Education

1. TOPIC: HOOKWORM
DISEASES:
presentation By
Ruweida Sadaq Hassan
Hamdi Hirsi Mohamed

2. Presentation Objectives:
■ 1.Definition2
■ 2.Infectious agent
■ 3.Epidemiology
■ 4.Reservoir
■ 5.Mode of transmission
■ 6.Incubation period
■ 7.Signs and symptoms
■ 8.Treatment
■ 9.Prevention and Control

3. Introduction:
■ What is hookworm?
■ Hookworm is an intestinal parasite of
humans. The larvae and adult worms live
in the small intestine can cause
intestinal disease.
■ The two main species of hookworm
infecting humans are Ancylostoma
duodenale and Necator Americans.

4. ■ Definition:
■ Hookworm is an intestinal parasite of
humans.
■ The larvae and adult worms live in the
small intestine can cause intestinal
disease.

5. Infectious agent:
■ Causal AgentsIntestinal hookworm disease in
humans is caused by Ancylostoma duodenale,
■ A ceylanicum, and Nectar Americans.
Classically,
■ A. duodenal and
■ N. Americans were considered the two
primary intestinal hookworm species
worldwide.

6. Epidemiological:
■ Epidemiology & Risk Factors
■ Hookworm is a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and
is one of the most common roundworm of humans.
■ Infection is caused by the nematode parasites
Nectar Americans and Ancylostoma duodenal.
■ Hookworm infections often occur in areas where
human feces are used as fertilizer or where
defecation onto soil happens.

7. Hookworms reservoir:
■ Hookworms are parasitic nematodes that live
in the small intestine of their mammalian
hosts including humans, dogs, and cats.

8. Mode of transmission:
■ How is hookworm spread?
■ Hookworm eggs are passed in the feces of an infected
person.
■ If an infected person defecates outside (near bushes,
in a garden, or field) or if the feces from an infected
person are used as fertilizer, eggs are deposited on
soil.
■ They can then mature and hatch, releasing larvae
(immature worms).

9. Incubation period:
■ The incubation period for CLM is typically short,
with signs and symptoms developing several days
after larval penetration of the skin.
■ However, in some cases onset of disease may be
delayed for weeks to months.
■ The median time to symptom development in
reported outbreaks of CLM ranged from 10 to 15
days.

10. Signs and symptoms:
■ Itching and a localized rash are often the first signs of
infection.
■ These symptoms occur when the larvae penetrate the
skin.
■ A person with a light infection may have no
symptoms.
■ A person with a heavy infection may experience
abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight
loss, fatigue and anemia.

11. Treatments:
■ albendazole and mebendazole, are the drugs of
choice for treatment of hookworm infections.
■ Infections are generally treated for 1-3 days.

12. Prevention & Control:
■ The best way to avoid hookworm infection is
not to walk barefoot in areas where hookworm
is common and where there may be human
fecal contamination of the soil.
■ Also, avoid other skin contact with such soil
and avoid ingesting it.

13. ■ 1 sanitary disposal of human faeces
■ 2 Wearing of footwear
■ 3 Health education
■ 4 Treatment of infected individuals

14. ■Thanks for your
attention