2011 Taxonomy Standards Update

Taxonomy Boot Camp
Standards Update

Marjorie M.K. Hlava
mhlava@accessinn.com
Data Harmony Software
Access Innovations, Inc.
www.accessinn.com

Leveraging your content semantically

What do we need a standard for??

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© 2010. Access Innovations, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Why Standards?
 “Standards save money.”
 “Standards accelerate projects.”
 “Standards make better solutions.”
 “Standards provide better governance for
solutions.”
 “Standards protect your investment for the
future.”
 “Standards save money for future projects.”
 http://michaelrowell.com/wp/
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Standardization Makes Life Easier
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What does it take to make the
components of the digital
information model work…

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Standards Groups

 ISO
 W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
 NISO
 W3C
 IFLA
 US Library of Congress
 Dublin Core
 New things as they come up

Standard Definition
 Universally or widely accepted, agreed upon, or
established means of determining what something
should be. Major classifications of this term include:
 Material or substance whose properties are known
with a level of accuracy that is sufficient to allow its
use as a physical reference in calibrating or
measuring the same properties of another material or
substance.
 Concept, norm, or principle established by
agreement, authority, or custom, and used generally
as an example or model to compare or measure the
quality or performance of a practice or procedure.
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Standard Definition

 Written definition, limit, or rule approved
and monitored for compliance by an
authoritative agency (or professional or
recognized body) as a minimum
acceptable benchmark. This is the usual
meaning of the plural term (standards).
 See also specification.

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Traditional Standards
 ISO
 TC 46
 SC 9
 ISO/CD 25964-1

 ANSI
 NISO
 Z39.19

 BSI
 BS 8723
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More Standards Groups
 W3C
 OWL
 SKOS
 US Government
 Office of Management and
Budget
 European Union
 Individual Organization Attempts
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The Process
 ISO
 137 Nations one vote each
 ANSI
 US organization
 NISO
US Information and Library Standards
Tag 46 – ISO information Standards
NISO is the secretariat

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Impatient others
 W3C
 World Wide Web Consortium
 Ad hoc groups
 Author ID’s
 ORCID
 VIVO
 Industry and National Groups
 Library of Congress
 Associations for their industry
 SMPTE
 Book Industry Study Group
 ONIX
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Proprietary ―Standards‖
 PDF – Portable Document Format
 Adobe
 CSV
 Comma Separated Values
 Microsoft

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Soliciting Input – Formal Process
 Standard need
 Group with a frustration – need
 Standard proposal
 NISO topic groups, CCM and others
 Call for participation
 Write the draft standard
 Open for comments
 NO must be resolved
 Standard for vote
 Approved for five years
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Soliciting Input – Informal Process
 Standard need
 Group with a frustration – need
 Create a Working Group
 Write the draft standard
 Publish to the web
 Allow comments
 Resolve comments
 When no comments considered OK
 Start implementing / Early implementers
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Taxonomies don’t exist in a vacuum
 They are part of metadata
 They are used to tag information objects
 They are used on
• Web sites
• In Search
• To profile people
• To link resources
 So we have to know a little about those
standards as well
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Groups of standards
 Identifiers
 Records management
 Country Codes
 Transliteration
 Formats
 Taxonomy related

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Identifiers
 ISO/IEC CD 27037, Information technology —
Security techniques —
 Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition,
and preservation of digital evidence
 Information and documentation –
 International standard document link
 ISO/FDIS 24619, Language resource
management —
 Persistent identification and sustainable access
(PISA)
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Records management
 ISO/FDIS 16175-2, Information and documentation
 Principles and functional requirements for records
in electronic office environments —
 Part 2: Guidelines and functional requirements for
digital records management systems
 ISO/DTR 17068 Information and documentation
 Records management — Third party repository for
electronic records
 ISO/DIS 13008, Information and documentation —
 Digital records conversion and migration process
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Country Codes
 Systematic review ISO 3166-2:2007,
Codes for the representation of names of
countries and their subdivisions — Part 2:
Country subdivision code

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Transliteration

 Systematic review ISO 3602:1989,
Documentation –
 Romanization of Japanese (kana script)
 Systematic review of ISO 11940-2:2007,
Information and documentation —
 Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin
characters, Part 2: Simplified transcription of Thai
language
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Formats
 ISO/DIS 14289-1, Document
management applications — Electronic
document file format enhancement for
accessibility — Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-
1 (PDF/UA-1)

