Heritage prose revision presentation

A664: Literary Heritage Prose and
Contemporary Poetry

1 hr 30 mins
60%
Answer 2 questions:
• Section A – Literary Heritage Prose (Animal Farm)
• Section B – Contemporary Poetry

50 mins Section A
40%
40 mins Section B

Section A – Literary Heritage Prose

1. Know and understand the
novel, plot, themes, characters,
symbolism, structure, language.

2. Know and understand how to
pass the exam.


Choice from 2 questions:

• Passage-based question

• Whole-text-based question

Passage-based question

In what ways does Orwell powerfully depict the
relationship between the pigs and the other animals in
this extract?

How does Orwell make this such a moving moment in
the novel?

Author’s purpose
+
the ways this is achieved

1. Highlight key
words from the
question


this extract?

the novel?


this extract?

the novel?

IMPORTANT SIGNIFICANT REVEALING
POWERFUL HORRIFYING
MOVING VIVID DISTURBING
SHOCKING


How does Orwell make this such a moving
moment in the novel?

You need to know:
• What the key adjectives mean;
• How they can be interpreted.

MOVING
• Arousing or touching the emotions. What emotions?
• Making a strong or vivid impression – impressive.


TASK:
Choose 2 of the KEY ADJECTIVES from the list.

• What do the key adjectives mean?
• How can they be interpreted?


Other key words???
this extract?

the novel?

1. Highlight key words from the question

2. Highlight
words/phrases in the
passage which help to
answer the question


the novel?

Highlight words/phrases in the passage which help to answer the
question.

WHAT AM I LOOKING
FOR???
THE ‘HOW LIST’.

How does Orwell make this such a moving moment in the novel?
Sorrow Horror
Disgust Sympathy
LANGUAGE:

• Movement
“It was the first time that anyone had seen him (Benjamin) gallop”.
Totally uncharacteristic excitement in defence of Boxer makes this moving.

• How they relate to other characters/how other characters view them
“Clover administered it to him twice a day... While Benjamin kept the flies off him”.
Reminds us how much Boxer is loved (explain why) – makes later events moving.

“Without waiting for orders from the pigs...”
Animals willing to take risks to see Boxer reminds us how much he is loved.

• Their thoughts
“He intended to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters...”
Boxer is portrayed as simple, almost pathetic – vulnerable. Makes his later treatment
moving.

Sorrow Horror
Disgust Sympathy
LANGUAGE:

• Action/how things are said
“A cry of horror burst... Crying out at the tops of their voices... Terrible voice”
Desperate, horrified reactions of the animals makes this moving.

“...there was a tremendous drumming of hooves inside the van...”
Boxer’s sheer panic and desperation as he realises what is happening makes this moving.

• Physical appearance
“...a sly-looking man”.
This man is untrustworthy – what he might do with Boxer who we know to be vulnerable
makes this moving.

• The setting in which the character is seen
“For the next few days Boxer remained in his stall”.
“Benjamin and Clover could only be with Boxer after working hours”.
Boxer is alone, isolated and therefore vulnerable – the pigs take advantage of this. This is
moving.

Sorrow Horror
Disgust Sympathy
LANGUAGE:

• Short sentences
“And Boxer’s stall was empty”.
Emphasises the drama of what has happened – the thought of the farm without Boxer is
moving.

•Punctuation
“!”
Exclamations are used throughout this passage firstly to portray the animals naive
excitement at Boxer’s departure, and then to communicate the shock, surprise,
desperation and panic of the other animals as they realise what is happening.

Sorrow Horror
Disgust Sympathy
STRUCTURE

• How a particular atmosphere (tension) is built up across a scene
Begins with caring, positive, sympathetic activity (Boxer being cared for); then excitement
of the animals at Boxer’s departure; then realisation leading to desperation, panic and
tragedy. The quick transition between these stages makes this moving.

