16. Low angle of incoming sunlight Sunlight strikes most directly Low angle of incoming sunlight Atmosphere 60°S South Pole Tropic of Capricorn 30°S 0° (equator) 30°N Tropic of Cancer North Pole 60°N
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18. June solstice (Northern Hemisphere tilts toward sun) March equinox (equator faces sun directly) December solstice (Northern Hemisphere tilts away from sun) Constant tilt of 23.5° September equinox
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20. Descending dry air absorbs moisture Trade winds Ascending moist air releases moisture Trade winds Descending dry air absorbs moisture Temperate zone Temperate zone Tropics Doldrums 0° 30° 23.5° 23.5° 30°
26. Greenland North America Europe Africa Gulf Stream Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean South America
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28. East Wind direction Pacific Ocean Coast Range Sierra Nevada Rain shadow Desert
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32. High water Low water Oarweed (to 2 m) Brain coral (to 1.8 m) Intertidal zone Continental shelf Benthic realm Photic zone Aphotic zone Pelagic realm Sea pen (to 45 cm) (seafloor) Brittle star (to 60 cm) Sponges (1 cm to 1 m) Phytoplankton Zooplankton Octopus (to 10 m) Sea spider (1 to 90 cm) Glass sponge (to 1.8 m) Sea cucumber (to 40 cm) Rat-tail fish (to 80 cm) Tripod fish (to 30 cm) Man-of-war (to 50 m) Blue shark (to 2 m) Turtle (60 to 180 cm) Sperm whale (10 to 20 m) Hatchet fish (2 to 60 cm) Gulper eel (to 180 cm) Anglerfish (45 cm to 2 m) 200 m “ Twilight” 1,000 to 4,000 m No light 6,000 to 10,000 m
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49. 30°N Tropic of Cancer 60°N Arctic circle Equator Tropic of Capricorn 30°S Tropical forest Savanna Desert Chaparral Temperate grassland Temperate broadleaf forest Coniferous forest Tundra High mountains Polar ice
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Notes de l'éditeur
Aerial view of a landscape changed by humans.
Rachel Carson.
Pronghorns ( Antilocapra americana ).
How solar radiation varies with latitude.
How Earth’s tilt causes the seasons.
How uneven heating causes rain and winds.
Prevailing wind patterns.
Atlantic Ocean currents (Red arrows indicate warming currents and blue arrows indicate cooling currents.)
How mountains affect rainfall (California).
Ocean life (zone depths and organisms not drawn to scale).
A coral reef with its immense variety of invertebrates and fishes.
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