Tutorial Linked APIs

Winter School on Knowledge Technologies for Complex Business Environments Linked Data and APIs Session 2: Linked APIs Steffen Stadtmüller, AIFB, KSRI, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, DE Ljubljana, SLO, December 1 st , 2011

Attribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation: Linked Open Data 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation: Dynamic Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation: Triggering Functionalities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 http://programmableweb.com 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation: Triggering Functionalities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 http://programmableweb.com 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Motivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Manually drafted glue code 12/02/11 Linked APIs Structured Semantic description Structured Semantic description Structured Semantic description

HTTP and REST ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

HTTP Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

HTTP Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Linked APIs

HTTP conneg and Linked Data URI Lookup ,[object Object],[object Object],HTTP GET http://dbpedia.org/resource/India Accept: text/N3 Client Web Server 303 (see other) http://dbpedia.org/data/india.n3 12/02/11 Linked APIs

HTTP conneg and Linked Data URI Lookup ,[object Object],[object Object],HTTP GET http://dbpedia.org/resource/India Accept: text/html Client Web Server 303 (see other) http://dbpedia.org/page/india 12/02/11 Linked APIs

REST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Design guidelines ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Linked APIs (LAPIS) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],… aim to promote a scalable and efficient style of APIs, by bringing together: 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Linked APIs Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 4 12/02/11 Linked APIs

API Descriptions ,[object Object],12/02/11 1 Describe API input and output as SPARQL graph patterns Linked APIs

Linked API Description ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API resource URI ,[object Object],12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ,[object Object],Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API I/O Description ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y. ,[object Object],In: Out: Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Description ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age. ?pic foaf:depicts ?y. ,[object Object],In: Out: sn:getFriends rdf:type msm:Service; sawsdl:modelReference [a msm:Precondition; rdf:value ” {?x a foaf:Person … } ” ], [a msm:Postcondition; rdf:value ” { ?x foaf:knows ?y … } ” ]. Embedded in RDF description Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Description ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 ,[object Object],http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends/description HTTP GET Accept: text/N3 200 (ok) HTTP GET Accept: text/N3 303* (see other) * optional http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends sn:getFriends rdf:type msm:Service; sawsdl:modelReference [a msm:Precondition; rdf:value ” {?x a foaf:Person … } ” ], [a msm:Postcondition; rdf:value ” { ?x foaf:knows ?y … } ” ]. Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

API Interaction ,[object Object],12/02/11 2 Communicate RDF by RESTful content negotiation Linked APIs

Linked API interaction ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In: Out: ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Günter. http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST Response match match 12/02/11 Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Interaction 12/02/11 ,[object Object],ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen sn:id “ 12345 ” . ex:Marko a foaf:Person. ex:Marko sn:id “ xyz ” . http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: match Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Interaction 12/02/11 ,[object Object],ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen sn:id “ 12345 ” . ex:Marko a foaf:Person. ex:Marko sn:id “ xyz ” . ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Günter. ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Roland. ex:Roland foaf:age “ 27 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Roland. ex:Marko foaf:knows ex:Steffen. ... http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST Response ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Interaction 12/02/11 ,[object Object],ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: no hit Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Interaction ,[object Object],12/02/11 ,[object Object],ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen foaf:age “ 27 ” . ex:Steffen sn:id “ 12345 ” . http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Linked API Interaction ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Günter. ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Roland. ex:Roland foaf:age “ 27 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Roland. ex:Roland foaf:based_near “ Karlsruhe ” . http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends Response ,[object Object],[object Object],?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y OPTIONAL (?y foaf:based_near ?loc) Out: 12/02/11 Linked APIs Linked APi Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Interlinking Data Sets with dynamic LAPIS data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Example: enriching CRM information 12/02/11 Linked APIs CRM Application Customers #34 John Doe Address #35 Steffen Stadtmüller Address #36 Jane Doe Address #37 …. Roland Stühmer #12 Günter Ladwig - known relations: static data dynamic data ?

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call 12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ,[object Object],[object Object],?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call 12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?x= “ ex:Steffen ” &id=abcde ,[object Object],HTTP GET ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: When the URI is called (via HTTP GET), the values are bound to the corresponding variables in the pattern, and valid input is created. extend with k/v Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call 12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?x= “ ex:Steffen ” &id=abcde ,[object Object],HTTP GET ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . extend with k/v ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. In: Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ,[object Object],ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Günter. Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ,[object Object],http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?id=abcde HTTP GET extend with k/v ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id . In: 12/02/11 Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call http:/linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends ,[object Object],http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?id=abcde HTTP GET extend with k/v <http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?id=abcde#person> foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . <http://...> foaf:depicts ex:Günter. Response 12/02/11 Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Example: enriching CRM information static data ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen owl:sameAs < http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?id=abcde#person> . HTTP GET 12/02/11 Linked APIs CRM Application Customers #34 John Doe Address #35 Steffen Stadtmüller Address #36 Jane Doe Address #37 …. Roland Stühmer #12 Günter Ladwig - known relations: dynamic data

