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Culture and Nonverbal communication in Italy,[object Object],Presented by Kaylee Berry, WitneyEstus, Susie Nash, Malia Ramos and Jolene Silzell,[object Object]
Italian Culture and Nonverbal Communication ispresented is to inform the audience of Italy’s rich culture and how to communicate effectively with it’s people.,[object Object],Music: 	Presented by Kaylee Berry,[object Object],Art: 	Presented by Jolene Silzell,[object Object],Kinesics: 	Presented by Susie Nash,[object Object],Eye Contact and Haptics: Presented by WitneyEstus,[object Object],Appearance: 	Presented by Malia Ramos,[object Object]
The first concept of communication that we will explore is Italian music, because as you will learn, it is a major part of Italy’s cultureItalian MusicBy: Kaylee Berry,[object Object]
The History of Italian Music,[object Object],Historically, Opera has been a big part of Italian society. ,[object Object],Opera music was founded in Italy in 1607 to “commemorate the annual festival of Mantua” (Kwintessential, 2010),[object Object],During the 18th century, the “Castrati,”castrated Italian males, were taught beginning in childhood ,[object Object],       to sing soprano and mezzo for church ,[object Object],       choirs ,[object Object],In the late 18th century, the very dramatic ,[object Object],      “Opera buffa,”meaning “comic Opera” ,[object Object],      became popular,[object Object]
Italian Music Today,[object Object],*Italian music today is heavily influenced by “other European and western countries” (Italia Mia Network, 2010),[object Object],*Opera is still a major part of Italian society; and many of today’s famous Opera singers come from Italy,[object Object],*Some music styles common in Italy today are Pop, Punk Rock, and Hip Hop,[object Object]
Music as a Form of Communication,[object Object],Nobody can deny that music is a very powerful form of communication. It can make us think a certain way about something, or even cheer us up,[object Object],“The intensity of the message depends on the appropriate melody, and on the way the singer/artist performed the song. In other words, the message o the song depends on how the singer/artist has given life to the song” (Stargazer, 2008) ,[object Object],“Communication is about creating meaning” (Beebe , p. 6.,  2010),[object Object]
In addition to music, art is also an integral element of Italian culture and communication.,[object Object],Italian Art,[object Object],By Jolene Silzell,[object Object],Italian culture has a rich history in art in which it provides cultural identity to the people. The artists have “left their mark on every major artistic movement of the western world” (Austin, 1996).,[object Object]
Italian Art: History,[object Object],Among the earliest forms of Italian art are wall frescoes that are found on graves. This is done when the artists paints on fresh plaster so that when it dries the painting becomes part of the plaster which helps it survive. (Wikipedia, 2007),[object Object],The Renaissance was a defining moment in history that was the most productive period in the history of art. Large numbers of masters including Donatello, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael come from all major fields of art. (Gilbert, 2007),[object Object],New Attitudes towards artists began to form and were considered part of the liberal arts in Italy which was  “regarded as  being on a higher level” and the ideas of the artistic geniuses became popular around the country as well as the rest of the world (Gilbert,2007).,[object Object],An interest in Roman culture as well as mathematics, and science lead to an explosion of increased knowledge leading to a more fluid and anesthetically pleasing form of art as the artists’ “pursuit in beauty became widespread” (Austin, 1996).,[object Object]
Italian Art: Subjects,[object Object],Primary subjects were religious based, such as biblical scenes and saints from the Bible. The very first paintings were flat and lacked luster and the figures in the picture were fairly primitive in anatomical form. (Gilbert, 2007),[object Object],Because the peaked interest in science and mathematics occurred in the Renaissance era, people became more knowledgeable of bodily  proportions as well as figured out how to make the picture look three dimensional.,[object Object],Biblical based subjects occurred in Italian art because the people in this culture were influenced heavily by their faith in the Catholic Church during the Renaissance.,[object Object]
