Presentation given at Hull University Postgraduate Day 29 January 2015 Hull, UK

1. Understanding Open Access –
and understanding it in the
context of UK research funding!
Alma Swan
SPARC Europe
Key Perspectives Ltd
Enabling Open Scholarship
Hull University Postgraduate day, 29 January 2015

2. The shape of this presentation
• Some context
• OA benefits for authors
• The policy picture

3. Open Access
• Immediate
• Free (to use)
• Free (of restrictions)
• Access to the peer-reviewed literature (and data)
• Not vanity publishing
• Not a ‘stick anything up on the Web’ approach
• Moving scholarly communication into the Web Age

6. The ‘Subversive Proposal’
• 27 June 1994: the Subversive Proposal
• Recommended that authors post their
research papers on anonymous ftp sites
• Free access to their peers

7. The reactions
• Researchers
• Policymakers
• Publishers

9. The reactions
• Researchers
• Policymakers
• Publishers

10. Open Access: how
• Open Access journals (www.doaj.org)
• Open Access repositories
(www.opendoar.org)
• Open Access monographs

11. Here’s one

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% Gold
% Green
Where are we?

14. Here’s one

18. What’s in it for authors?

19. Author advantages from Open Access
• Visibility
• Usage
• Impact
• Personal profiling and marketing

20. Visibility

21. An author’s own testimony on open
access visibility
“Self-archiving in the PhilSci Archive has
given instant world-wide visibility to my
work. As a result, I was invited to submit
papers to refereed international
conferences/journals and got them
accepted.”

22. Usage

23. University of Liege repository:
authors deposit

25. Individual article usage: annual levels

26. Individual article usage: monthly levels

27. PubMed Central
• 2 million full-text articles
• c500,000 unique users per day:
– 25% universities
– 18% government and others
– 40% citizens
– 17% companies

28. Impact

29. Citation impact
Range = 36%-200%
(Data: Stevan Harnad and co-workers)

30. Engineering
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
OA
Non-OA
Data: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010
Citations

31. Clinical medicine
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
OA
Non-OA
Citations
Data: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010

32. Social science
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
OA
Non-OA
Citations
Data: Gargouri & Harnad, 2010

33. Profiling and marketing

35. Melissa Terras

36. To summarise …
• More views
• More downloads
• More tweets
• More citations (see SPARC Europe site for
list of studies and summary of findings:
“SPARC Europe citation advantage”)

37. The Open Access policy
picture

38. Policies: worldwide numbers

39. Current global picture: Open Access policies
Region Policies
Europe 356
North America 146
Central & South America 35
Africa 11
Asia 65
Oceania 38
Total 651
Data: ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Policies and Mandates)
http://roarmap.eprints.org/

40. Open Access policies worldwide
Europe
North America
Central & South
America
Africa
Asia
Oceania

41. Open Access policymakers worldwide
Research funders
Research
institutions
Research funder
and institutions
Multiple research
organisations
Sub-units of
institutions

42. The effect of a mandatory policy

43. Current global picture: Open Access mandates
Region Mandates
Europe 203
North America 70
Central & South America 17
Africa 6
Asia 32
Oceania 18
Total 346

44. Open Access mandates worldwide
Europe
North America
Central & South
America
Africa
Asia
Oceania

45. H2020 and Open Access
• Mandatory for peer-reviewed publications
• ‘Green’ OA mandate (repositories)
– Publish as normal in subscription-based journals
– Place author’s copy in OA repository
– Deposit this at acceptance for publication
• ‘Gold’ OA: Permits payments from grants for OA journal
publication
• Mute on monographs
• Definite on data, announcing an open data pilot for
H2020

47. RCUK
• Prefers ‘Gold’ OA (journals)
• Permits ‘Green’ OA as an alternative:
– Permitted embargoes: 12 mths (STEM and 24 mths
(HaSS)
• Block grants to pay APCs
• Hull:
– Year 1: £19,614 (12 articles)
– Year 2: £23,075 (14 articles)
• Cambridge Yr 2: £1,355,073 (817 articles)

48. University of Liege repository:
authors deposit

50. HEFCE
• And HEFCW, SFC, DELNI
• Post 2014-REF
• Applies to all papers published from April
2016
• Must be deposited in your IR within 3
months of acceptance
• Metadata must be open from deposit
• Permitted embargoes 12/24 (as RCUK)

51. Thank you for listening
almaswan3@gmail.com
www.sparceurope.org
www.openscholarship.org

52. Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under
Attribution 4.0 International License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/