LAPIS URIs to identify an API call 12/02/11 ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age. ,[object Object],[object Object],Out: ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Günter foaf:age “ 29 ” . ex:Steffen owl:sameAs < http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends?id=abcde#person> . http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP POST Response match Linked APIs Linked API Pattern Pattern Description (RDF+SPARQL) RDF in RDF out match match

Semantics ,[object Object],12/02/11 3 The output should make explicit its relation with the input . Linked APIs

Looking at semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/sawsdl/ Service Description Input: String Output: String, Integer 12/02/11 Linked APIs know Person Name Age ... Ontology has

Looking at semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y In: Out: 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Looking at semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y. ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y In: Out: „ The API will provide age and picture of someone X knows “ 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Looking at semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?y foaf:knows ?x . ?y foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?y In: Out: „ The API will provide age and picture of someone who knows X “ 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Looking at semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?x foaf:knows ?y . ?x foaf:age ?age ?pic foaf:depicts ?x In: Out: „ The API will provide age and picture of X and someone he knows “ 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Leveraging the cloud to understand the API ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],API A Output: ?x movie:actor ?y . API B Input: ?q a foaf:Person . HTTP GET movie:actor rdfs:range foaf:Person. 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Wrapping techniques ,[object Object],12/02/11 4 Make the lifting/mapping open as SPARQL CONSTRUCT queries Linked APIs

Wrapping legacy APIs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Wrapping legacy APIs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends HTTP GET / POST Response lowering lifting Linked APIs

Calling a LAPIS wrapper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 http://legacy.org/API/getFriends/Karlsruhe/abcde/ fixed endpoint variable part Linked APIs

Calling a LAPIS wrapper ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:based_near “ Karlsruhe ” . SELECT ?loc ?user WHERE { ?so sn:id ?user ?so foaf:based_near ?loc } API Endpoint URI Karlsruhe, abcde http://legacy.org/API/getFriends/Karlsruhe/abcde/ HTTP POST Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 1 Javascript Object Notation: http://json.org { „ Person “: { „ firstName “ : „Günter“, „ lastName “ : „Ladwig“, „ Age : 29, „ lives “: „Karlsruhe“ } „ Person “: { „ firstName “ : „Roland“, „ lastName “ : „Stühmer“, „ Age : 27, „ lives “: „Karlsruhe“ } } <xml> <Person> <firstName>Günter</firstName> <lastName>Ladwig</lastName> <Age>29</Age> <lives>Karlsruhe</lives> </Person> <Person> <firstName>Roland</firstName> <lastName>Stühmer</lastName> <Age>27</Age> <lives>Karlsruhe</lives> </Person> </xml> Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],JSON/XML Person Person Karlsuhe Günter Ladwig 29 Roland ... A tree is also a graph! 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],{ „ Person “: { „ firstName “ : „Günter“, „ lastName “ : „Ladwig“, „ Age : 29, „ lives “: „Karlsruhe“ } „ Person “: { „ firstName “ : „Roland“, „ lastName “ : „Stühmer“, „ Age : 27, „ lives “: „Karlsruhe“ } } @prefix temp: <http://linkedapi.org/dummy#>. _:root temp:Person _:a. _:a temp:firstName „Günter “. _:a temp:lastName „Ladwig “. _:a temp:Age „29 “. _:a temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. _:root temp:Person _:b. _:b temp:firstName „Roland “. _:b temp:lastName „Stühmer “. _:b temp:Age „27 “. _:b temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. json2rdf 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],_:root temp:Person _:a. _:a temp:firstName „Günter “. _:a temp:lastName „Ladwig “. _:a temp:Age „29 “. _:a temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. _:root temp:Person _:b. _:b temp:firstName „Roland “. _:b temp:lastName „Stühmer “. _:b temp:Age „27 “. _:b temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:based_near “ Karlsruhe ” . ,[object Object],[object Object],CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:knows ?q. ?q foaf:givenName ?gn. ?q foaf:familyName ?fn. ?q foaf:age ?age. ?q foaf:based_near ?loc. } WHERE { ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?r temp:Person ?y. ?y temp:firstName ?gn. ?y temp:lastName ?fn. ?y temp:Age ?age. ?y temp:lives ?loc. BIND( URI( CONCAT(„http://... “, ?gn)) AS ?q) } 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],_:root temp:Person _:a. _:a temp:firstName „Günter “. _:a temp:lastName „Ladwig “. _:a temp:Age „28 “. _:a temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. _:root temp:Person _:b. _:b temp:firstName „Roland “. _:b temp:lastName „Stühmer “. _:b temp:Age „27 “. _:b temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:based_near “ Karlsruhe ” . CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:knows ?q. ?q foaf:givenName ?gn. ?q foaf:familyName ?fn. ?q foaf:age ?age. ?q foaf:based_near ?loc. } WHERE { ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?r temp:Person ?y. ?y temp:firstName ?gn. ?y temp:lastName ?fn. ?y temp:Age ?age. ?y temp:lives ?loc. BIND( URI( CONCAT(„http://... “, ?gn)) AS ?q) } ,[object Object],[object Object],BIND(URI(CONCAT(„http://example.org/people# “, ?gn)) AS ?q) BIND(URI( „http://example.org/people#Roland “) AS ?q) BIND( <http://example.org/people#Roland> AS ?q) „ Roland “ 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Building the response ,[object Object],_:root temp:Person _:a. _:a temp:firstName „Günter “. _:a temp:lastName „Ladwig “. _:a temp:Age „28 “. _:a temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. _:root temp:Person _:b. _:b temp:firstName „Roland “. _:b temp:lastName „Stühmer “. _:b temp:Age „27 “. _:b temp:lives „Karlsruhe “. ex:Steffen a foaf:Person. ex:Steffen sn:id “ abcde ” . ex:Steffen foaf:based_near “ Karlsruhe ” . CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:knows ?q. ?q foaf:givenName ?gn. ?q foaf:familyName ?fn. ?q foaf:age ?age. ?q foaf:based_near ?loc. } WHERE { ?x a foaf:Person. ?x sn:id ?id. ?r temp:Person ?y. ?y temp:firstName ?gn. ?y temp:lastName ?fn. ?y temp:Age ?age. ?y temp:lives ?loc. BIND( URI( CONCAT(„http://... “, ?gn)) AS ?q) } ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Günter. ex:Steffen foaf:knows ex:Roland. ex:Günter foaf:givenName „Günter “. ex:Günter foaf:familyName „Ladwig “. ex:Günter foaf:age „29 “. ex:Günter foaf:based_near „Karlsruhe “. ex:Roland foaf:givenName „Roland “. ex:Roland foaf:familyName „Stühmer “. ex:Roland foaf:age „27 “. ex:Roland foaf:based_near „Karlsruhe “. 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Publish Lowering and Lifting Information ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked API Web service function ‘ Lifting ’ ‘ Lowering ’ RDF in RDF out What is the semantic behind the parameters that have to be used to call the service/API? What is the semantic behind the data the service/API replies to a request? Linked APIs

