2. Definition Of Management
Mary Parker defines the term Management as
“ the art of getting things done through others ”.
George R.Tery Defines management as a process
“ Consisting of planning ,organizing ,actuating
and controlling , performed to determine and
accomplish the objectives by the use of people and
resources ” .
3. Definition Of Management
Ivancerich Donnelly and Gibson defines the term management as
“The process undertaken by one or more persons to coordinate the
activities of other persons to achieve results not attainable by any one
persons acting alone.”
John A .Pearce
John A .Pearce and Richard B Robinson defines
“ Management is the process of optimizing
human ,material and financial contributions for
the achievement of organizational goals.”
Richard B Robinson
4. Definition Of Management
According to Harold Koontz & Weihrich
“ Management is the process of designing and
maintaining an environment in which individuals
working together in groups ,efficiently accomplish
selected aims”.
Harold Koontz Weihrich
5. Analysis of above definition provides the
following aspects of management
The purpose of management is to formulate effective ( right )
organisational strategies and to achieve them effectively
(productively ) based on the missions objectives and goals.
Management deals with both internal and external
environment
Management is concerned with all kinds of resources
viz.,human ,financial ,material ,machines , technology and
technical know-how.
Management functions include : Planning,organising
,directing and controlling.
6. Analysis of above definition
Managers should possess varied skills in order to play a variety of roles.
It applies to managers at all levels in a organisation.
Management is applicable to all kinds of organisations i.e. both profit and
non-profit oriented organisations .
Management vs. Administration.
Management is both an art and a science in order to create a surplus .
Management needs to be a profession to achieve goals continuously with
an incremental efficiency
7. Managements Roles
Based on a study, Henry Mintzberg
concluded that managers performed 10
different roles. These ten roles can be
grouped into:
1. Interpersonal Roles
2. Informational Roles
3. Decisional Roles
9. Interpersonal Roles
Role Description Examples
Figurehead Managers perform the duties
of a ceremonial nature as
head in an organization , a
strategic business unit or
department
Ceremonies status
Leader Responsible for the motivation
and direction of subordinates
Virtually all managerial
activities involving
subordinates.
Liaison Maintains a network of outside
contacts who provide favors
and information
Acknowledgment of mail
external board work
10. Informational Roles
Role Description Examples
Monitor Receives wide variety of
information; serves as nerve
center of internal and external
information of the
organization
Handing all mail and
contacts categorized as
concerned primarily with
receiving information
Disseminator Transmits information
received from outsiders or
other subordinates to
members of the organization
Forwarding mail into an
organization for
information purposes;
verbal contacts involving
information flow to
subordinates such as
review sessions
Spokesperson Transmits information to
outsiders on organizations
plans, policies, actions, and
results; serves as expert on
organization’s industry
Board meeting; handling
contacts involving
transmission of
information to outsiders
11. Decisional Roles
Role Description Examples
Entrepreneur Searches organization and its
environment for opportunities
and initiates projects to bring
about change
Strategy and review
sessions involving initiation
or design of improvement
projects
Disturbance
handler
Responsible for corrective
action when organization faces
important, unexpected
disturbances
Strategy and review
sessions involving
disturbances and crises
Resource
allocator
Making or approving significant
organizational decisions
Scheduling ; requests for
authorization; budgeting,
the programming of
subordinates work
Negotiator Responsible for representing
the organization at major
negotiations
Contract negotiation
12. Management Skills
TECHNICAL SKILLS The ability to apply
specialized knowledge
expertise.
HUMAN SKILLS The ability to work with,
understand, and motivate
other people both
individually and in group
CONCEPTUAL SKILLS The mental ability to
analyze and diagnose
complex situations.
15. Management as an art
Mary Parker Follet ,Harold Koontz and several others
management authors called management “ as an art of
getting things done through people”
Art refers to creative skills and talent which people
require to conduct certain activities effectively .
Art is an inborn talent .However it can be refined
through learning and practice.
18. Management as Science
Science is a systematic body of knowledge which is universally accepted .
F.W.Taylor father of scientific management was perhaps the first person to
consider management as a science
He was of the opinion that management should conduct their business
affairs by following certain well established standards.
Science can be broadly divided into two groups :
Physical sciences.
Social sciences.
19. Physical Sciences like physics , chemistry and Mathematics
are exact and accurate ,whereas social sciences are not exact
and accurate as they deal with human beings.
Management is a social science because it deals with human
beings .Since human nature cannot be predicted with
accuracy ,the decisions taken in management may just be one
way of doing things in a given situation and not the only way
of doing things.
20. Frederick W.Taylor’s
Principle of Scientific Management
Managers must study the way that workers perform their tasks
and understand the job knowledge ( formal and informal ) that
workers have, and then find ways to improve how tasks are
performed .
Managers must codify new methods of performing tasks into
written work rules and standard operating procedures.
21. Managers should hire workers who have skills and abilities needed for
the tasks to be completed and should train them to perform the tasks
according to the established procedures.
Managers must establish a level of performance for the task that is
acceptable and fair and should link it to a pay system that rewards
workers who perform above the acceptable level.
22. Comparison of Management as
An art
Based on practice
and creativity
It is a theoretical body
of knowledge
Has personalized
application.
A Science
Based on
experimentation.
It is a systematized
body of knowledge .
Has a universal
application .