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Resource efficiency and scarce natural resources
X. Edelmann, President World Resources Forum, Switzerland
National Resource Wisdom Forum 4.12.2013 Finlandia House, Helsinki
Resource efficiency and scarce natural resources
• Global Resource Use
• UNEP Decoupling Reports
– Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth
– City-level decoupling - urban resource flows and the governance of infrastructure transitions

• Sustainable Development in the City of St.Gallen, Switzerland
• World Resources Forum 2011 in Davos
• World Resources Forum in Beijing 2012
– Cities and Life Workshops in Hyderabat and at WRF 2012 In Beijing
– Resource Efficiency through Using Wood in Austrian Architecture

• World Resources Forum 2013 in Davos
– Urban Mining
– Koli Forum Workshop TOWARDS RESOURCE WISDOM

• World Resources Forum 2014 in Arequippa, Peru

2
Global resource use 1980-2020
90

Other minerals

R

3

70

Metal ores
Metalores

Chart Title

BRIICS
38%

5.8 billion tonnes

RoW

Biomass
+81%

50

Fossil energy
carriers
Energy carriers
5.8

Metal ores
10.6
3.7

40

8.2

BRIICS
35%

14.8

10.6 billion tonnes

30

+68%
16.4

20
1980

b

10

38%

+114%

0
1980

2002

2020

Source: Measuring Materials Flows and Resource Productivity, OECD 2008

16.4

billion tonnes

20

Energy carriers
5.8
Metal ores
10.6
2002
15.6

Chart Title
12.2

R

29%

BRIICS

35.1
14.8
15.6

20.5
2020RoW
19%

3.7

8.2

OECD

33%

Other minerals
Biomass
Biomass
22.9

14

20.5

11.2

12.2

38%

RoW

Chart Title
15.6

11

OECD

11.227%

Other minerals

60

30%

32%

Energy carriers
+200%

OECD

RoW

Biomass

80

billion tonnes

Chart Title

Non-metallic
Other minerals
mineralsc
22.9

Biomass

BRIICS
26%

OECD
55%

B

11.2
35.1
22.9

billion tonnes

35

14.8

Energy carriers
5.8
(a) Crude oil, coal, natural gas, peat; (b) Harvests from agriculture and forestry, marine catches, grazing; (c) Indust
1980
2002
2020
20.5
(d) Constant 1995 USD. * BRIICS = Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China ores
Metal and South Africa; RoW = Rest of the wo
10.6
Source: OECD, based on SERI (2006), MOSUS MFA database, Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Vienna, http://www.materialf
3.7
Notes:
World population 1400-2050
5231

3672
727

691

547

2050
9.2

1403

448

1950

314
172

2000 2050
Europe
1998

1950 2000 2050
North America
794

1950

729

2000
Asia

6.1

2050

227
1950

167

1987

5

519
2000 2050
Africa

13

31

51

4

1950 2000 2050
Southeast Asia

1950 2000 2050
South America

2000

2

3

1974

1960

1927

1
1804

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Highlights. New York: United Nations.

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

2050
Resources are getting scarce
• Physical limits
• Political risks

• Prices
• Environmental and health challenges

• Social limits
See Resource Snapshots at http://www.worldresourcesforum.org/resource-snapshots
Decoupling Approach

Source: Klaus Kögler, European Commission, Directorate General for the Environment

6
6
UNEP Reports
2011

2013
The global interrelation between
resource use and income (2000)
Brasil

UNEP (2011),
International Resource Panel:

Decoupling natural resource use
and environmental impacts from
economic growth
Lead Authors: Marina Fischer-Kowalski and Mark
Swilling
DR Congo

France

USA

South Africa
China
India

Finland

Switzerland
City-level Decoupling:

Urban Resource Flows and Governance
of Infrastructure Transitions.
Cities and natural resource use
• 80% of global GDP produced
on just 2% of the land surface.
• 60-80 % of global energy
consumption
• 75 % of carbon emissions

• More than 75 % of the world’s
natural resources
• Cities mainly depend on the
import of finite material
resources from outside their
boundaries.