Publish Lowering and Lifting Information ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 sn:getFriends a msm:Service; sn:getFriends sawsdl:modelReference _:pre. _:pre a msm:Precondition. _:pre rdf:value ” {?x a foaf:Person … } ” . sn:getFriends sawsdl:modelReference _:post. _:post a msm:Postcondition; _:post rdf:value ” { ?x foaf:knows ?y ... } ” . sn:getFriends sawsdl:loweringSchemaMapping <http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends/lowerig.sparql>. sn:getFriends sawsdl:liftingSchemaMapping <http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends/lifting.sparql>. Linked APIs

Publish Lowering and Lifting Information ,[object Object],[object Object],sn:getFriends a msm:Service; sn:getFriends sawsdl:modelReference _:pre. _:pre a msm:Precondition. _:pre rdf:value ” {?x a foaf:Person … } ” . sn:getFriends sawsdl:modelReference _:post. _:post a msm:Postcondition; _:post rdf:value ” { ?x foaf:knows ?y ... } ” . sn:getFriends sawsdl:loweringSchemaMapping <http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends/lowerig.sparql>. sn:getFriends sawsdl:liftingSchemaMapping <http://linkedapi.org/sn/getFriends/lifting.sparql>. 12/02/11 CONSTRUCT { ?x foaf:knows ?q. ?q foaf:givenName ?gn. ?q foaf:familyName ?fn. ?q foaf:age ?age. ?q foaf:based_near ?loc. } WHERE { ?x a foaf:Person ... } SELECT ?loc ?user WHERE { ?so sn:id ?user ?so foaf:based_near ?loc } HTTP GET HTTP GET Linked APIs

Real World Examples ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Real World Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Bing2RDF Web Form ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Bing2RDF HTML Result ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Use of another client ,[object Object],[object Object],Linked APIs 12/02/11

Related Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Linked APIs 12/02/11

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Linked APIs 12/02/11

[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Discovery of LAPIS ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

The Idea: Linked APIs in the Cloud ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],{?me a foaf:Person} {?me foaf:knows ?x} 12/02/11 Linked APIs Input: Output:

Discovery of Linked APIs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Templates 12/02/11 Linked APIs Input Output

Discovery as Graph Pattern Containment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Discovery as Graph Pattern Containment Template: API Description: 12/02/11 Linked APIs { ?me a foaf:Person ; sn:id ?uid . } { ?me foaf:knows [a foaf:person; foaf:name ?name; foaf:age ?age; foaf:openid ?oid] . } Input : Output : psr rsr dpc Input 0.5 1.0 NO Output 1.0 1.0 YES {?me a foaf:Person.} {?me foaf:knows [a foaf:Person; foaf:name ?name; foaf:age ?age] . } Input: Output:

What about scalability? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 https://hadoop.apache.org 12/02/11 Linked APIs

Evaluation ,[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Evaluation seconds nodes 12/02/11 Linked APIs Nodes sec mean (sec) standard deviation standard error 1 1. run 394 394.5 1.0 0.7 2. run 395 2 1. run 223 221 3.0 2.1 2. run 219 5 1. run 120 122 2.4 1.7 2. run 124 8 1. run 121 119 3.2 2.2 2. run 117 10 1. run 81 81.5 0.5 0.4 2. run 82

Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],12/02/11 Linked APIs

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