This document provides an overview of India and Pakistan. It discusses the history of both countries including their independence from Britain in 1947. It describes the geography, climate, people, cultures, religions, and languages of India and Pakistan. The economy and government structures of each country are also summarized. Key events in the ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir are outlined.

1. UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR
INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO DE CARACAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS MODERNOS
PROGRAMA INGLÉS
CÁTEDRA DE CULTURA Y LITERATURA
A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO WARS
THE STUDY OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN AS AN EFL TEACHING EXAMPLE
INTRODUCCIÓN A LA LITERATURA Y LA CULTURA DEL MUNDO DE HABLA INGLESA
Class: 001. Professor: David Durán
Authors: Samuel Cruz & Ramón Oviedo
Caracas, February 2011

2. INDEX
•INDIA
•PAKISTAN
•CONCLUSION
•BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INDIA
•HISTORY OF INDIA
EARLIEST TIMES AND EUROPEAN INVASIONS
NATIONALISM, CONSTITUTION AND INDEPENDENCE
INDIA AFTER PARTITION AND ROLE IN THE INDO-PAKISTANI CONF
•THE LAND
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
•PEOPLE AND POPULATION
CULTURE AND LITERATURE
SOCIAL GROUPS AND RELIGION
•NATIONAL ECONOMY
ECONOMY FACTS, EXPORTS, IMPORTS, ACTIVITIES AND INDUSTRY
•CONDITIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION:
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

4. INDIA
HISTORY OF INDIA
EARLIEST TIMES
1500 BC: Aryans from Central Europe invaded the civilization in the Indus Valley.
500’s and 400’s BC: Flourishment of two religions from two popular reformers:
Sidhartha Guatama Buddha, the enlightened one (Buddhism),
Mahavira (Jainism).
326 BC: Alexander the Great’s Greek invasion leaves certain conquered colonies.
4th and 6th centuries CE: The Gupta Empire prompts the Indian “Golden Age.”
700 CE: Afghan warrior Mahmud of Ghazni establishes a Muslim kingdon and brings the
brought Islamic religion to the Valley.
1498- 1503: Vasco da Gama’s voyages established Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English
trade in the region.
1600: Elizabeth I grants permission for the East India Company.
1800: The British established means of communication and universities.
1885: Creation of the Indian National Congress .
1906: Creation of the All-India Muslim League, due to Muslim discomfort.

5. INDIA
HISTORY OF INDIA
NATIONALISM, CONSTITUTION AND INDEPENDENCE
1919: The British participated The Amritsar Massacre (April) and asked the Indians to fight in
the World War I.
1920: Mohandas Gandhi becomes a leader in the Indian independence movement and in the
Indian National Congress through nonviolent disobedience or
noncooperation.
1934: Muhamad Ali Jinnah, head of the Muslin League, sought the creation of Muslin nation,
Pakistan.
1939: The British ask the Indians to fight in War World II, against Germany and Italy.
1942: Gandhi tried to launch the peaceful Quit India Movement, before more Indians kept
aiding the British; and he Muslims negotiate with the British their
separation from India.
1947: India and Pakistan go through partition, and India get its independence on August 15th.
1948-1949: India goes to war with Pakistan over Kashmir, and Indian state mainly inhabited by
Muslims.
1949: Gandhi is killed by a Muslim intolerant fanatic

6. INDIA
HISTORY OF INDIA
INDIA AFTER PARTITION AND ROLE IN THE INDO-PAKISTANI CONFLICTS
1947: India adopts its national flag and coat of arms, emphasizing Indian and Hindus values.
Jawaharlal Nehru, became India’s first prime minister and initiates the
Gandhi dynasty.
1962: India fights China over some intentionally occupied land by the Chinese.
1964: Lal Bahadur Satri succeeds dead Nehru, and India goes to war with Pakistan over
Kashmir once more.
1966: Mrs. Gandhi took the role as the first woman to be prime minister when India was in a
very bad shape.
1971: India goes to war with Pakistan again, after Pakistani civil war preceded the creation of
Bangladesh, and the succession of Rajiv, Mrs. Gandhi’s son (killed in
1999).
1984: A gas leak at a Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, in Dec. 1984, eventually killed
an estimated of 14,000 people.
1998-1999: India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests which prompted economic jam by USA
2001: Violence arose between Pakistan and India after some killings in Kashmir and Dehli.

