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Luxembourg’s position in Europe :
  history, economics, life style
Christian-Charles Lauer, Attorney, Lauer & Sartor
FROM THE ROCK
                          TO
             THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG
KEYDATES :

963 :    Creation of the earldom of Luxembourg (Lucilinburhuc)

1354 :   Dukedom (duchy) and a member of the holy German empire -
         Luxembourg had three times its actual size

XVIIe : Losing parts along the French border (Louis XIV)

1815 :   Losing parts along the German border (fall of Napoleon 1st)
FROM THE ROCK
                        TO
           THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG
1839 :   Losing parts of territories along the Belgium border
         (creation of the Kingdom of Belgium)

1839 :   * actual size
         * own monarchy , still in place today (the house NASSAU -WEILBURG)
         * independent
         * national identity

1842 :   Membership in the « Zollverein »

1868 :   Slipping of the fortress
FROM THE ROCK
                          TO
             THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG
1911 :   Creation of A.R.B.E.D.

1914 :   First World War

1918 :   End of the first World War

1933 :   Second World War

1940 :   Invasion of the German troops & forced annexion of Luxembourg to
         Germany

1942 :   General strike against the Nazi regime (21 death sentences)

1945 :   End of the Second World War
FROM THE ROCK
                          TO
             THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG

1945 :   Founding member of the UNO (United Nations Organization)

1949 :   Founding member of the NATO (North Atlantic Organization)

1951 :   Founding member of the CECA (European Steel & Coal Community)
         with its headquarter in Luxembourg

70’ :    Development of the financial sector (149 banks nowadays)

1999 :   Adoption of the Euro as scriptural money
FROM THE ROCK
                          TO
             THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG

2002 :   Introduction of the Euro


2003 :   * Creation of the Luxembourg University

         * development of research activities (medical, biotechnical)
         * development of the ICT sector
NOWADAYS

Hosting of important European institutions :
-   European Court of Justice (1st and second degree of juridiction)

-   European Investment Bank

-   European Court of Auditors

-   European Agency of Official Publications

-   A number of services of the European Commission

-   Secretariat general of the European Parliament

-   Eurostat (European statistic office)

-   Sessions of the council of ministers (April, June & October of each year)
NOWADAYS

• Luxembourg counts today 9,500 European servants.


• Today’s population : 502,066 persons including foreigners (43 % of the
   total population).



• Each day 135,400 persons are non-resident workers coming from our
   neighboring countries (France, Belgium & Germany).
TYPES OF COMPANIES
WORDING                  S.A. (public limited)                   S à R L (private limited)

Name                     Freeely chosen denomination             Business name or freeely
                                                                 chosen denomination

Minimum social capital   31000 € fully subscribed but            12500 € fully subscribed and
                         possibility to pay only ¼ (release)     paid (released)
Founders                 Represented by shares                   Min. one, maximum of 40
                         (registered or bearer shares)           partners

                         Min. one (Law 2006)                     Certificate of participation
                         No maximum of shareholders
Administration           Board of directors (min. 3)             Director (gérant technique)
                         and one chairman
                         General assembly once a year at least   No need of a general assembly
                                                                 if the number of partners ≤25
Supervision              By an independant auditor               No need of an independant
                                                                 auditor if the number of
                                                                 partners ≤25
TYPES OF COMPANIES

IN BOTH CASES THE COMPANY’S HEADQUARTER HAS TO EXIST PHYSICALLY
IN LUXEMBOURG OTHERWISE :


THERE’S A RISK THAT THE AUTHORITIES (tax authorities) CONSIDER THAT THE
REAL HEADQUARTER ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE HEADQUARTER INDICATED
    IN BOTH CASES THE COMPANY’S HEADQUATER HAS TO EXIST PHYSICALLY
AND IN LUXEMBOURG ANTOHERWISE :

THEY WILL RELOCATE THE HEADQUARTER AT THE PLACE WHERE THE REAL
POWER OF THAT THE AUTHORITIES (tax authorities) CONSIDERED THAT THE REAL
       RISK DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS EXERCISED.
    HEADQUATER ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE HEADQUATER INDICATED AND
ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE THE HEADQUATER AT THEAND
    THEY WILL RELOCATE HEADQUATER INDICATED PLACE WHERE THE REAL
THEY WILL RELOCATE THE HEADQUATER AT THEEXERCICED.
    POWER OF DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS PLACE WHERE THE REAL
POWER OF DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS EXERCICED.