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RFID

 ISO/FDIS 28560, Information and
documentation — RFID in libraries
 Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for
implementation
 Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on
rules from ISO/IEC 15962
 Part 3: Fixed length encoding

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Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF)
 Brought you EMAIL
 Brought you the Internet
 Now XSF
 XMPP Standards Foundation
 define open protocols for presence, instant
messaging, and real-time communication
 collaboration on top of the IETF’s Extensible
Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).
 Now in Google 2011
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W3C
 HTML 5
 Linked Data
 Ontologies (OWL) and SKOS
 Simple Knowledge Organization System
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS),
 Adding style to Web content.
 Widgets
 Widget Packaging and XML Configuration,
 Widget Interface,
 API to metadata and persistently storing data.
 XML Digital Signatures for Widgets,
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Big Library Followings
 DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
 Functional requirements
 Library of Congress

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Library of Congress
 MARC 21 formats and MARCXML
 VRA Core -- them
 METS (Metadata Encoding & Transmission
Standard)
 MIX (NISO Metadata for Images in XML) -
 PREMIS (Preservation Metadata) -
 TextMD (Technical Metadata for Text) –
 ALTO - Technical Metadata for Optical
Character Recognition
 Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF)
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Taxonomy related standards
 Vocabularies
 Taxonomies
 Thesaurus
 Knowledge Organization Systems
 Terminologies

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Vocabularies

 ISO/TC 46
 SC 6 and SC 9
 Information and documentation
 ISO/TC 37,
 Terminology and other language and content
resources

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Thesaurus related
 NISO Z39.19 2010 www.niso.org
 ISO 2788 - Monolingual (1986)
 ISO 5964 - Multilingual (1985)
 ISO 5127, Information and documentation 
Vocabulary
 BSI (BS 8723) the next revised ISO
 ISO 25964 / part 1 – Controlled Vocabularies
 ISO25964 / part 2 – Taxonomy Interoperability
 OWL from W3C
 SKOS the W3C thesaurus standard
 Dublin Core DCMI Functional requirements 3
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Thesaurus and Indexing Standards –
ANSI/NISO

 NISO Z39.19-2005 (2010) Guidelines for the
Construction, Format, and Management of
Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies
 NISO TR02-1997 Guidelines for Indexes and
Related Information Retrieval Devices
by James D. Anderson

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ISO TC 46/SC 9
 Information and Documentation - Identification
and Description
 TC 46 is ISO's Technical Committee (TC) for
information and documentation standards.
 SC 9 is the TC 46 Subcommittee (SC) that
develops and maintains ISO standards on the
identification and description of information
resources.

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Thesaurus and Indexing
Standards – ISO
 ISO 2788:1986
Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and
development of monolingual thesauri
 ISO 5964:1985
Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and
development of multilingual thesauri
 ISO 5963:1985
Documentation - Methods for examining documents,
determining their subjects, and selecting indexing terms
 ISO 999:1996
Information and documentation - Guidelines for the
content, organization and presentation of indexes
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New ISO Taxonomy Standard
 ISO 25964. Thesauri and interoperability
with other vocabularies
 Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval
 (Approved)
 Part 2: Interoperability with other
vocabularies (released for comment )
 Stella Dexter Clarke, principal author

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ISO TC 37
Scope of ISO TC 37:
Standardization of principles, methods and
applications relating to terminology and other
language resources.
 TC 37/SC 1 - Principles and methods
 TC 37/SC 2 - Terminography and lexicography
 TC 37/SC 3 - Computer applications for
terminology
 TC 37/SC 4 - Language resource management

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OntoIOp
 Terminographical and lexicographical
working methods, for a new project
proposal on: Ontology Integration and
Interoperability (OntoIOp).