Italian Art: Nonverbal Communication,[object Object],        Artists try to portray a message or emotion within their painting, sculpture , architecture etc. This gives their audience a deeper connection or additional knowledge about their subjects.,[object Object],“Nonverbal cues can register our senses from a variety of sources simultaneously” (Beebe, 2008). This means that because we can only focus on one thing at a time that taking time to take in each source to understand what the artist is trying to achieve in their piece.,[object Object],Michelangelo sculpted David with a tense, stern look yet with great beauty in each curve of his body. Michelangelo did this because he believed this was the tie when David was about to face the giant and it was “the moment of his greatest courage” (Chew, 2010). So to depict this great moment in the Bible, Michelangelo  used nonverbal images within David’s face to create such an emotion.,[object Object]
Now that you have learned of the importance of music and art in the Italian culture, Susie will present the concept of kinesics.,[object Object],Kinesics: The use of human movement, gesture and posture in communication (Beebe (Et. Al) ,2010, p. 95) Presented by Susie Nash,[object Object],Italy is a very high context culture, meaning it is “a culture in which people derive much information from nonverbal and environmental cues and less information from the words of a message. “(Beebe (Et. Al) ,2010, p. 152),[object Object],Italian culture is rich in it’s use of kinesics, thus it would be wise to study the numerous travel guides available the Italian traveler so that they do not offend or confuse their hosts and so they will understand their host’s nonverbal language.,[object Object]
Gestures: “Visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture,[object Object],When meeting an Italian for the first time, be ready to shake hands, but if they come at you be ready to air kiss.,[object Object],The air kiss is simply pressing your cheek to someone else’s, starting with the right cheek and moving to the left; lip contact is not necessary, but ok. ,[object Object],http://www.italylogue.com/about-italy/which-way-do-you-kiss-in-italy.html,[object Object],Image from http://www.italylogue.com/about-italy/which-way-do-you-kiss-in-italy.html,[object Object]
Emblems:“nonverbal cues that have specific, widely understood meanings in a given culture and may actually substitute for a word or phrase” (Beebe (Et. Al), 2010, p. 96),[object Object],Italians have an extensive emblem vocabulary and if you visit there, you would be wise to learn some of them in advance.,[object Object],If you did not study your travel guide, you might not know that this Italian is telling you, “I cannot stand this situation/person/thing any longer” and you could possibly make the situation worse! ,[object Object],http://italian.about.com/od/italianculture/tp/italian-hand-gestures.01.htm,[object Object],Image from http://italian.about.com/od/italianculture/tp/italian-hand-gestures.01.htm,[object Object]
Illustrator: A nonverbal behavior that accompanies a verbal message and either complements, contradicts, or accents it (Beebe (Et. Al), 2010, p. 96) ,[object Object],“Italians use body language and hand gestures to punctuate an expression and give it a shading that the word or phrase itself lacks.” http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa062001a.htm,[object Object],Image from http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/gallery/2009/jul/13/learn-italian-gestures-one?picture=349680530,[object Object],This Italian is reinforcing his verbal communication by signaling, “Are you mad?!”,[object Object]
Avoidance:,[object Object],Avert eyes,[object Object],Cross arms,[object Object],Lean back,[object Object],Close Mouth,[object Object],Regulator:A nonverbal behavior that helps to control the interaction or level of communication between people. (Beebe (Et. Al), 2010, p. 97) Italy and America are similar in how we regulate our communication:,[object Object],Interest:,[object Object],Eye contact,[object Object],Raised brows,[object Object],Lean in,[object Object],Smile,[object Object]
Eye contact andHaptics,[object Object],~The Italian Way~,[object Object],In addition to music, art and kinesics, eye contact and haptics play an integral role in Italian communication.,[object Object],By Witney Estus,[object Object]
Eye Contact,[object Object],Italians are one culture that relies heavily,[object Object],on eye contact.,[object Object],Eye behavior is most often associated with the understanding of deception.,[object Object],                                              (as cited in Beebe (Et. Al) (2010), p. 98) ,[object Object]
