Shawna henderson_cmhc_retrofitconf_oct009
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A presentation of the results of a study for CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation), The Path to Net Zero: Deep Energy Retrofits. Presentation was made at the CMHC Affordable Retrofits Conference in October 2009.
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Shawna henderson_cmhc_retrofitconf_oct009
- 1. (Deep) Energy Retrofits by House Type Inves7ng in Exis7ng Housing Shawna Henderson, CEO Bfreehomes Design Ltd.
- 2. Energy Efficiency programs aim for a 20 to 30% reduc7on in space and water hea7ng needs. A deep energy reduc7on aims for 70 to 90%.
- 3. St. Margarets Bay, 1992 St. Margarets Bay, 1998 St. Margarets Bay, 1996 Lunenburg, 2002 Wallace River, 2007
- 4. New SINGLE FAMILY housing = about 110,000/year 13.2 million exis7ng homes in Canada Nova Sco7a: nearly 50% pre-‐1970
- 5. CMHC About Your House Series: Renovating for Energy Savings http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/renoho/reensa/index.cfm Free download
- 6. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses 12 house types, 6 ci7es Range of ages: 1922 to 2000 1. How does house type/age affect NZEEH? 2. How does climate affect NZEEH?
- 7. • The Twike: 2 person human-‐electric hybrid • 5kw electric motor, Top speed 55 mph • 4 -‐ 8 kWh/100km, equiv. to 300 -‐ 600 miles per gallon
- 8. House as a System Lost Opportuni7es – Low Hanging Fruit House Yoga – Flexibility & Endurance
- 12. If this, then… Where you’re going If this, then… Where you are If this, then…
- 13. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses 12 house types, 6 ci7es Range of ages: 1922 to 2000 1. How does house type/age affect NZEEH? 2. How does climate affect NZEEH?
- 15. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses Vancouver Calgary Toronto Montréal Halifax Whitehorse
- 16. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses Upgraded Envelope Targets (RSI/R) Averages from superinsulated houses built/designed in the last 5 years in Canada and northern US, incl. EQuilibrium House Initiative projects Ceiling Main Walls Exposed Floors Below Grade Walls Slab Vancouver 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 7.0 (40) 7.0 (40) 1.8 (10) Calgary Toronto 14.4 (80) 10.6 (60) 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 7.0 (40) 1.8(10) 7.0 (40) 1.8 (10) Montreal 14.4 (80) 10.6 (60) 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 1.8 (10) Halifax Whitehorse 10.6 (60) 14.4 (80) 7.0 (40) 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 10.6 (60) 7.0 (40) 1.8 (10) 7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
- 21. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses Best Case Scenario: Vancouver Bungalow General informa7on – – – – – footprint = 17 x 6 m (55 x 20 m) 4/12 roof, no significant heel @ eave framed w/2x4 walls poured concrete basement single pane windows
- 22. Approaching Net Zero Energy in Exis7ng Houses
- 23. Assump7ons Full-‐size, central hea7ng system Diminishing returns on increased insula7on Crappy windows Business as usual
- 24. Residen7al uses account for nearly 20% of overall energy consump7on in Canada Data: Office of Energy Efficiency, NRCan
- 25. Meeting DHW load becomes becomes bigger challenge than space heating as envelope improves Energy Use Comparison 400 350 300 250 50% reduc7on Ligh7ng 200 Appliances Water 150 80% reduc7on Space 100 50 0 As Is Conven7onal DER with solar
- 26. Ligh7ng 5% Shift the relationships between purposes and energy use As Is Appliances 13% Water 17% DER with Solar Thermal Space 65% Ligh7ng 13% Space 33% Conven3onal Ligh7ng 6% Appliances 46% Appliances 16% Water 21% Space 57% Water 8%