 A reference ontology for the interchange of
cultural heritage information.
 ICOM (International Council of Museums) CIDOC
(International Committee for Documentation)

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ISO 1087 Terminology Work
 Vocabulary
 ISO 1087-1:2000 Terminology work -
Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and
application
 ISO 1087-2:2000 Terminology work -
Vocabulary - Part 2: Computer
applications

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ISO 1087

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Terminology work — Vocabulary

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Other ISO standards:
Concept-oriented terminology
ISO 704:2000 Terminology work - Principles and
methods
ISO 860:1996 Terminology work - Harmonization of
concepts and terms
ISO 10241:1992 Preparation and layout of
international terminology standards

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ISO - Data Categories
 ISO 12200:1999 Computer applications in
terminology - Machine-readable terminology
interchange format (MARTIF) - Negotiated
interchange
 ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented
terminography
 ISO/TR 12618:1994 Computer aids in terminology -
Creation and use of terminological databases and
text corpora
 ISO 12620:1999 Computer applications in
terminology - Data categories used to create
glossaries
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 Others in the work codes

W3C
 OWL – Web Ontology Language
 RDF – Resource Description Format
 Topic Maps
 SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization
Systems
 SKOS 2 DCMI
 TURTLE

 Which community to serve?
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46

A data wrapper

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RDF Triples
 Subject
 Object
 Predicate

 Linked data source standard
 Action path of ontologies

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Other Relevant ISO & W3C
Standards
 Metadata standards overview
 http://www.slis.kent.edu/~mzeng/metadataba
sics/completelist.htm
 Review of SKOS / DCMI / Taxonomy
Standards
 http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/

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SKOS
 SKOS 1 –
 no synonyms,
 no polyhierarchies
 SKOS 2 –
 Added the above
 Allow other fields (elements) on request
 OWL Crosswalk
 NISO Z39.19, BSI 8723, and ISO 25964
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Who supports SKOS - Everyone
 Data Harmony Thesaurus Master
 Synaptica
 SmartLogic
 WordMap
 Poolparty
 Top Quadrant
 Protégé
 Etc.
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Places to watch
 Other W3C and ISO areas
 Support groups
 Blogs
 Communities of Practice
 WSDL – Web Services Digital Library
 DCMI
 NKOS
 ISKO
 Linked Data 56


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Lists of Taxonomy Resources
 Registry? NKOS KOS of KOS
 SKOS participants – W3C
 KOS typology – Tudhope
 TaxoBank.org
 Tesauro.com – Spanish - Salama
 Kent.edu site – Marcia Zeng
 Taxonomy Warehouse – Synaptica
 UMLS - Unified Medical Language
System - NIH 63


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What about?
 Authority Files
 Other pick lists
 Roget's and other synonym rings
 Dictionaries
 Gazetteers
 Glossaries
 Etc.
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Standards and pragmatism
 Use Standards
 Lead to richer, more informative product
 Promote interoperability -- Allow you to adopt or
adapt other controlled vocabularies
 Promote predictability
 Allow repurposing within your organization and by
other organizations
 Follow thesaurus standards for taxonomy
 Incorporate authority files / final nodes as needed
 Your taxonomy or thesaurus must meet your needs 66


Author Systems & Disambiguation
 Vivo
 UniPHY AIP
 Collexis
 Now part of ESP
 SciVal Experts
 Author Net
 Cambridge University Press
 ORCID
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The Problem – KEEPING UP
 Many players we know and don’t know
 Between controlled vocabulary standards
 ISO 2788 and 5964,
 BSI 8723
 Groups developing guidelines and standards
 W3C with SKOS and OWL
 Governments world wide developing and
mandating taxonomies
 Communities
 Increase reuse
 Mapping interoperability between controlled 6
vocabularies 9


How to be active -Standards Role
 Voting member of NISO, CEBEMA, etc
 Member of the NISO Content Board
 Crosswalks for NISO, ISO, W3C SKOS
 Standards committees SLA, NFAIS, ASIST
 DCMI Functional requirements for KOS
 Active in NKOS
 Active in ISKO
 Read the blogs, COP
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 ORCID Prototype (one of…)

The Games

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Standards are our guiding light
Thank you
Marjorie M.K. Hlava
President
Data Harmony
505-998-0800
www.taxodiary.com - the
taxonomy news blog
mmkhlava = twitter
mhlava = facebook,
linkedin, eacademy, plaxo

Questions??
Okay Enough – go have a drink!

Marjorie M.K. Hlava
President
Data Harmony Software

2011 Taxonomy Standards Update

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