Eye Contact ,[object Object],Italians use eye contact to depict how honest one is.,[object Object],Intense direct eye contact is common, looking away is a sign of disinterest and/or that you are behaving rude.,[object Object],ALSO	,[object Object],Maintain eye contact while talking, it is considered that you are hiding something if you look away. (Bosrock, 2010) ,[object Object]
Haptics,[object Object],Touch is one of the most powerful forms of,[object Object],non verbal communication,[object Object],A kiss on the check when first meeting a friend is most common in Italy.,[object Object],Shaking hands is also very common,[object Object],When meeting ladies must always shake the mans hand first.,[object Object],When meeting for get together, they shake everyone hands, including children, then again when leaving (Bosrock, 2010) ,[object Object]
Italian Differences,[object Object],What may seem odd in America, to Italians is just their common way of life.,[object Object],Whistling and winking at women is meant as a compliment and is not used in a degrading way. If a woman is interested she will acknowledge the whistlers with eye contact, if she is not she will ignore them.,[object Object],Italians stand much closer to one another than Americans do and it is common for men to walk down the street arm and arm and also women to walk down the street arm and arm. (Lehmann, 2008) ,[object Object]
 Music, Art, Kinesics, eye contact, and haptics are cues of nonverbal communication but just as important is the nonverbal communication  expression of      Appearance.,[object Object],What you wear can tell people a lot about you before you open your mouth to speak. In fact, many psychologists agree that close to 90 percent of what people remember about an encounter is related to nonverbal communication, a large portion of that being your overall appearance and demeanor ,[object Object],( White, 2007),[object Object],Let’s Learn Italian/childrens-books.com,[object Object],By Malia Ramos,[object Object]
Appearance in Non-Verbal Communication ,[object Object],“Many Cultures around the world place a high value on Appearance (Beebe, 2008)”,[object Object],As in all other forms of non-verbal communication, appearance, is culture bound (Beebe, 2008),[object Object],Clothing and artifacts (tattoos, jewelry, etc) are a way to convey one’s culture (Beebe,2008),[object Object],Appearance may also project emotions, social status, and adequacy   ("Italy - language," ),[object Object]
Appearance Matters in Italy,[object Object],Appearances Matter in Italy!!,[object Object], In Italy, The way you dress can indicate your social status, your family's background, and your education level (White, 2007),[object Object],First impressions matter. Italians tend to size people up based on first appearances. ("Living in italy," 2007 ),[object Object],("First impressions," 2007),[object Object]
Bella Figura,[object Object],Presentation and impression are all-important to Italians and are referred to as bella presenza or bella figura (literally beautiful presentation or figure) ("Social customs in," 2010),[object Object],“Individual physical attractiveness is a variable attribute, resource, and status characteristic that has evaluative meaning if people who are more attractive are more highly rewarded (Haas, & Stanford, 2005)”,[object Object], Bella figura is more than dressing well. It extends to the aura your project too - i.e. confidence, style, demeanor.,[object Object],(“Everybody loves an”, 2007),[object Object]
“Clothing functions as a way to,[object Object], convey one’s culture”(Beebe,2008),[object Object],("Exploring true italian," 2010),[object Object],The video above illustrates the importance of fashion in Italian Culture.,[object Object]
How to dress for Italy,[object Object],People dress more formally in Italy. Therefore dress your best!,[object Object],Simple, elegant clothes are normal attire,[object Object],Italians consider bathing costumes, skimpy tops and flip-flops or sandals with no socks strictly for the beach or swimming pool ,[object Object],Informal Attire- Informal generally means tastefully coordinated clothes, sometimes including a jacket and tie for men.,[object Object],“formal” dress usually means formal evening wear,[object Object],Jeans are not appropriate for church (White,2007),[object Object],Remember first impressions are lasting impressions in Italy!,[object Object]
This study of Italian Culture shows:,[object Object],Music is a powerful form of communication; which is important in Italian culture,[object Object],Italian culture has a rich history in art in which it provides cultural identity to the people,[object Object],Kinesics-The high context culture of Italy shows that Italians rely more on nonverbal communication, as opposed to words,[object Object],Italians rely heavily on eye contact. The use of haptics (touch) is used to greet one another,[object Object],Italians place emphasis on appearance; just as many other cultures; “which influences perceptions of credibility and status” (Beebe S. et.al, 2010),[object Object]