A Sustainable economic development will depend
on DECOUPLING growth from escalating
resource use and ensuring equitable distribution
of the resulting benefits
Sustainable Development
in the City of St.Gallen
Energy concept 2050
Energy Future St.Gallen
• What do we have to do to live up to the needs of the
population in the year 2050? How can we satisfy the
needs in the fields electricity, heating and mobility in
a sustainable way?
• Howe do we reach the 2000 Watt society (today we
need 6000 Watt/person )?
• Were are the borders of efficiency? Where starts
sufficiency?
Objectives for 2050
•
•
•
•
•

80 percent of the buildings will be partially or totally energetically renewed
Oil and gas for electricity production instead of heating
Geothermal plant and long-distance heating
No more nuclear power by 2030
Photovoltaic, small hydropower plants (renewable energies) and waste
incineraton power plants
• Modal split moves towards more public and slow transport (by bike and on
foot)
• Private cars will be largely powered by hybrid and electrical motors
2011

WRF 2011: Questions dealt with:
- What Do We Need to Achieve?
- Should We Limit the Use of Resources?
- How Can International and National
Policies Establish a Resource Efficient
Green Economy?
- What Are Industry Solutions to Achieve a
Resource Efficient Green Economy?
- Where Do We All Go from Here?
Chairman’s statement WRF 2011 (Davos)
• Double resource productivity by 2020 and reach
fivefold increase by 2050
• Tax resources and pollution
• Support innovation
• Develop partnerships
• Implement performance measurement
• Safeguard transparency
• Explore driving forces of consumption
World Resources Forum 2012 Beijing

Resources and Green Economy
Workshops on Urban Eco-Efficiency and Biodiversity
Cities for Life Congress, Hyderabad, India, October 15, 2012
WRF 2012 Beijng, October, 21-23
Xaver Edelmann, World Resources Forum

Simian, an eco-city in China

Rui Zhang, China, Oliver Hillel, CBD
Sophia Picarelli, ICLEI , Sibylle Rock, José Bernal, Mexico City
Main Findings
City planning and management
Practical solutions
Make urban eco-efficiency measurable
Standardized sustainability indices
Sustainable production and consumption
Adequate communication
Cooperation between initiatives
Kansallinen resurssiviisaus -foorumi: Xaver Edelmann
Overall Conclusion WRF 2012, Beijing
Scarcity of resources, increasing prices,
and unsustainable use of resources
hinder economic development, lead to poverty and
social unrest and
pose risks for global stability.
Kansallinen resurssiviisaus -foorumi: Xaver Edelmann
Urban mining at WRF 2013

A ton of ore from a gold mine yields 5 grams of gold
A ton of cell phones can yield up to 150 grams of gold
TOWARDS RESOURCE WISDOM
-Conflict prevention, Bioeconomy growth, Governance –

World Resources Forum WS14
08.10.2013
KOLI FORUM – Forests and Water – the key resources for a sustainable and competitive
bioeconomy. Dr Liisa Tahvanainen, Secretary General, Koli Forum

Innovation to face climate change challenges:
North Karelia – Fossil Oil Free Region in 2030. Dr Pauliina Korhonen, Senior Coordinator, Koli Forum
Towards Resource Wisdom. Dr Jukka Noponen, Director, Finnish Innovation Fund SITRA
Discussion
Chairman’s Statements WRF 2013 in Davos
Annual report on resource efficiency by countries;
Urgent boost of investments in resource productivity,
alternative materials substituting fossil fuels, metals and
minerals;
Tax non-renewables;
Social sciences and humanities have an important role to play;
Empowering young consumers through formal and informal
education.
WRF Outlook
• Next flagship event in Arequipa, Peru October 19 – 22, 2014
• Key Topics
 Decoupling Economic Growth & Natural
Resources Use
 Innovative Resource Efficiency
 Policies & Stakeholders Participation
 Low Carbon Industries & Cities
 Measuring Progress – Targets and
Indicators for Resource Efficiency
Visit WRF online