• Contrast
Between the hive of activity/Benjamin shouting and the “deadly silence” as they read the
sign on the van.
This increases in drama and tension as the sign is read makes the moment of realisation
moving.

• Dramatic irony
The reader knows that the pigs are betraying Boxer (the pink medicine), a sympathetic and
dedicated supporter of the revolution; increases the sympathy felt towards Boxer.

• Plot development
The van comes in the middle of the day when the other animals are working and Boxer is
alone; this vulnerability is moving.

Sorrow Horror
Disgust Sympathy
STRUCTURE

• The importance of the scene in relation to the rest of the story
This passage is central in exposing the villany of the pigs in betraying such a sympathetic
and dedicated supporter of the revolution.


2. Highlight words/phrases in the passage which help
to answer the question

3. Look to group related points
from (2) above – organise the
paragraphs/sections of your
response around these groups.


Look to group related points from (2) above – organise the
paragraphs/sections of your response around these groups.

LANGUAGE:
• Movement

STRUCTURE:
• Contrast
• Dramatic irony


2. Highlight words/phrases in the passage which help to
answer the question

3. Look to group related points from (2) above – organise the
paragraphs/sections of your response around these groups.

4. Make
reference to rest
of novel.

About 4/5 of your response needs to focus on the passage, with
1/5 coming from the rest of the novel.
• Can you make comparisons (or contrasts) with the points you are making and
another aspect of the story outside the passage?
• What is the importance of this scene in relation to the rest of the story?

LANGUAGE:

• How they relate to other characters/how other characters
view them
Where else in the novel is the
setting key?

STRUCTURE: Where else in the novel
• How a particular atmosphere (tension) is built up across a has the author used
scene dramatic irony?
• Contrast
• Dramatic irony
• The importance of the scene in relation to the rest of the Already makes links to
story rest of novel!


Aim to write between 5-7 paragraphs:

Introduction

5-6 developed sections

Conclusion


INTRODUCTION:

An overview which sets the passage in context
and summarises the author’s overall purpose.

INTRODUCTION:
An overview which sets the passage in context and summarises the author’s
overall purpose.


This particular extract occurs towards the end of Chapter 9, the penultimate chapter of
the book. It is a very moving and dramatic moment in the novel because it effectively
highlights to the reader the extent of the betrayal of the working animals by the ruling
pigs and implies to them that this will not necessarily improve; going against the ‘happy
ending’ expected of a true Fairytale. This extract does also serve to highlight to the
reader that in the midst of the fear, betrayal and murder instigated by the ruling pigs,
strong and caring bonds do exist between the working animals - which is also moving in
itself.


WRITING A PARAGRAPH:
Mention a KEY WORD (particularly the KEY ADJECTIVE) from the
question in every paragraph.

Provide EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXT for everything you say.

Focus on THE AUTHOR’S PURPOSE and the WAYS this is achieved.

Focus on the KEY ADJECTIVE
Refer to the HOW LIST.


LANGUAGE:


STRUCTURE:

• Contrast
• Dramatic irony

How they relate to other characters/how other characters view them

The way other characters view, or relate to, Boxer makes this such a moving
moment in the novel. We learn that Clover administers the pink medicine to Boxer
‘twice a day’ and in the evenings ‘she lay in his stall and talked to him while
Benjamin kept the flies off him’. This suggests that the characters have real
affection for, and dedication to, Boxer. This could be for several reasons: the
bravery he demonstrated during the Battle of the Cowshed; his remorse and guilt
when he thought he had killed the stable boy or because he is the hardest-working
animal, which led to his collapse. The fact that he is viewed so affectionately by the
other animals makes later events in this extract even more tragic and moving. The
fact that the other animals break from their work ‘without waiting for orders from
the pigs’, when they hear Boxer is leaving, therefore risking their own safety, is
further evidence that the other animals are so dedicated towards him.

