1. Reza Abedi

2. Classroom Structure
This term is used as learning experiences that have 
been organized and whether one form of organization
is any better than another 

Learning Prefernece Scales(Owens and Barnes) 
Ames(1984): 
Investigating the meaning of success and failure to 
learners

3. Classroom Structure
Competitive
Is only helpful to those who do well
Fearful of making mistakes
Success or failure to be attributed to greater or lesser ability
Self-esteem becomes dependent on one’s perception of one’s
own ability
Individualistic
Comparing one’s present level of performance with previous
achievements
Concentration on learning process

4. Coopertive
Group success
Improve an individual’s poor
self-esteem
cooperative
Group failure
Can modify the positive selfperceptions of those who
perform well individually

5. Characteristics of a successful
group
Members feel themselves as a group
There is a positive supportive atmosphere
Members listen to each other and take turns
Members feel secure and accepted
Members work together productively
Members trust each other
Group members are able to empathise with each other

6. Classroom Enviroment Scalerelationships
Feelings of involvement 
Afffiliation 
Teacher support 
Goal orientation: 
Task orientation 
Competetiveness 
Aspects of system maintenance and change: 
Order and organization 
Rule clarity
Teacher control and innovation

7. Learning Enviroment Inventory
Instruction 
Aptitude 
Enviroment 
LEI consists of fifteen different scales, such as: 
Cohesiveness 
Favoritism 
Democracy 
competitiveness •

8. Innovation
and building
relationships
Learner
satisfaction
Social and
personal growth
Task
achievement
High
achievement
Fail to attract
learner interest
and creativity
Dissatisfaction
and alienation
Do not facilitate
personal, social
and academic
growth
Teacher’s
control

9. Classroom Climate
Democratic: 
Learners are more satisfied and self-reliant and show 
more positive interpersonal relationships
Formal: 
Learners score higher on measures of vocabulary,reading
and mathematics

10. Thank you