1. Lesson 2 – ǑƮतीय पाठ: « Sanskrit Institute http://sanskritinstitute.wordpress.com/2012/03/26/lesson-2/
पठत संःकृ तम ्
ǒूय िमऽ
ǒू य िम ऽ ाः – priya mitrAhA – Dear friends,
Today, we shall discuss about the second part of Sanskrit Alphabets. In the previous section we discussed about the vowels. Now,
we use the sounds which are generated by the movements of our speech organs. Vowels are the sounds which are generated
automatically when we breath (अ – आ), smile (इ – ई), surprise (उ – ऊ) and others. The sounds which can be generated by controlling
the speech organs such as tongue, tooth, lips, throat we can generate nearly 32 different kind of sounds. These sounds can be
generated either by exhaling the air or not. These sounds are called consonants. It can be said as “A basic speech sound in which the
breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable”.
These sounds can be classified as
1. Guttural – Sounds purely generated from the base of throat alone.
2. Palatal – Sounds generated with the help of tongue.
3. Cerebral – Sounds generated from the throat and it reaches the cerebral portion of head when it finishes.
4. Dental – Sounds generated when the tongue and tooth are joined.
5. Labial – Sounds generated when the tip of the tongue makes any one or both the lips active. The tongue should not touch
the any of the tooth.
6. Semi Vowel – Sounds that is intermediate to a vowel and a consonant and must not be a syllabic sound.
7. Sibilants – Sounds made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth.
8. Aspirant – Sound that is generated completely when air elapses out of the mouth.
The following table explains in detail about the combination of sounds with vowels, and results the consonants.
Table 2 : Classical Sanskrit Letters – CONSONANTS – å य Ñ जनािन – VyanjanAni
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ लृ ॡ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
G क् क का Ǒक कȧ कु कू कृ - - - के कै को कौ कं कः
U
T ख् ख खा ǔख खी खु खू खृ - - - खे खै खो खौ खं खः
T
U ग् ग गा िग गी गु गू गृ - - - गे गै गो गौ गं गः
R
घ् घ घा िघ घी घु घू घृ - - - घे घै घो घौ घं घः
A
L
ɨ ड़ ड़ा Ǒड़ ड़ȣ ड़ु ड़ू ड़ृ - - - ड़े ड़ै ड़ो ड़ौ ड़ं ड़ः
S
P च् च चा िच ची चु चू चृ - - - चे चै चो चौ चं चः
A
ɩ छ छा िछ छȤ छु छू छृ - - - छे छै छो छौ छं छः
L
T ज् ज जा ǔज जी जु जू जृ - - - जे जै जो जौ जं जः
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2. Lesson 2 – ǑƮतीय पाठ: « Sanskrit Institute http://sanskritinstitute.wordpress.com/2012/03/26/lesson-2/
A झ झा ǔझ झी झु झू झृ झे झै झो झौ झं झः
झ् - - -
L
S ञ् ञ ञा िञ ञी ञु ञू ञृ - - - ञे ञै ञो ञौ ञं ञः
C ɪ ट टा Ǒट टȣ टु टू टृ - - - टे टै टो टौ टं टः
E
R ɫ ठ ठा Ǒठ ठȤ ठु ठू ठृ - - - ठे ठै ठो ठौ ठं ठः
E
B ɬ ड डा Ǒड डȣ डु डू डृ - - - डे डै डो डौ डं डः
R
ɭ ढ ढा Ǒढ ढȣ ढु ढू ढृ - - - ढे ढै ढो ढौ ढं ढः
A
L
ण् ण णा ǔण णी णु णू णृ - - - णे णै णो णौ णं णः
S
D त् त ता ित ती तु तू तृ - - - ते तै तो तौ तं तः
E
थ् थ था िथ थी थु थू थृ - - - थे थै थो थौ थं थः
N
T ɮ द दा Ǒद दȣ दु दू Ǻ - - - दे दै दो दौ दं दः
A
ध् ध धा िध धी धु धू धृ - - - धे धै धो धौ धं धः
L
S न् न ना िन नी नु नू नृ - - - ने नै नो नौ नं नः
L प् प पा ǒप पी पु पू पृ - - - पे पै पो पौ पं पः
A
फ् फ फा Ǒफ फȧ फु फू फृ - - - फे फै फो फौ फं फः
B
I ब् ब बा ǒब बी बु बू बृ - - - बे बै बो बौ बं बः
A
भ् भ भा िभ भी भु भू भृ - - - भे भै भो भौ भं भः
L
S म् म मा िम मी मु मू मृ - - - मे मै मो मौ मं मः
S य् य या िय यी यु यु यू - - - ये यै यो यौ यं यः
E
M र् र रा ǐर रȣ ǽ Ǿ रृ - - - रे रै रो रौ रं रः
I
V ल् ल ला िल ली लु लू लृ - - - ले लै लो लौ लं लः
O
W व् व वा ǒव वी वु वू वृ - - - वे वै वो वौ वं वः
E
L ळ् ळ ळा िळ ळȣ ळु ळू ळृ - - - ळे ळै ळो ळौ ळं ळः
S
S श् श शा िश शी शु शू शृ - - - शे शै शो शौ शं शः
I
B ष् ष षा ǒष षी षु षू षृ - - - षे षै षो षौ षं षः
I
L स् स सा िस सी सु सू सृ - - - से सै सो सौ सं सः
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3. Lesson 2 – ǑƮतीय पाठ: « Sanskrit Institute http://sanskritinstitute.wordpress.com/2012/03/26/lesson-2/
A
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N
T
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
S
ɯ ह हा Ǒह हȣ हु हू ǿ - - - हे है हो हौ हं हः
ASPIRANT
The previous post about the vowels in Sanskrit Letters includes an image, that clearly explains the pronunciation of letters. Please
refer to that.
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Sanskrit Alphabets, Sanskrit Basic Lessons Alphabets, Letters, Sanskrit
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One Response to Lesson 2 – ǑƮतीय पाठ :
ǑƮ तीय
shriram kannan March 26, 2012 at 11:44 PM (Edit)
good work… excellent compilation..
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