Questions: ,[object Object],What are some popular genres of music in Italy today?,[object Object],What are some common ways that Italians regulate their conversations?,[object Object],What changes were brought upon Italian art and artists during the Renaissance era?,[object Object],In Italy, Eye Contact usually determines a persons honesty. Do you judge someone's honesty by their eye contact?,[object Object],What is Bella Figura?,[object Object]
References:,[object Object],Beebe, Steve and Susan. Blue Book of Communications. 5th Ed. Boston: Pearson, 2010. Pp98-100,[object Object],Berger, K. S. (2008). Development through the lifespan: seventh edition. New York: Worth Publishers,[object Object],Encyclopedia of Communication and Information. Volume 2. USA: Macmillan Reference, 2002. Pp 669-673,[object Object],Websites used:,[object Object],Bosrock, Murray. (2010). Italy. Retrieved from http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_it.htm,[object Object],http://www.italylogue.com/about-italy/which-way-do-you-kiss-in-italy.html,[object Object],http://italian.about.com,[object Object],http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/gallery/2009/jul/13/learn-italian-gestures-one?picture=349680530,[object Object],http://consumertraveler.com/wp-content/uploads/greeting-kiss1.jpg,[object Object],	Greeting kiss picture,[object Object],http://cdn.picapp.com/ftp/Images/3/7/d/1/Julia_Roberts_1f23.jpg,[object Object],	Girl/Girl holding arms	,[object Object],Italia Mia Network, . (2010). An Introduction to italian popular music. Retrieved from http://www.italiamia.com/music.php ,[object Object],opera buffa. (2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429831/opera-buffa,[object Object],Stargazer, L. (2008, May 11). The Triangle of communication through music. Retrieved from http://musicouch.com/musicouching/the-triangle-of-communication-through-music/,[object Object],Unknown, Author. (2010, May 15). Italian culture guide: music in italy. Retrieved from http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/Italy/Italian-Culture-Guide:-Music-in-Italy/295 ,[object Object],Valley, S.K. (2010, May 14). Bel canto, bella lingua: the italian connection. Retrieved from http://www.university-world.com/italian/italian_music.html,[object Object]
References Continued:,[object Object],First impressions. (2007). [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.careercapitalist.com/index/2007/04/first_impression,[object Object],Social customs in italy. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.justlanded.com/english/Italy/Articles/Culture/Social-customs-in-Italy,[object Object],Haas, A, & Stanford, G. (2005).  The Impact of physical attractiveness on women's social status and interactional power. Sociological Forum, 20(3), Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/pss/4540908,[object Object],Everyone loves an italian girl. (2009, August 26). Retrieved from http://www.guidespot.com/guides/italian_actress_women_sexy,[object Object],Exploring true italian fashion . (2010). [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH949CUQlRg,[object Object],White, S. (2007). Effective nonverbal communication cues: your mode of dress plays a key role. Retrieved from http://www.successimages.com/articles/sw11.htm,[object Object],Italy - language, culture, customs and etiquette. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/italy-country-profile.html ,[object Object],Living in italy and customs to know about. (2007, October 20). Retrieved from http://www.shelteroffshore.com,[object Object],Austin, J. S. (2008, August). Art in the renaissance. Retrieved from http://www.lifeinitaly.com/art/renaissance.asp,[object Object],Chew, R. (1996, March). Michelangelo renaissance art. Retrieved from http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/michelangelo.html,[object Object],Gilbert, K. (2007, June). Italian renaissance art. Retrieved from http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/07.html,[object Object],WikiPedia, (2007). Art in italy. Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia. Retrieved (2010, May 12) from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_Italy,[object Object],Let’s Learn Italian. Retrieved May 21, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.childrens-books.com/italian-childrens-books.html,[object Object]

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