Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Shake your Acids, Bases and
Salts!

2. Introduction
We daily use in our life a large number of
substances such as lemon, tamarind,
common salt, sugar, vinegar etc. Do they
have same taste? You find that some of
these taste sour, some bitter, some
sweet and some salty.

3. Learning Objectives
•To classify the common household
substances if they are acids, bases or
salts.
•To determine the pH of the substances.
•To describe the result of the
investigation and characteristics of each
substance.

4. A Brief Overview of Acids and Bases
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNvP3-174_M
Watch the short clip

5. Preliminary Task
Search for any substance that you
can see outside and inside the
school premises and bring it in the
classroom. Be back after 15
minutes.

6. Facilitators
Hi I’m Super A, I will help
you understand Acids!
My name is Super B, I will
help you know Bases!
And you can call me Super S, I will help
you understand Salts!

7. Hello Kids! Today
we will discuss
Acid
An acid is a substance that gives H+ (Hydrogen) ions
when dissolved in water. They are usually
compounds of non metals with Hydrogen and
sometimes Oxygen.
Hi Super A!

8. Based on the video that you had watched earlier,
can you identify the characteristics of an acids?
The following are the characteristics of Acids:
• Acids have a sour taste
• Acids reacts with metals
•Acids contains Hydrogen
• Many are poisonous and corrosive to skin.
• It has a pH less than 7

9. Some common examples of an Acids are:
1. Explosives
2. Car Batteries
3. Cola
4. Vinegar
Explosives and car batteries are strong acids
while cola and vinegar are weak acids.

10. Now, lets go on with Base. A Base is a
substance that gives OH- (hydroxide)
ions when dissolved in water. The
solution of a base in water is called
an alkali.

11. Based on the video that you had watched earlier,
can you identify the characteristics of a Bases?
The following are the characteristics of Bases:
• Bases usually taste bitter
• Strong Bases are also poisonous and corrosive
to learning
• Bases contains Hydroxide ions
• Bases feel slippery
•It has a pH greater than 7

12. Some common examples of Bases are:
1. Drain cleaner
2. Plaster
3. Baking powder
4. Windex glass cleaner
Drain cleaner and plaster are strong bases
while baking powder and Windex glass cleaner are
weak bases.

13. Reactions between acids and bases
When and acid and a base react with each
other, the characteristic properties of both
are destroyed. This is called neutralization.
General formula for acid base reaction:
Acid + Base H2O + Salt
“Salt” means any ionic compound formed from
an acid/base reaction

14. Neutralization
HCl + NaOH → H 2O + NaCl
acid + base → water + salt

15. An indicator is a compound that will change color
in the presence of an acid or base
• Red Litmus paper turns blue in base
• Blue Litmus paper turns red in acid
• Universal indicator (pH paper)
Used for the full pH range

16. pH stands for “potential hydrogen” and is a
measure of how many H+ ions there are in
solution.
The MORE H+ there are, the LOWER the
pH will be.

17. pH Scale
Shows the range of H+
concentrations
Low H+ concentration
High H+ concentration

18. A Salt results when an acid reacts with a base.
The H+ and OH- ions combine to form water. This
process is called as neutralization.
The non metallic ions of the acid and the
metal ions of the base form the salt.
Acid + Base —-> Salt + Water

19. The following are the characteristics of Salts:
• Salts can be of several different colors
• Usually salts are odorless
•Salts have pH = 7. They are neutral

20. Some common examples of Salts are:
1. Toothpaste
2. Kitchen Salt

21. Activity

22. Summary
Acid is a substance that gives H+ (Hydrogen) ions when dissolved in
water. Acids have a sour taste, reacts with metals and contains Hydrogen.
Many are poisonous and corrosive to skin. It has a pH less than 7 and turns
blue litmus paper to red. Some of the common examples of an acid are car
batteries, explosives, cola, vinegar, etc.
While Base is a substance that gives OH- (hydroxide) ions when
dissolved in water. The solution of a base in water is called an alkali. It
usually taste bitter, contains Hydroxide ions, feel slippery and strong bases
are also poisonous and corrosive to learning. It has a pH greater than 7 and
turn red litmus paper to blue. Some common examples are glass/drain
cleaner, baking powder, plaster, etc.
Salt results when an acid reacts with a base. The H+ and OH- ions
combine to form water. This process is called as neutralization. Salts can be
of several different color , usually odorless and have pH = 7. Some common
examples are toothpaste, kitchen salt, etc.

23. Assignment
Look for other 15 household
substances, check its
ingredients and identify why it is
an acid, base or salt. Give its
formula if possible.

24. Reference
http://schooltutoring.com/help/three-important-types-of-chemicals-acid-bases-
salts/
http://www.shodor.org/unchem/basic/ab/
http://www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci_htm_files/08SALTS.PDF
http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/546519/ACIDS,-BASES-%26-SALTS