Downloads
www.worldresourcesforum.org
info@worldresourcesforum.org
Thank you for your attention

www.worldresourcesforum.org

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Kansallinen resurssiviisaus -foorumi: Xaver Edelmann

  • 1. Resource efficiency and scarce natural resources X. Edelmann, President World Resources Forum, Switzerland National Resource Wisdom Forum 4.12.2013 Finlandia House, Helsinki
  • 2. Resource efficiency and scarce natural resources • Global Resource Use • UNEP Decoupling Reports – Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth – City-level decoupling - urban resource flows and the governance of infrastructure transitions • Sustainable Development in the City of St.Gallen, Switzerland • World Resources Forum 2011 in Davos • World Resources Forum in Beijing 2012 – Cities and Life Workshops in Hyderabat and at WRF 2012 In Beijing – Resource Efficiency through Using Wood in Austrian Architecture • World Resources Forum 2013 in Davos – Urban Mining – Koli Forum Workshop TOWARDS RESOURCE WISDOM • World Resources Forum 2014 in Arequippa, Peru 2
  • 3. Global resource use 1980-2020 90 Other minerals R 3 70 Metal ores Metalores Chart Title BRIICS 38% 5.8 billion tonnes RoW Biomass +81% 50 Fossil energy carriers Energy carriers 5.8 Metal ores 10.6 3.7 40 8.2 BRIICS 35% 14.8 10.6 billion tonnes 30 +68% 16.4 20 1980 b 10 38% +114% 0 1980 2002 2020 Source: Measuring Materials Flows and Resource Productivity, OECD 2008 16.4 billion tonnes 20 Energy carriers 5.8 Metal ores 10.6 2002 15.6 Chart Title 12.2 R 29% BRIICS 35.1 14.8 15.6 20.5 2020RoW 19% 3.7 8.2 OECD 33% Other minerals Biomass Biomass 22.9 14 20.5 11.2 12.2 38% RoW Chart Title 15.6 11 OECD 11.227% Other minerals 60 30% 32% Energy carriers +200% OECD RoW Biomass 80 billion tonnes Chart Title Non-metallic Other minerals mineralsc 22.9 Biomass BRIICS 26% OECD 55% B 11.2 35.1 22.9 billion tonnes 35 14.8 Energy carriers 5.8 (a) Crude oil, coal, natural gas, peat; (b) Harvests from agriculture and forestry, marine catches, grazing; (c) Indust 1980 2002 2020 20.5 (d) Constant 1995 USD. * BRIICS = Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China ores Metal and South Africa; RoW = Rest of the wo 10.6 Source: OECD, based on SERI (2006), MOSUS MFA database, Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Vienna, http://www.materialf 3.7 Notes:
  • 4. World population 1400-2050 5231 3672 727 691 547 2050 9.2 1403 448 1950 314 172 2000 2050 Europe 1998 1950 2000 2050 North America 794 1950 729 2000 Asia 6.1 2050 227 1950 167 1987 5 519 2000 2050 Africa 13 31 51 4 1950 2000 2050 Southeast Asia 1950 2000 2050 South America 2000 2 3 1974 1960 1927 1 1804 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Highlights. New York: United Nations. 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
  • 5. Resources are getting scarce • Physical limits • Political risks • Prices • Environmental and health challenges • Social limits See Resource Snapshots at http://www.worldresourcesforum.org/resource-snapshots
  • 6. Decoupling Approach Source: Klaus Kögler, European Commission, Directorate General for the Environment 6 6
  • 8. The global interrelation between resource use and income (2000) Brasil UNEP (2011), International Resource Panel: Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth Lead Authors: Marina Fischer-Kowalski and Mark Swilling DR Congo France USA South Africa China India Finland Switzerland
  • 9. City-level Decoupling: Urban Resource Flows and Governance of Infrastructure Transitions.
  • 10. Cities and natural resource use • 80% of global GDP produced on just 2% of the land surface. • 60-80 % of global energy consumption • 75 % of carbon emissions • More than 75 % of the world’s natural resources • Cities mainly depend on the import of finite material resources from outside their boundaries. A Sustainable economic development will depend on DECOUPLING growth from escalating resource use and ensuring equitable distribution of the resulting benefits