- 27. 2 Halifax ‘Gut Rehabs’ ecoENERGY: 5, 15 ecoENERGY upgrade: ±60 Deep Energy Retrofit: ±80 Drop space hea7ng load by ± 50% Drop space hea7ng load by ± 70% Envelope first, then mechanicals
- 28. FLAT ROOF OPTION OPTIMIZES SPACE @ 3RD FLOOR 35'-0" 10'-0" 9" 10'-0" 9" 8'-0" NOTE: bay area squared off at 3rd storey roofline studies for 1375/79 and next door 1375/79 and next door AS IS FLAT ROOF W/FRONT GABLES RAISED developed upper floor
- 29. Insula7on: R21/3.5” soy-‐based polyurethane in original wall cavity R15/4” blown cellulose in new cross-‐strapped cavity
- 30. #1: get rid of water problems
- 31. A: No direct contact w/concrete or masonry walls or floors for moisture sensi7ve materials B: Moisture tolerant materials are not in contact with materials that will absorb water if there is problem C: Air7ght construc7on on founda7on walls and floors warms first condensing surface, mi7ga7ng moisture issues in living space Plumbing and electrical services run in front of 2 lb foam insula7on and behind standoff wall – full depth insula7on throughout basement and header area
- 32. Insula7on Spray-‐on Foam Blown-‐in Fibrous
- 33. Drainage Plane
- 34. Think pool liner Illustra7on from www.buildingscience.com
- 35. 5-‐ year payback based on $ spent vs. energy savings not the whole story – but how to quan7fy comfort? Windows, siding = ‘permanent’ components w/20 yr planning horizon
- 36. Inside glass temp also impacts condensa7on and moisture issues in a house as envelope is improved. Mechanical ven7la7on required – low space hea7ng loads: can we use ven7la7on system to distribute heat?
- 37. Two of each: 60% efficient, 120k Btu oil boiler 80 gal. electric water heaters + indirect tank, uninsulated in uncondi7oned space … to this (reasonable facsimile of system) From this … 97% efficient, 50k Btu natural gas condensing boiler augmen7ng solar thermal system DHW and space hea7ng delivered via dual-‐ coil, 120 gallon storage tank
- 38. Solar Thermal Combi System
- 39. From cast iron rads to infloor radiant on 12 and 16 inch centres
- 40. From high-‐temp hydronic baseboards to low-‐temp rads
- 41. Energy Reduc7ons 70% reduc7on in space hea7ng + 90% of domes7c hot water supplied Hea7ng Load: 160k – 80k – 50k Btu Energy Use: ??!! – 152mil– 60 mil Btu 51000kWh – 18000 kWh
- 42. House as an Investment Define investment period What’s in your pocket at the end? Resale-‐ability? Non-‐energy benefits? Investment horsepower? Alterna7ves … Scenarios for house Scenarios for money
- 43. What’s the payback? 72” screen? Maybe we need glasses?! Two wall ovens + microwave? How many cooks?! 22 c.f. and up fridges? Whose army are we feeding?!?!
- 45. Phases Dramproofing & Insula7on 1 Residing/Reroofing & Insula7on 2 Replace Hea7ng System Rough-‐in Solar Thermal System Install Drainwater Recovery Address ven7la7on requirements Adjust exis7ng hea7ng equipment if possible High-‐efficiency, small capacity unit backing up solar thermal system w/ low-‐temperature hydronics
- 46. Investment/Energy Costs Conven7onal: $22k Oil $8,100 Electricity $7,300 Nat Gas $4,000 Deep Energy Retrofit: $37k Oil $5,100 Electricity $4,600 Nat Gas $2,600 DER w/solar combi: $52k Oil $2,100 Electricity $1,900 Nat Gas $1,000
- 47. DER = 1.85x up front costs of Conven7onal Conven7onal = 1.7x projected costs of DER
- 48. How to Frame the Analysis of Return on Investment for Energy Savings Measures Among the prac7cal range of investment decisions: Which provides the largest “return”? Which are in your budget range? Which achieves the desired returns within your investment 7meframe? What non-‐energy benefits are driving your decision? e.g., comfort and aesthe7c benefits, health and safety, greater control over energy use, ease of selling home, enhanced pride and pres7ge, environmental responsibility