This document summarizes information about Mars and India's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan). It discusses that Mars is the fourth planet from the sun with an iron oxide surface that gives it a red appearance. It has two moons and the tallest mountain, Olympus Mons. Past rover missions have found evidence that Mars once had water. India's first interplanetary mission, Mangalyaan, launched in 2013 with objectives to demonstrate Mars orbit insertion technology and study the surface, atmosphere, and mineral composition using onboard scientific payloads and cameras. The ultimate goal is to enable a permanent human settlement on Mars.

1. Mars Orbiter Mission
PSLV-C25 Mangalyaan

2.  About Mars
 Introduction to Mars
 Why named Mars
 Difference in boulder fields
 Why Mars is most discovered
 Moons of Mars
 Tallest mountain in Mars
 Evidence of Aliens
 Researches on Mars
 The First Rover
 Mars exploration rovers
 Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)
 Objectives
 Payloads
 Settlement on Mars
 Conclusion

3. Mars
Mars is the fourth planet
from the Sun & is commonly
referred to as the Red
Planet.
 The rocks & soil have red
due to the Iron Oxide (Rust)
they contain.

4.  Mars is the seventh largest planet in our solar system.
 Average Distance from Sun: 2.279 x 108 km
 Mars is named after the Roman god of war.
 The equatorial radius of Mars is 3,397 km.
 The diameter of Mars measures 6,794 km.
 Atmospheric components on Mars consists of 95% carbon
dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon.
 Average Surface Temperature: 530 C

5. Why named Mars?
The planet was named
after Mars, The
Roman God of War,
who was one of the
most worshipped &
revered Gods in
ancient Rome.

6. Difference in Boulder Fields

7. Why Mars is most discovered?
 Natural conditions are similar
to Arctic & Antarctic zones of
Earth.
 Surface conditions are
habitable.
 Similar geology as compared to
Earth.
 Availability of Water in the
form of Ice & Glaciers.

8. Moons of Mars
Mars has 2 moons,
1. Phobos
2. Deimos

9. Tallest mountain in Mars
The tallest mountain in the
Solar System is the
Olympus Mons on Mars. It
rises up 27 kilometres
above the surrounding
plains. Olympus Mons is a
shield volcano formed
gradually over billions of
years. Some lava flows on
the volcano that planetary
scientists think that it
might still be active.

10. Evidence of Aliens

11. Dozens of spacecraft, including orbiters,
landers, and rovers, have been sent to
Mars by the Soviet Union, the United
States, Europe, and Japan to study the
planet's surface, climate, and geology. As
of 2008, the price of transporting material
from the surface of Earth to the surface of
Mars is approximately US$309,000 per
kilogram.

12. The First Rover
 Mars Pathfinder was the
first instrumented lander
and robotic rover to study
the surface of Mars.
 Findings from the
investigations carried out
by scientific instruments on
both the lander and the
rover suggest that Mars was
at one time in its past warm
and wet, with water existing
in its liquid state and a
thicker atmosphere.

13. Mars Exploration Rovers
The Mars Exploration
Rovers, Spirit and
Opportunity, was
studying how past
water activity on Mars
has influenced the red
planet's environment
over time.

14. Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)
 Mars Orbiter Mission is
India's first
interplanetary mission to
planet Mars.
 The Mission is primarily
technological mission.
 The launch vehicle which
carried Mangalyaan is
PSLV-C25. PSLV-C25
launched on 5th
November, 2013 & it will
be reach at Mars orbit on
21st September, 2014 at
5:21 PM.

15. One of the main objectives of the first Indian mission to Mars is to develop the
technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an
interplanetary mission.
Major objectives:-
 Technological Objectives:-
1. Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management.
2. Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.
Scientific Objectives:
1. Exploration of Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian
atmosphere by indigenous scientific instruments.

16. Payloads mean which types of content or apparatus included in
Mangalyaan..
1. Mars colour camera (MCC): - Optical imaging.
2. Thermal Infrared Imaging & Spectrometer: - Map surface composition
& mineralogy.
3. Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM): - Detection of Methane presence.
4. Mars Enospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA): - Study of
the neutral composition.
5. Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP): - Study of Escape processes through
Deuterium/Hydrogen.

17.  The Mars One Foundation announced that around
200,000 people have filled up the application for joining
an ambitious private mission to send a group of four
men & women to Mars on 2023 to establish a permanent
space in the Red Planet, Mars.
 This first mission is going to demonstrate technology
which is going to be involved in a permanent human
settlement on Mars & if everything goes well then the
first pioneers may land on the Red Planet by 2025.

18.  Certain features on Mars are similar to the
features of Earth.
 The features on Earth are known to have been
caused by the existence of water in those locations.
 Most scientists now believe that these features on
Mars are evidence that water has existed on Mars in
the past & may, in fact, still exist below the surface
today.

19. Any Doubts?
If any
questions
occur,
please
say..

20. Presentation is accomplished by
Suman Karmakar, Zeenat Parvin & Palomi Ssinha