Presented in 2007, when I was an assistant prosecutor at the Tohono O'odham Nation, an American Indian tribe straddling the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona.

1. Animal Cruelty and Neglect: Detecting, Investigating and Reporting Suspected Animal Abuse and Understanding its Connection to Other Crimes By Joan M. Bundy , Assistant Prosecutor for the Tohono O’odham Nation

16. For comparison’s sake: United States Arizona Pima County Feds do not have many animal cruelty laws that apply to pets (just the “Endangered Species Act” and other things that mostly affect wildlife) Primarily §13-2910 (see packet) ; in 1999 Arizona upped the penalty for committing an act of intentional animal cruelty from a Class 1 Misdemeanor to a Class 6 Felony. Chapters 6.02 to 6.06 ( see packet )

17. Some state animal-cruelty penalties: PENALTIES CIRCUMSTANCES Up to 6 months’ jail and three years’ probation; $200 to $2,500 fine Class 1 misdemeanor Up to one years’ prison or three years’ probation and/or $150,000 fine Class 6 felony (injure or kill animal) 1 to 1.75 to 2.25 years (minimum, presumptive, maximum) Class 6 felony with one prior felony conviction 3 to 3.75 to 4.5 years Class 6 felony with two or more prior felony convictions 1.5 to 2.25 to 3 years Class 6 felony involving intentional or knowing infliction of serious physical injury or discharge, use or threatening exhibition of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument 3 to 3.75 to 4.5 years Class 6 felony with one prior felony conviction involving intentional or knowing infliction of serious physical injury or discharge, use or threatening exhibition of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument 4.5 to 5.25 to 6 years Class 6 felony with two or more prior felony convictions, involving intentional or knowing infliction of serious physical injury or discharge, use or threatening exhibition of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument

19. Examples of animal abusers- turned -human predators NAME ANIMAL ABUSE HUMAN ABUSE Ted Bundy Watched father and grandfather torture animals and later did so himself Believed to have killed more than 40 women Carroll Cole First known act of violence was strangling a puppy Killed 35 people Jeffrey Dahmer Killed cats and dogs then decapitated and hung their heads on stakes in his backyard; killed animals by car Killed 17 men Richard Davis Doused cats with gasoline and set them on fire Kidnapped, sexually assaulted and murdered 12-year-old Polly Klaas in 1993 Albert “the Boston Strangler” DeSalvo Trapped dogs and cats in crates and shot at the animals with arrows; would place a dog and a cat in a crate with a partition between them. After starving the animals for several days, he would remove the partition and watch them kill each other Raped and murdered 13 women Barry Herbeck Sodomized and killed five cats Convicted of child sexual assault Edmund Kempler Tortured dogs and cats Killed eight women, including his own mother Earl Shriner Hanged cats, stuck firecrackers up dogs’ anuses and slaughtered chickens Sentenced to 134 years for sexually mutilating a boy Brenda Spencer Tortured dogs and cats by setting their tails on fire Fired 40 shots into a group of schoolchildren