  • 11. Sustainable Development in the City of St.Gallen Energy concept 2050
  • 12. Energy Future St.Gallen • What do we have to do to live up to the needs of the population in the year 2050? How can we satisfy the needs in the fields electricity, heating and mobility in a sustainable way? • Howe do we reach the 2000 Watt society (today we need 6000 Watt/person )? • Were are the borders of efficiency? Where starts sufficiency?
  • 13. Objectives for 2050 • • • • • 80 percent of the buildings will be partially or totally energetically renewed Oil and gas for electricity production instead of heating Geothermal plant and long-distance heating No more nuclear power by 2030 Photovoltaic, small hydropower plants (renewable energies) and waste incineraton power plants • Modal split moves towards more public and slow transport (by bike and on foot) • Private cars will be largely powered by hybrid and electrical motors
  • 14. 2011 WRF 2011: Questions dealt with: - What Do We Need to Achieve? - Should We Limit the Use of Resources? - How Can International and National Policies Establish a Resource Efficient Green Economy? - What Are Industry Solutions to Achieve a Resource Efficient Green Economy? - Where Do We All Go from Here?
  • 15. Chairman’s statement WRF 2011 (Davos) • Double resource productivity by 2020 and reach fivefold increase by 2050 • Tax resources and pollution • Support innovation • Develop partnerships • Implement performance measurement • Safeguard transparency • Explore driving forces of consumption
  • 16. World Resources Forum 2012 Beijing Resources and Green Economy
  • 17. Workshops on Urban Eco-Efficiency and Biodiversity Cities for Life Congress, Hyderabad, India, October 15, 2012 WRF 2012 Beijng, October, 21-23 Xaver Edelmann, World Resources Forum Simian, an eco-city in China Rui Zhang, China, Oliver Hillel, CBD Sophia Picarelli, ICLEI , Sibylle Rock, José Bernal, Mexico City Main Findings City planning and management Practical solutions Make urban eco-efficiency measurable Standardized sustainability indices Sustainable production and consumption Adequate communication Cooperation between initiatives
  • 19. Overall Conclusion WRF 2012, Beijing Scarcity of resources, increasing prices, and unsustainable use of resources hinder economic development, lead to poverty and social unrest and pose risks for global stability.
  • 21. Urban mining at WRF 2013 A ton of ore from a gold mine yields 5 grams of gold A ton of cell phones can yield up to 150 grams of gold
  • 22. TOWARDS RESOURCE WISDOM -Conflict prevention, Bioeconomy growth, Governance – World Resources Forum WS14 08.10.2013 KOLI FORUM – Forests and Water – the key resources for a sustainable and competitive bioeconomy. Dr Liisa Tahvanainen, Secretary General, Koli Forum Innovation to face climate change challenges: North Karelia – Fossil Oil Free Region in 2030. Dr Pauliina Korhonen, Senior Coordinator, Koli Forum Towards Resource Wisdom. Dr Jukka Noponen, Director, Finnish Innovation Fund SITRA Discussion
  • 23. Chairman’s Statements WRF 2013 in Davos Annual report on resource efficiency by countries; Urgent boost of investments in resource productivity, alternative materials substituting fossil fuels, metals and minerals; Tax non-renewables; Social sciences and humanities have an important role to play; Empowering young consumers through formal and informal education.
  • 24. WRF Outlook • Next flagship event in Arequipa, Peru October 19 – 22, 2014 • Key Topics  Decoupling Economic Growth & Natural Resources Use  Innovative Resource Efficiency  Policies & Stakeholders Participation  Low Carbon Industries & Cities  Measuring Progress – Targets and Indicators for Resource Efficiency
  • 26. Thank you for your attention www.worldresourcesforum.org