The document discusses the sentence and utterance as linguistic units. It defines the sentence as an abstract theoretical unit that expresses predication, while the utterance is the actual use of a sentence in speech. It also describes the main categories of the utterance based on its informative structure, including the theme (given information) and rheme (new information). Finally, it discusses textual deixis and how deictic markers help locate elements in a text relative to the speaker, addressee, time, and place.

1. THE SENTENCE AND THE UTTERANCE The sentence. Different approaches to the study of the sentence. The utterance. Informative structure of the utterance. Functional typology of utterances.