7. INDIA
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
Arabian
Kanchejunga Mountain
Sea (28,208 ft. (8,598 m)
1,222, 559 sq. mi,
3,166, 414 sq. km
Land Extension
Raining
season:
Monsoons
(June- Ganga River
September,
2,510 km (1,560 mi)
1,14 cms of
water)

8. INDIA
PEOPLE AND POPULATION
CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Old Indian Literature
Written by Vedas about
2,500 years ago
Bollywood makes more
Rising Nuclear movies (mostly in Hindi)
Families worldwide
(Parents-Children)
Later Indian Literature
Written mostly Hindi
and English
Persisting Extended Clohing varies by tradition
Families (Three but most women wear a
generations living Nobel Prize sari, while men wear a
together) 1913 dhoti

9. INDIA
PEOPLE AND POPULATION
SOCIAL GROUPS AND RELIGION
Religion is very varied:
Hindus 81%, Muslims 13%,
Christians 2%, Sikhs 2%
Official Flag
Orange-yellow, for courage
and sacrifice; white, for
There are at least 15 peace and truth; and green,
linguistic traditions, however for faith and chivalry, and a
there are two major central wheel called
languages Dharma Chakra, the wheel
Hindi (66.00%) and English of law
(19.00%)
National
emblem
Four lions
India is the 2nd most symbolizing
inhabited country in power, courage,
the world: pride and
1,129,866,154 Pop confidence);
Density: besides a motto
984 per sq mi, 380 which means
per sp km Truth Alone
Triumphs

10. INDIA
ECONOMY FACTS, EXPORTS, IMPORTS, ACTIVITIES AND INDUSTRY
India’s currency is India mostly
the Indian Rupee exports Engineering
1 Indian Rupee (Rs) goods, petroleum
40.75% to 1 US $ products, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals,
gems and jewelry,
textiles, agricultural
products, iron ore
Agriculture provides the and other minerals
main source of income for
the majority of the
population. Most Indians are
farmers, and they depend on India also produces
the seasonal rains to grow gross domestic product
their crops
(GDP) through
manufacturing, mining
India mostly imports products, forestry and
Crude and refined petroleum fishing; and a
have about, among electronic considerable amount of
goods, precious stones, gold, people working in
silver, non electrical services industries, such
machinery or apparatus, and as the Government
either organic or inorganic
itself
chemicals

11. INDIA
CONDITIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Currently, the head of Government
is the President, Mrs. Pratibha
Devisingh Patil (since 2007), and the
Head of Government is the Prime
Minister, Mr. Manmohan Singh
(since 2004)
India, whose
name in Hindi is
Bhārat Gaṇarājya
as derived from
the Indus Valley) India is divided
became a in 25 states and
democratic 7 territories
republic in 1947
India’s form of government There is about
is a multiparty federal 519,000
republic (divided in Council of physicians (1 per
State, the House of the 1,923 pop)
People

12. PAKISTAN
•HISTORY OF INDIA
PAKISTAN AFTER PARTITION AND ROLE IN THE INDO-PAKISTANI C
•THE LAND
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
•PEOPLE AND POPULATION
CULTURE AND LITERATURE
SOCIAL GROUPS AND RELIGION
•NATIONAL ECONOMY
ECONOMY FACTS, EXPORTS, IMPORTS, ACTIVITIES AND INDUSTRY
•CONDITIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION:
GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION

13. PAKISTAN
HISTORY OF INDIA
PAKISTAN AFTER PARTITION
1947: Pakistan gets its independence on August 14th after going through partition from India
1956: Pakistan becomes a democratic nation.
1971: East Pakistan becomes the independent republic of Bangladesh.
Zulficar Ali Bhutto takes office ans starts the Bhutto dynasty.
1988: Benazir Bhutto -daughter of Zulficar, and head of the Pakistan People’s Party- to be
becomes the first woman president of an Islamic country.
1993: Farooq Leghari becomes the new head of state and has Bhutto resing parliament due to
apparent
1997: a new Pakistani law called for elections so as to discharge both the president and the
prime minister, dismissing the latter’s figure, and having Leghari succeeded by Sharif’s
political ally, Mohammad Rafiq Tarar
2001: On September 11th, the terrorist group Al-Qaeda attacks the World Trade Center in USA.

14. PAKISTAN
THE LAND
China
K2 or Godwin Austen
Arabian (8,611 mts)
sea India
Raining Indus
season River
(July to (3,200
September, km
25 cms) (2,000
mi)

15. PAKISTAN
PEOPLE AND POPULATION
CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Women from:
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class
Literature:
Nazir Ahmad
Pandi Ratan
Nath Sarsha
Sir Alama
Mohammad
Zulfikar Iqbal (1877–
Ghose 1938)
Jassimudin

16. PAKISTAN
PEOPLE AND POPULATION
SOCIAL GROUPS AND RELIGION
Pakistan is a
multicultural country: Official
Muslim ,Christian, Hindu, languages:
Parsis, Buddhist; and English and
others Urdu
Social groups:
Punjabi, Pashtun,
Sindhin, Urdu-speaking
muhajirs, Balochi, and
others
Population:
184,404,791 pop. The flag
The coat
Density:
of arms
212 per sq. km

17. PAKISTAN
ECONOMY FACTS.
Currency:
Pakistan Rupee (As of
January, 2011, 1 U.S
$=85.27 PRs)
Pakistan imports Pakistan exports
mostly: mosltly:
Industrial equipment, Cotton, textile goods,
chemicals, vehicles, rice, leather
steel, iron items carpets, sports
ore, petroleum, edible goods, handi-crafts,
oil, pulses, tea. fish and fish prep. and
fruit

18. PAKISTAN
CONDITIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION
This nation is divided
in four provinces and
the capital territory,
Islamabad, plus There are
federally 96,248
administrated tribal physicians
areas. , that
means
that there
is 1
physician
per 1,516
persons
and about
Pakistan’s president 97,945
is Asif Ali Zardari. hospital
beds per
1,490
persons.

19. CONCLUSIONS
•

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•Central Intelligence Agency (2011). Pakistan. The World factbook. [On-line document]. Retrieved From:
https://cia.gov/library/publication/the-world-factbook/goes/ni/html. [Consulted on: 2011, January 25]
•Encyclopædia Britannica (2004). Book of the Year. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Chicago: USA.
•Encyclopædia Britannica (2011) India, flag of [Online document] Retrieved from:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355310/India-flag-of [Consulted on: 2011, February 10]
•India provoca a Pakistán con pruebas milísticas (2002, Enero 26) El Nacional, p. 1-10.
•MacNeil, R. (Host/writer) (1986). The Story of English: An English Speaking World [On-line video].
Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FtSUPAM-uA&feature=related;
http://www.youtube.com/watch? v = EEsI2t-mvZk& feature=related; http://www.youtube.com/ watch? v=
Xzt2p1j Riro & feature= related [Consulted on: 2011, January 3 rd]
•Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (2011). Pakistan [On-line document]. Retrieved from: https://
pak.gov.pk/html. [Consulted on: 2011, January 25].
•Nyrop, R (1971). Area Handbook for Pakistan. Washington: D.C
•The New Encyclopedia Britannica Vol. 25 (1993). The Book of the Year. Chicago: USA Macropedia,
knowledge in depth.
•The World Almanac and Book of Fact (2008). India, Pakistan. New York: USA. World Almanac Books.
•The World Book Millennium (2000). P, Vol. 15. World book, inc. Chicago: USA
•Time Almanac: Powered by Encyclopedia Britannica (2008). India, Pakistan. Little Brown & Co.