
Loss of Biodiversity
Water Depletion
Unsustainable
consumption
…..
Planetary Response to global change

5. “Highlighting the role of
ecosystems in adaptation suggests
a number of possible win-win
options. These are related to
increasing the flow of ecosystems
services and helping
disadvantaged groups deal with
future impacts of climate change.
These strategies can lead to risk
reduction and can also contribute
to attempts to promote a transition
to sustainable poverty alleviation in
rural communities.”
Closing the Gaps p.17; Commission on
Climate Change and Development
2009
Investing in restoration and
maintenance of the Earth’s multi-
trillion dollar ecosystems - from
forests and mangroves to wetlands
and river basins - can have a key
role in countering climate change
and climate-proofing vulnerable
economies.
Climate issues update TEEB, 2009
Synergies – climate – biodiversity - development
CLIMATE CHANGE
(UNFCCC and IPCC)
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
and Biodiversity
(CBD and IPBES)
DEVELOPMENT
(UN MDGs)
Resilience!

6. • Ecosystem carbon
managemnet can be a
cost-effective approach -
not only reduce carbon
emissions but also remove
CO2 from atmosphere, ex
reducing deforestation,
restoration and protection
of peatlands and climate
smart agriculture.
• Crucial that voice of rural
poor and indigenous
people are respected, e.g
related to tenure issues.

7. Example Agriculture
• Maintaining diversity of local varieties, crops and
agricultural systems contributes to risk distribution,
decreased vulnerability, and increases the ability of the
agricultural system to adapt. Agroforestry good
example. Biomass store carbon. Increased levels of
organic matter in soil contribute to increased carbon
sequestration.

8. UNDP
Meaningful Access to
Information and
Participation
Representation of
Local Needs and
Priorities
Resource Rights/
Land Tenure
Governance is Key…
…in determining the benefits for poor people

9. CBD financial commitments
• “The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial
resources to enable developing country Parties to meet the agreed full
incremental costs to them of implementing measures which fulfil the
obligations of this Convention…” Article 20 CBD
• “There shall be a mechanism for the provision of financial resources to
developing country Parties for purposes of this Convention …” The
contributions shall be such as to take into account the need for
predictability, adequacy and timely flow of funds …” Article 21 CBD

10. COP 10 CBD Nagoya outcome
Package deal:
• ABS protocol - the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic
Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits
Arising from their Utilization, which, after seven years of
negotiations, sets out rules and procedures for
implementing the Convention’s third objective
• Strategic Plan - with 20 goals for the period 2011- 2020,
including a mission, and strategic goals and targets aiming
to inspire broad-based action by parties and stakeholders
• The Strategy for Resource Mobilization - a decision on
activities and indicators for the implementation of the
Strategy for Resource Mobilization adopted at COP 9, and
a process for setting targets at COP 11 year 2012

11. Work programme on Climate Change:
1. For climate change adaptation and mitigation important to address
biodiversity and for halting loss of biodiversity need to address climate
change
2. Ecosystem based approaches gives ecological, social, cultural and
economic benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation
3. A decision amounting to a de facto moratorium on geo-engineering
4. Synergies and cooperation among Rio conventions:
• A joint preparatory meeting between the three Rio conventions prior to
Rio+20 and possibly a joint high level session
• Joint activities through the Joint Liaison Group on climate change,
biodiversity, land degradation and ecosystem based approaches to
climate change mitigation and adaptation;
• Affirmed the role of CBD in reducing emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation in developing countries, and forest conservation,
sustainable forest management and enhancement of forest carbon
stocks (REDD+)
• Safeguards: 9 (h) … for approval by the COP11, … relevant safeguards
for biodiversity, without pre-empting any future decisions taken under the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change…,

12. Financial mechanism - Nagoya
• Review of guidance to GEF: List of priorities, and an outcome
oriented framework, taking into account the strategic plan
• Assessment of amounts needed in sixth replenishment: Terms
of Reference for an assessment of the amount of funds that
are necessary to assist developing country parties in fulfilling
their commitments under the Convention for the sixth GEF
replenishment
• The Fourth Review of effectiveness of GEF: decision on a ToR
including objectives, methodology, criteria and procedures for
implementation, including that the effectiveness is assessed
against guidance from COP; and the number of developing
country parties that receive timely, adequate and predictable
funds to meet the agreed full incremental cost to them of
implementing measures that fulfill the CBD obligations.
• Additional guidance … climate change:
- Improve synergies between Rio conventions
- Evaluate and reduce negative impacts of adaptation and
mitigation activities, i a safeguards in place

13. CBD guidelines of help to climate work …
• Ecosystem Approach
• Akwé con guidelines
• Addis Ababa Guidelines on Sustainable
use
• etc…
CBD publications
No 41 Connecting biodiversity and climate
change mitigation and adaption
No 42 Review of the literature on the links
between biodiversity and climate change
No 43 Forest resilience, biodiversity and
climate change.

14. REDD: Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and
Degradation in developing
countries
Policy and incentives for reducing
emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation, and the role of
conservation, sustainable
management of forests and
enhancement of forest carbon
stocks
The Safeguards are (negotiation text at the moment under UNFCCC):
• Transparent and effective national forest governance structures,
• Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local
communities,
• Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders and local communities
including, in particular, indigenous peoples
• Actions that are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological
diversity, ensuring that actions are not used for the conversion of natural forests into
plantations, but are instead used to incentivize the protection and conservation of natural
forests and their ecosystem services, and to enhance other social and environmental
benefits.

15. Conclusions and recommendations
• Biodiversity functions as insurance, contributes both to adaptation and
mitigation to climate change. By maintaining ecosystem services will we be
able to adapt to coming global changes. Need to be addressed better in
UNFCCC.
• Synergies between the Rio conventions need to be enhanced, and IPBES
and IPCC synergies need to be explored. Prevent Conventions egoism,
which is not resource effective – synergies country level planning and
reporting, synergies between NAPAs, NAMAs, NBSAPs, PRSPs etc. Have to
use the most appropriate implementing agencies.
• Financial contributions for climate and biodiversity are one part of the
solutions. Questions how to avoid double counting, e.g. statistics Rio
markers, country level want to secure funding for both biodiversity and
climate.
• Reorienting harmful subsidies into biodiversity and climate smart
development. Policy options for e.g. avoided deforestation can include
eliminating perverse subsidies by changing input subsidies, land titling
systems, forest governance arrangements and taxation regimes and using
green incentives for a biodiversity and climate smart development. Search
for win – win solutions.
• Innovative financial mechanisms – Tobin tax etc same sources to some
extent, synergies needed also here. Regarding both possibilities and risks,
and development of appropriate safeguards.
• Questions for Rio + 20?

16. Thank you!
SwedBio
Contributing to resilience!
www.swedbio.org