Sensor Based Network

1. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS:
AN OVERVIEW

2.  Presented By:
 Saqib Naveed 07010656-071
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3. Introduction
A sensor network is composed of a large
number of sensor nodes, which are densely
deployed either inside the phenomenon or
very close to it.
 Random deployment
 Cooperative capabilities
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4. Applications of sensor
networks
 temperature
 humidity
 vehicular movement
 lightning condition
 pressure
 soil makeup
 noise levels
 the presence or absence of certain kinds of objects
 mechanical stress levels on attached objects
 the current characteristics such as speed, direction, and
size of an object
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5. Applications of sensor
networks
Military applications
 Monitoring friendly forces, equipment and
ammunition
 Battlefield surveillance
 Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
 Battle damage assessment
 Nuclear, biological and chemical attack
detection and reconnaissance
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6. Applications of sensor
networks
Environmental applications
 Forest fire detection
 Flood detection
 Precision agriculture
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7. Applications of sensor
networks
Health applications
 Telemonitoring of human physiological data
 Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors
inside a hospital
 Drug administration in hospitals
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8. Applications of sensor
networks
Home applications
 Home automation
 Smart environment
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9. Applications of sensor
networks
Other commercial applications
 Environmental control in office buildings
 Interactive museums
 Managing inventory control
 Vehicle tracking and detection
 Detecting and monitoring car thefts
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10. Factors influencing sensor
network design
Fault tolerance
 Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor
network functionalities without any interruption
due to sensor node failures.
 The fault tolerance level depends on the
application of the sensor networks.
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11. Factors influencing sensor
network design
Scalability
 Scalability measures the density of the
sensor nodes.
 Density =  =(N R
(R) 2)/A
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12. Factors influencing sensor
network design
Production costs
 The cost of a single node is very important to
justify the overall cost of the networks.
 The cost of a sensor node is a very challenging
issue given the amount of functionalities with a
price of much less than a dollar.
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13. Factors influencing sensor
network design
Hardware constraints
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14. Factors influencing sensor
network design
Power consumption
 Sensing
 Communication
 Data processing
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15. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
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16. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
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17. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Application layer
The three possible application layer protocols
are -
 Sensor management protocol (SMP)
 Task assignment and data advertisement
protocol (TADAP)
 Sensor query and data dissemination
protocol (SQDDP)
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18. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Transport layer
 This layer is especially needed when the system
is planned to be accessed through Internet or
other external networks.
 No attempt thus far to propose a scheme or to
discuss the issues related to the transport layer
of a sensor network in literature.
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19. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Network layer
 Power efficiency is always an important
consideration.
 Data aggregation is useful only when it does not
hinder the collaborative effort of the sensor
nodes.
 An ideal sensor network has attribute-based
addressing and location awareness.
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20. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Data link layer
The data link layer is responsible for the
medium access and error control. It ensures
reliable point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint connections in a communication
network.
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21. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Medium access control
 Creation of the network infrastructure
 Fairly and efficiently share communication
resources between sensor nodes
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22. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Error control
 Forward Error Correction (FEC)
 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).
Simple error control codes with low-
complexity encoding and decoding might
present the best solutions for sensor
networks.
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23. Communication architecture
of sensor networks
Physical layer
The physical layer is responsible for frequency
selection, frequency generation, signal
detection, modulation and data encryption.
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24. Thank You Alls…..
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