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Luxembourg Legal Framework: Historical Perspective

  • 1. Luxembourg’s position in Europe : history, economics, life style Christian-Charles Lauer, Attorney, Lauer & Sartor
  • 2. FROM THE ROCK TO THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG KEYDATES : 963 : Creation of the earldom of Luxembourg (Lucilinburhuc) 1354 : Dukedom (duchy) and a member of the holy German empire - Luxembourg had three times its actual size XVIIe : Losing parts along the French border (Louis XIV) 1815 : Losing parts along the German border (fall of Napoleon 1st)
  • 3. FROM THE ROCK TO THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG 1839 : Losing parts of territories along the Belgium border (creation of the Kingdom of Belgium) 1839 : * actual size * own monarchy , still in place today (the house NASSAU -WEILBURG) * independent * national identity 1842 : Membership in the « Zollverein » 1868 : Slipping of the fortress
  • 4. FROM THE ROCK TO THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG 1911 : Creation of A.R.B.E.D. 1914 : First World War 1918 : End of the first World War 1933 : Second World War 1940 : Invasion of the German troops & forced annexion of Luxembourg to Germany 1942 : General strike against the Nazi regime (21 death sentences) 1945 : End of the Second World War
  • 5. FROM THE ROCK TO THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG 1945 : Founding member of the UNO (United Nations Organization) 1949 : Founding member of the NATO (North Atlantic Organization) 1951 : Founding member of the CECA (European Steel & Coal Community) with its headquarter in Luxembourg 70’ : Development of the financial sector (149 banks nowadays) 1999 : Adoption of the Euro as scriptural money
  • 6. FROM THE ROCK TO THE GRAND-DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG 2002 : Introduction of the Euro 2003 : * Creation of the Luxembourg University * development of research activities (medical, biotechnical) * development of the ICT sector
  • 7. NOWADAYS Hosting of important European institutions : - European Court of Justice (1st and second degree of juridiction) - European Investment Bank - European Court of Auditors - European Agency of Official Publications - A number of services of the European Commission - Secretariat general of the European Parliament - Eurostat (European statistic office) - Sessions of the council of ministers (April, June & October of each year)
  • 8. NOWADAYS • Luxembourg counts today 9,500 European servants. • Today’s population : 502,066 persons including foreigners (43 % of the total population). • Each day 135,400 persons are non-resident workers coming from our neighboring countries (France, Belgium & Germany).
  • 9. TYPES OF COMPANIES WORDING S.A. (public limited) S à R L (private limited) Name Freeely chosen denomination Business name or freeely chosen denomination Minimum social capital 31000 € fully subscribed but 12500 € fully subscribed and possibility to pay only ¼ (release) paid (released) Founders Represented by shares Min. one, maximum of 40 (registered or bearer shares) partners Min. one (Law 2006) Certificate of participation No maximum of shareholders Administration Board of directors (min. 3) Director (gérant technique) and one chairman General assembly once a year at least No need of a general assembly if the number of partners ≤25 Supervision By an independant auditor No need of an independant auditor if the number of partners ≤25
  • 10. TYPES OF COMPANIES IN BOTH CASES THE COMPANY’S HEADQUARTER HAS TO EXIST PHYSICALLY IN LUXEMBOURG OTHERWISE : THERE’S A RISK THAT THE AUTHORITIES (tax authorities) CONSIDER THAT THE REAL HEADQUARTER ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE HEADQUARTER INDICATED IN BOTH CASES THE COMPANY’S HEADQUATER HAS TO EXIST PHYSICALLY AND IN LUXEMBOURG ANTOHERWISE : THEY WILL RELOCATE THE HEADQUARTER AT THE PLACE WHERE THE REAL POWER OF THAT THE AUTHORITIES (tax authorities) CONSIDERED THAT THE REAL RISK DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS EXERCISED. HEADQUATER ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE HEADQUATER INDICATED AND ISN’T IDENTICAL WITH THE THE HEADQUATER AT THEAND THEY WILL RELOCATE HEADQUATER INDICATED PLACE WHERE THE REAL THEY WILL RELOCATE THE HEADQUATER AT THEEXERCICED. POWER OF DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS PLACE WHERE THE REAL POWER OF DIRECTION OF THE COMPANY IS EXERCICED.