1. PLURALISING PROGRESS?
Civil Society and the Direction of Innovation
Keynote presentation to conference on
Science and the Public in Decision-Making Processes,
Prague, 25th October 2012
Andy Stirling
SPRU & STEPS Centre

2. Mainstream Innovation Policy
“you can’t stop progress” …
- The Economist
PROGRESS
“we'll restore science to its rightful place”…
` - President Obama
“Our hope … relies on scientific and
technological progress” - Premier Wen Jiabao
“One can not impede scientific progress.”
- President Ahmadinejad
TECHNOLOGY
all innovation is progress…
Lisbon Strategy for: “pro-innovation action”
- EU Council of Ministers
“we need more pro-innovation policies”
- PM Gordon Brown
“… the Government’s strategy is …
SCIENCE
pro-innovation” - PM David Cameron

3. The One-Track, Hard-Wired Innovation Race
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Lord Alec Broers, President, RAEng The challenge of government:
…“history is a race to “to strive to stay
advance technology” in the race”…
Technology: The role of the public:
“will determine the future “to give technology
of the human race’” the status it deserves”…

4. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no
alternatives… no politics … no choice
!

5. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast? … who leads?

6. Conventional Innovation Policy
PROGRESS
TECHNOLOGY
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast?’ … who leads?
Seriously neglects questions over: which way? …what alternatives?
says who? …why?

7. The Sustainability Transition?
PRESUMED
SINGULAR
TRANSITION
SUSTAINABILITY
SCIENCE
Treats innovation as homogeneous: no distinctions … no alternatives …
no politics … no choice !
Scope for debate restricted to: yes or no? … how much?
how fast?’ … who leads?
Seriously neglects questions over: which way? …what alternatives?
says who? …why?

8. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Constituted by institutions, practices, discourses, imaginations…
For instance... “sustainable energy”
knowledges of many kinds … as well as science and technology
BUT: not all that is conceivable, feasible, viable – will be fully realisable

9. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
social shaping (Bijker, 85) co-construction (Misa, 03)
studies: expectations (Brown, 03) imaginations (Jasanoff, 05)

10. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
history: contingency (Mokyr, 92) momentum (Hughes 83)
path-dependence (David, 85) path creation
(Karnoe, 01)

11. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
philosophy: autonomy (Winner, 77) closure (Feenberg, 91)
/politics entrapment (Walker, 01) alignment (Geels, 02)

12. Innovation as Branching Social Pathways
Intended and unintended processes and power ‘close down’ pathways
economics: homeostasis (Sahal, 85) lock-in (Arthur, 89)
regimes (Nelson & Winter, 77) trajectories (Dosi,
82)

13. Civil Society Sustains Excluded Pathways
Relative freedom from market and state structures retains diversity
values, visions, knowledges, interests, practices, lifestyles, behaviours…

14. Policy Knowledge as ‘Sound Science’
on public health:
“… sound science…science-based decisions”
- UN WHO DG Margaret Chan
on genetic modification:
“… this government's approach is to make
decisions … on the basis of sound science”
- former UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair
on chemicals:
“ …sound science will be the basis of the
Commission's legislative proposal…”
- EC RTD Commissioner, Philippe Busquin
on energy:
“[n]ow is the right time for a cool-headed,
evidence based assessment … I want to
sweep away historic prejudice and put in its
place evidence and science”
former UK Energy Minister Malcolm Wicks
Justification: from political ‘problems’ to technical ‘puzzles’

15. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…

16. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
coal
oil
gas
nuclear
hydro
wind
solar
biomass
0.001 0.1 10 1000
low RISK high externality’: cUS/kWh (after Sundqvist et al, 2005)

17. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
n=
coal
oil
gas
minimum 25% 75% maximum
nuclear 21
hydro
wind
solar
biomass
0.001 0.1 10 1000
low RISK high ‘externality’: cUS/kWh (after Sundqvist et al, 2005)

18. Hidden Ambiguities in ‘Sound Science’
Energy technologies: mature, sophisticated comparative analysis…
n=
coal 36
oil 20
gas 31
nuclear 21
hydro 16
wind 18
solar 11
biomass 22

19. Closing Down Policy Knowledge
contrasting aspects of ‘incertitude’
unproblematic RISK
engineered components
closed deterministic
systems high frequency
knowledge incidents familiar contexts
about
INCERTITUDE
likelihoods
open dynamic systems
low frequency events
human factors
changing contexts
problematic UNCERTAINTY
- Socrates, Lao Tzu, Knight, Keynes, Shackle, Collingridge, Smithson, Ravetz, Wynne ...

20. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
contrasting aspects of ‘incertitude’
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
engineered components defining pros & cons
closed deterministic contrasting impacts
systems high frequency diverse perspectives
knowledge incidents familiar contexts alternative options
about
INCERTITUDE
likelihoods
open dynamic systems novel agents or vectors
low frequency events surprising conditions
human factors new alternatives
changing contexts wilful blinkers
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
- Socrates, Lao Tzu, Knight, Keynes, Shackle, Collingridge, Smithson, Ravetz, Wynne ...

21. Pressures for Closure
institutional pressures ‘close down’ around risk assessment
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregative analysis
patronage, pressure
political closure
knowledge
about
insurance limits ` evidence-based
reductive models policy
likelihoods stochastic reasoning institutional
remits
political
liability protection culture
harm definitions
indicators / metrics
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
risk focus is shaped by power – Beck’s “organised irresponsibility”

22. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities
optimisation algorithms
synthetic decision trees
Delphi / Foresight
knowledge predictive modelling
about
likelihoods
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE

23. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities
optimisation algorithms
synthetic decision trees
Delphi / Foresight
knowledge predictive modelling
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence
onus of persuasion
uncertainty factors
decision heuristics
interval analysis
sensitivity testing
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to expert quantitative assessment

24. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities scenarios / backcasting
optimisation algorithms interactive modelling
synthetic decision trees mapping / Q-methods
Delphi / Foresight participatory deliberation
knowledge predictive modelling democratic procedures
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence
onus of persuasion
uncertainty factors
decision heuristics
interval analysis
sensitivity testing
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to incumbent mainstream framings

25. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
aggregated probabilities scenarios / backcasting
optimisation algorithms interactive modelling
synthetic decision trees mapping / Q-methods
Delphi / Foresight participatory deliberation
knowledge predictive modelling democratic procedures
about
likelihoods
burden of evidence responsive civic research
onus of persuasion curiosity monitoring,
uncertainty factors evidentiary presumptions
decision heuristics flexibility, reversibility
interval analysis diversity, resilience,
sensitivity testing agility, adaptability
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
challenges to wilful and instrumental blinkers

26. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
definitive participatory
prescription deliberation
knowledge
Options
about
likelihoods safety
Options
precautionary adaptive
sustainability
appraisal learning
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
‘opening up’: options, issues, approaches, possibilities, perspectives

27. Civil Society Opens Up Policy Knowledge
civil society ‘sub-politics’ helps counter institutional closure
knowledge about possibilities
unproblematic problematic
unproblematic RISK AMBIGUITY
definitive participatory
prescription deliberation
knowledge active civil
about society helps
likelihoods force humility
and reflexivity
precautionary adaptive
appraisal learning
problematic UNCERTAINTY IGNORANCE
‘opening up’: options, issues, approaches, possibilities, perspectives

28. Innovation studies neglects civil society…
Blind spot in social and political science of innovation (Smith, 05)
- political science: ‘systems of production’, but not innovation (Hollingsworth 97)
- social movements research: ideas, institutions, interests – not technology (Smith, 05)
- social studies of technology: only general ‘pressure’ (Poel, 00; Jamison, 99)
- multi-level model acknowledges role … (Schot, 03; Geels, 08)
…but pays insufficient attention to role of politics and power (Smith et al, 05)
Restricted focus in innovation systems research
- explicitly excluded in ‘triple helix’ (government, industry, academia) (Etzkowitz 05)
- sidelined as general factor in healthy economy (Fukuyama 00)
- relevant only at lower levels of regional systems of innovation (Cook 98)
- implicated indirectly thro’ small business ‘partnerships’ in development (Hall 01)
- on ‘democracy’: focus is on education system, not civil society (Lundvall 09)

29. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
For instance,a las seen under
S o c io -te c h n ic ’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
the ‘Multi-level Perspective’: d e v e l o p m e n t s
L an d scap e
environmental drivers /
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002

30. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002

31. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002

32. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
environmental drivers /
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
political pressuresdrivers /
environmental
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s
political pressures
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s
re g im e in flu e n c e s
la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
saturation / incumbent inertia
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
windows of opportunity /
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
reconfigured
A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
breakthrough / reconfiguration
socio-technical regime
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
experimentation / learning
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e
after Geels, 2002

33. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
la n d s c a p e
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts eg:
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s nuclear power
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
chlorine chemicals
- counter-expertise
deepsea oil
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
T e c h n o lo g ic a l
n ic h e s
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
T im e

34. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
la n d s c a p e
L a n d s c a p e d e v e lo p m e n ts
p u t p re s s u re o n e x is tin g re g im e ,
w h ic h o p e n s u p , N e w s o c io -te c h n ic a l
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- counter-expertise
eg: organic food
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum renewable energy
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL low energy housing
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e

35. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r eg: genetic modification
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try air pollution
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
nuclear weapons
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- counter-expertise
E le m e n ts a r e g r a d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r,
alignment / stabilisation /
a n d s ta b ilis e in a d o m in a n t d e s ig n .
momentum
I n te rn a l m o m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
TECHNOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e

36. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- community mobilisation
- counter-expertise
- green consumption
- nlcommunityo aml l yi n la i nn tk de de s ti og gn e. t h e r ,
E e m e n ts a re g ra d u
a d s t a b i l i s e i n a d mobilisation
-n greeno consumption source software
I t e r n a l meg:e n t u m i n c ropen
m eases.
TECHNOLOGICAL waste recycling
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
community growing
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e

37. …but civil society doesn’t neglect innovation!
SOCIO-TECHNICAL
S o c io -te c h n ic a l’
l a LANDSCAPE
n d scap e
- movement building -L penvironmentaln gtdrivers /
politicale ovclimater e g i m e ,
an d scap e d e lo p m e s - institutional structure
u t p re s s u re n e x is tin
- awareness raising - politicalnchange
culturee spressures
w h ic h o p up, - trade patterns- t e c h n i c a l
N e w s o c io
c re a tin g w in d o w s re g im e in flu e n c e s
o f o p p o rtu n ity fo r n o v e ltie s la n d s c a p e
SOCIO- M a rk e ts , u s e r
p re fe re n c e s
TECHNICAL
S o c io -
In d u s try
REGIME l
te c h n ic a
r e g im e
S c ie n c e
P o lic y
C u ltu re
T e c h n o lo g y
S o c io -te c h n ic a l re g im e is ‘d y n a m ic a lly s ta b le ’.
- consumer boycotts
O n d iffe re n t d im e n s io n s th e re a re o n g o in g p ro c e s s e s
N e w c o n f ig u r a tio n b r e a k s th r o u g h , ta k in g
- policy shift - mass markets
a d v a n ta g e o f ‘w in d o w s o f o p p o rtu n ity ’.
- protest and lobbying A d ju s tm e n ts o c c u r in s o c io - te c h n ic a l r e g im e .
- behaviour change - training demand
- counter-expertise
l l y eg: d t o g e t h e low energy lifestyles
-Ea ncommunityuo amobilisationr ,
le m e n ts a r e g r a d lin k e
d s ta b ilis e in a d m in a n t d e s ig n .
-I ngreen o consumption
te rn a l m m e n tu m in c re a s e s .
IP-free distribution
TECHNOLOGICAL
green careers
TECHNOLOGICAL c a l
T e c h nNICHES
n ic h e s
o lo g i
NICHES - activist visions - DIY inventors
L e a r n in g p r o c e s s e s ta k e p la c e o n m u ltip le d im e n s io n s .
D iffe re n t e le m e n ts a re g ra d u a lly lin k e d to g e th e r in a s e a m le s s w e b .
- grassroots innovation - early adopters
T im e
civil society is the main driver of radical transformation

38. ‘Opening Up’ Innovation Governance
privileged
POSSIBLE
visions technological ‘lock-in’ innovation union
PATHWAYS
knowledge economy
multiple feasible
Innovation trajectories IIIIII
€
$
narrow restricted ‘closed down’
inputs outputs
appreciation
presumed benefits institutionalised single ‘best’ / ‘optimal’ /
Options
technical risk most ‘legitimate’
case-by-case focus
assessment decisions
narrow remits
aggregated attention
regulatory capture risk
technocratic procedures

39. ‘Opening Up’ Innovation Governance
diversity in technology
portfolios
POSSIBLE
diverse knowledge
PATHWAYS
pathways democracy
 

IIIIII
IIIIII
 
$
$
 
 
CIVIL SOCIETY  

broad-based choice ‘opening up’
inputs discourse outputs
more acknowledge
Options
options, plurality and
issues, conditionality
uncertainties,
perspectives Sustainability

40. ‘Opening Up’ Innovation Governance
diversity in technology
portfolios
POSSIBLE
diverse knowledge
PATHWAYS
pathways democracy
 

IIIIII
IIIIII
 
help catalyse:
$
$
 
democratic accountability
 
context sensitivity  
social robustness 
broad-based choice ‘opening up’
inputs discourse outputs
more acknowledge
Options
options, plurality and
issues, conditionality
uncertainties,
perspectives Sustainability

41. A ‘3D’ AGENDA
Direction open up politics of knowledge & innovation
Distribution empower marginal and vulnerable people
Diversity enable pluralities of innovation pathways
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