The focus of the seminar was to explore the increasing interest in land acquisition in Africa from the different perspectives of the major stakeholders. It took place at Sida on the 10th of November, 2010.

1. Future Tanzania
Vigorous Trade Partner or
Dependent Museum?
Presentation at SIANE Seminar 10th November 2010
Pär Oscarsson, Consultant African Opportunities
par@afropp.se

2. Vision for Africa
• Problem or
Opportunities?
• Causes or Symptom?
• Climate Change
• Food Security
• Deforestation
• Population Growth
• Urban Migration
• Land Security
• Lord Nicholas Stern:
• "We will not overcome
world poverty unless we
manage climate change
successfully. I've spent my
life as a development
economist, and it's crystal
clear that we succeed or
fail on winning the battle
against world poverty and
managing climate change
together. If we fail on one,
we fail on the other."
Decca Aitkenhead interview with Nicholas Stern, The Guardian
Monday 30 March 2009

3. USE OR LOOSE!
From Un-Sustainable To Sustainable

4. VISION 2025
TODAY FUTURE?
Can this change be done without
conflicts or compromises?
• ‘Stakeholders in agriculture
envisage an agricultural
sector that is modernised,
commercial, highly
productive and profitable,
utilises natural resources in
an overall sustainable
manner and acts as an
• effective basis for inter-
sectoral linkages by the year
2025.’
• Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives
(2009)

5. Why are Investors looking for land?
Challenges for Agric. Growth
• Poor infrastructure
• Lack of access to finance
• Difficulties securing land
• Limited market access and
economies of scale
• Taxes and export barriers
(From SAGCOT Concept Note 2010)
Investors and Finance Institutions want
Secure Production or Supply to minimise
risk.
Secure access to land reduces risk

6. LAND in Tanzania
• General Lands (>99 years leasehold – 98 years through TIC)
• Village Lands (in process of being formalised - certificates)
• Reserved Lands
Village Land Process for Investments - Actors
• President - Government - TIC
• Village
• Investor

7. Three Steps in Land Process
1. Investor registered and approved at National Level
2. Village meetings , demarcation, maps, approval
3. Formal process, valuation, compensation, Letter of
Offer, Derivative Rights from TIC

8. A Village Government

9. Democratic Process
• Do “we” in the west
treat Tanzanians as
grown ups?
• Can we trust them to
make their own
decisions?
• Do we respect the
desperate need for
more productive use of
land and higher
incomes?

10. TECHNICAL
Village Land Process
CHALLENGES
MAPS:
Old maps, few villages surveyed
Reserved areas not well demarcated
CLIMATE DATA
Scattered Records and Data
WATER DATA
Old data
SOIL MAP
Very rough – not useful for
investments
BIOMASS – N/A
Land Use Planning
Participatory, of high democratic value but
of little value for investment purposes

11. Village Land Process
ADMINISTRATIVE CHALLENGES
•Poor motivation among staff causes delays
•Media debate makes staff insecure in their roles
•Very few examples of successful processes
•Still strong anti-investor feelings among many
decision makers
•No fixed maximum time for a process
•Lack of experienced valuators for valuation and
high expectation on value for land

12. TODAY
• Favours very large investors, difficult for
small/medium
• Few Players and many Referees who wants a say
in the land process
Way Forward
• Strong need for more active Players
• PPP models to be developed
• Soil, biomass etc studies for investment decisions
• Focus on development corridors or clusters
(i.e.SAGCOT)

13. Way Forward
• Roles and Responsibilities to be agreed
• Who takes care of local problems such as
charcoal makers, pastoralists etc?
• What and how can other actors contribute
positively to the process?
• Agree on the need for investments and how to
relate to local farmers
TIC data indicate that Tanzania attracted $744 million of foreign Direct
Investments (FDI) in 2008, out which, only 11 per cent of it went to
agriculture. (The Citizen 6/9 2010)

14. PPP - models
• Many opportunities for
collaboration
• All have to pull in the
same direction
• Land remains owned by
villages
• Strong legally binding
contractual
arrangements that
satisfy finance inst.
• Strong Management
Support for production
security

15. Example – Block Farm
A block farm is a continuous, integrated farming area operated under shared
ownership, by professional management. The approach will:
• Facilitate effective, professional management of block farm area;
• Make it easier to attract & manage commercial financing and donor
support for capacity development & other services;
• Make it easier to construct grid roads and drainage infrastructure. Good
drainage infrastructure eliminates water logging. Good roads act as fire
breaks reducing incidences accidental fire;
• Enable effective provision of extension services for better cane husbandry;
• Enable efficient and accurate application of fertilizers and herbicides;
• Ensure the harvesting of cane of uniform maturity;
• Result in better cost-effectiveness/profitability due to economies of scale.

16. WELCOME
from Aid to Trade!
Future Tanzania
Vigorous Trade Partner of Dependent Museum?