Key words from the Evidence from the Links to the rest of
question passage the novel
Further evidence
from the passage Writer’s purpose


The way other characters view, or relate to, Boxer makes
this such a moving moment in the novel. We learn that
Clover administers the pink medicine to Boxer ‘twice a
day’ and in the evenings ‘she lay in his stall and talked to
him while Benjamin kept the flies off him’. This suggests
that the characters have real affection for, and
dedication to, Boxer. This could be for several reasons:
the bravery he demonstrated during the Battle of the
Cowshed; his remorse and guilt when he thought he had
killed the stable boy or because he is the hardest-
working animal, which led to his collapse. The fact that
he is viewed so affectionately by the other animals
makes later events in this extract even more tragic and
moving. The fact that the other animals break from their
work ‘without waiting for orders from the pigs’, when
they hear Boxer is leaving, therefore risking their own
safety, is further evidence that the other animals are so
dedicated towards him.


The way other characters view, or relate to, Boxer makes Key words from the
this such a moving moment in the novel. We learn that question
day’ and in the evenings ‘she lay in his stall and talked to
him while Benjamin kept the flies off him’. This suggests
that the characters have real affection for, and


day’ and in the evenings ‘she lay in his stall and talked
to him while Benjamin kept the flies off him’. This Evidence from the
suggests that the characters have real affection for, and passage


Cowshed; his remorse and guilt when he thought he Links to the rest of the
had killed the stable boy or because he is the hardest- novel


makes later events in this extract even more tragic and Writer’s purpose


makes later events in this extract even more tragic and Writer’s purpose
they hear Boxer is leaving, therefore risking their own Further evidence from
safety, is further evidence that the other animals are so the passage


How does Orwell’s writing make this
moment in the novel so dramatic and
significant?


How does Orwell’s writing make this moment in
the novel so dramatic and significant?

Highlight the key words from the question, including the
KEY ADJECTIVE(s).

Mindmap the KEY ADJECTIVE(s) to interpret it – cover it
as fully as you can.



Highlight any words or phrases which help to answer the
question (referring to the KEY ADJECTIVE(s)).

Use the HOW LIST to remind you what to look for.



PLAN YOUR ANSWER:
• Look to group related points – each will for a paragraph/
section of your response. Aim for 4-6 sections.
• Organise the groups into a logical structure.



PLAN YOUR ANSWER:
Try to make links between the points you have made and
other aspects of the story outside of the passage.
Indicate on your plan where you might do this.



Write the introduction - an overview which sets the
passage in context and summarises the author’s overall
purpose.



Write a section or your answer. Don’t forget to:
• Mention a KEY WORD (particularly the ADJECTIVE(s)).
• Provide EVIDENCE (a range?) from the passage.
• Focus on the AUTHOR’S PURPOSE and the WAYS this is
achieved.
• Try to make a link with the an aspect(s) of the novel
outside the passage.


How does Orwell make Napoleon appear to
be particularly powerful in this passage?


How does Orwell make Napoleon appear to be
particularly powerful in this passage?

Highlight the key words from the question, including the
KEY ADJECTIVE.

Mindmap the KEY ADJECTIVE to interpret it – cover it as
fully as you can.



Highlight any words or phrases which help to answer the
question (referring to the KEY ADJECTIVE).

Use the HOW LIST to remind you what to look for.



PLAN YOUR ANSWER:
• Look to group related points – each will for a paragraph/
section of your response. Aim for 4-6 sections.
• Organise the groups into a logical structure.



PLAN YOUR ANSWER:
Try to make links between the points you have made and
other aspects of the story outside of the passage.
Indicate on your plan where you might do this.



Write the introduction - an overview which sets the
passage in context and summarises the author’s overall
purpose.



Write a section or your answer. Don’t forget to:
• Mention a KEY WORD (particularly the ADJECTIVE).
• Provide EVIDENCE (a range?) from the passage.
• Focus on the AUTHOR’S PURPOSE and the WAYS this is
achieved.
• Try to make a link with the an aspect(s) of the novel
outside the passage.

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