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Fire Prevention Chapter 3
- 1. Private Fire Protection and Prevention Organizations Chapter 3 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 2. Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: •Discuss the role of private industry in local, state, and national fire prevention efforts •List five industries and professions involved in fire prevention •Describe the role of the insurance industry in fire prevention and risk management 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 3. Objectives (cont’d.) • Describe the role of the design professional in fire prevention and protection • Describe the role played by industry trade associations in fire prevention and protection 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 4. Private Fire Prevention Organizations - Purely for Profit? • Public fire prevention programs exist due to private fire prevention organizations • Three categories of programs – Part of risk management system in a business – Profit-making business service – Not-for-profit operating in the public interest 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 5. Fire Prevention Risk Management • Early efforts were undertaken by businesspeople who understood fire risk • First practical automatic sprinkler head – Piano manufacturer: Henry S. Parmalee • Tin-clad fire door – Cotton mill owner: Edward Atkinson 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 6. Corporate Programs • Fire safety/prevention programs: part of corporation’s risk management program – Security often under same umbrella • Fire safety and security must be complementary 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 7. Insurance Industry Fire Prevention Programs • Insurance industry responsible for much of our regulatory system • Early efforts of the stock insurance companies and mutual companies – Descendents of those organizations exist today • Perform many of the same functions in the 1800s 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 8. Insurance Services Office, Incorporated • Provides – Statistical analysis and actuarial service – Automated information systems – Consulting services • Maintains – Public Protection Classification System (PPC) • Good PPC: lower insurance rates in community 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 9. Insurance Services Office, Incorporated (cont’d.) • If codes strictly enforced: – Hurricane Andrew’s damage could have been reduced up to 55% • In response: – Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS), 1995 • More effective construction regulation • Fire codes: fire prevention • Building codes: manage the impact of fire 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 10. FIGURE 3-4 New York Board of Fire Underwriters Fire Patrol Station #2. (Courtesy of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters) 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 11. FM Global, The Factory Mutual System • Manufacturers’ Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 1835 – Zachariah Allen, board of directors – 63¼ % savings on insurance costs, 1st year • Only very best risks qualified for membership – Unlike stock companies 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 12. FM Global, The Factory Mutual System (cont’d.) • By 1987, 42 mutual insurance companies had merged – Allendale Mutual, Arkwright Mutual, and the Protection Mutual Insurance Company • In 1998, merged to form FM Global (24th largest U.S. insurance organization) • Attempts to reduce risk of fire and minimize financial impact if fire occurs – Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 13. Commercial Fire Prevention and Protection Programs • Provide a variety of services, such as: – Design and engineering – Manufacturing, installation, testing and maintenance – Sales of all of the foregoing • Provide services for: – Businesses; local, state, and federal governments; U.S. government installations abroad 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 14. Government Contractors • Government contracts for fire prevention/protection at own installations – Within the United States • Government employees – Active duty military personnel – Civilian civil service employees – Abroad • Private corporations – Chief officers: U.S. citizens – Other positions: citizens of the host nation 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 15. Installation Contractors • Fire protection systems: mostly installed by private firms – Professional registration/certification • Ensures minimum standards for job performance – Permits for systems ensure • Contractors are technically and financially qualified • Work meets code and is appropriate for the hazard • Inspection/acceptance testing after the work is completed 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 16. Consulting, Maintenance, and Repair Firms • Consultants and contractors commonly used in fire prevention/protection arena • Maintenance and testing requirements: – NFPA 17, NFPA 17A, NFPA 25, NFPA 72 • Inspections by municipal officials – Not to be considered absolute protection against contractor fraud or poor work 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 17. Third-Party Inspection and Certification • Reports from qualified individuals/firms – Acceptable as evidence of (model building and fire) codes compliance • In most jurisdictions, companies that install systems cannot inspect them – Collusion prevented • Fire official can accept 3rd party reports – Does not relieve him of approval responsibility 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 18. Private Associations and Not-for-Profit Organizations • Key role in fire prevention programs of governments and private industry • Produce most codes, standards, and recommended practices – Building regulation & fire protection/prevention 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 19. Underwriters Laboratories • Functions – Test and evaluate products at UL test facilities – Develop standards • 24 of the more than 800 UL standards: referenced in the 2000 International Building Code • Closely affiliated with: – NFPA, Factory Mutual Engineering, National Board of Fire Underwriters, and Bureau of Standards 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 20. Codes and Standards Organizations • American Society for Testing and Materials • American National Standards Institute • American Institute of Architects • Society of Fire Protection Engineers • National Association of State Fire Marshals 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 21. FIGURE 3-9 ASTM standards for fire protection 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 22. Trade Associations • Develop standards • Design and test fire resistance-rated assemblies • Maintain materials testing laboratories • Provide technical information and training about their products • Represent their members in the codes and standards development process 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
- 23. Summary • Public fire prevention programs exist due to private fire prevention organizations • There are three categories of private fire programs categories • Several key players take part in fire prevention • Codes, standard, and practices maintained by non-profits/associations 2nd Edition © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning