1. Web Accessibility 25-26 September, 2009 -Srinivasu

2. Agenda What’s Disability? World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) W3Cs Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 Introduction Assistive Technologies Building Accessible Websites Guideline 1 – Perceivable Guideline 2 – Operable Guideline 3 – Understandable Guideline 4 – Robust Accessibility Testing

3. What’s Disability Situational Disability Reaching late to venue… Traffic in city Oops! My mouse stopped working, what do I do? Text is too small on this webpage, how do I read this? Functional Disability Visually impaired Mobility impaired Hard of hearing Learning disability Autism, Cerebral Palsy

4. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Develops interoperable technologies Specifications Guidelines Software Tools Why would they do it? To lead web to its potential and for consistency on web…

5. W3C’s WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) WAI develops... Guidelines widely considered as the international standard for Web accessibility Support materials to help understand and implement Web accessibility WAI welcomes... Participation from around the world Volunteers to review, implement, and promote guidelines Dedicated participants in working groups

6. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 WCAG 2.0 has evolved over years based on feedback and recommendation. It defines how to make web content more accessible. Currently WCAG 2.0 is official recommendation http://www.w3.org/tr/wcag20

7. Assistive Technologies Screen Magnifier Screen Reader Speech Recognition Refreshable Braille Text Browsers Large keyboard Mouse substitute such as a joystick, a trackball, on-screen keyboard. Scanning Software Speech Synthesis Some Pictures

8. Building Accessible Websites Laying Accessibility Foundation Table-less layouts – easy to manage, avoid problems for screen readers Structured mark-up – Need for Search Engines, better access to assistive technologies Valid code – Assistive Technologies completely rely on your code, if you mess-up, those users will hate you

9. Guideline 1: Perception Non-text content Images – provide alt / long desc attribute CAPTCHA – provide alternate in audio CAPTCHA or use CAPTCHA based on logical questions

10. Guideline 1: Perceivable – contd., Audio / Visual Content – provide closed captions Adaptability – should be fleixible. User should be able to use their own style sheets Contrast – ensure that foreground and background will have sufficient contrast

11. Guideline 2: Operable Keyboard access – all information and functionality should be available to access via keyboard including: Links Headings Form fields Lists Tables

12. Guideline 2: Operable – contd., Enough time – User should have sufficient time to read and interact with content. If content is time-based, same should be notified prior to the session and user should be given an option to extend time limit unless time limit is mandatory. Seizures – seizures should generally be avoided as far as possible Navigable – Web page should be easily navigable by any input device including assistive technologies

13. Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) ARIA is WAI Recommendation http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php WAI-ARIA, the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Suite, defines a way to make Web content and Web applications more accessible to people with disabilities. It especially helps with dynamic content and advanced user interface controls developed with Ajax, HTML, JavaScript, and related technologies.

14. Guideline 3: Understandable Use of Natural Language – unless a specific terminology is required Predictable – User should be able to predict the result upon his action Input assistance – provide adequate help for user to interact with forms etc.

15. Guideline 4: Robust Compatibility with latest technologies and support for assistive technologies Add Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) support for RIA such as AJAX based applications Alert Landmark etc…

16. Accessibility Testing + Manual Testing (Eg: Screen Reader) Automated Tools (Eg: Wave/ FAE) = Accessibility Testing

17. Accessibility Testing - Automated WAVE – http://wave.webaim.org/toolbar Firefox Accessibility extension Add-ons of Mozilla Firefox https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/search?q=accessibility&cat=all

18. Accessibility Testing – Manual Screen Readers NVDA – http://www.nvda-project.org JAWS for Windows – http://www.freedomscientific.com Screen Magnifiers ZoomTextXtra – http://www.aisquared.com Dolphin Supernova – http://www.yourdolphin.com Alternate Input devices – Track ball and switch – http://www.ablenetinc.com Dragon Naturally Speaking http://www.nuance.com Talks – a screen reader for mobile S60 phones http://www.nuance.com/talks/

19. Thank You