1) The document discusses the differences between sex and gender, where sex refers to biological differences while gender refers to roles and identities that are socially constructed. 2) It explains that gender roles and expectations can lead to inequalities in areas like power, decision making, assets, and freedom between men and women. 3) The roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women are context specific and can change over time across cultures and societies.

1.
Sex refers to the biological differences between women and
men.

2. Gender refers to:
• The roles and responsibilities of women and men and the
relationship between them.
• The way behaviors and identities are determined through the
process of socialization.

3. Socialisation starts from birth
People are born male and female
 Learn to become boys & girls
 Grow into men and women in
a socio cultural context
 Gender-the socially defined roles
and responsibilities assigned to
men and women in a given culture,
location, society and time
 Training for adult roles imparted
through play and education


4. “SEX” and “GENDER” are not the same!
SEX
 Biological
 Constant across time
and location
 Universal
GENDER
 Social
 Varies across time and
location
 Contextual

5.
These roles and expectations are:
Usually unequal in terms of
• power and control
• over decision-making
• assets and freedom of action
• culturally specific
• change over time

6. Women-Productive life
+ Reproductive life
Do you see any imbalance?

8. Gender inequity to equity

9. Definition of Roles
• Productive roles
• Work done by women and men for payment in cash or kind.
• Reproductive roles
• Childbearing/rearing responsibilities and domestic tasks
required to guarantee the maintenance and well-being of all
family members.
• Community management roles
• Activities taken at the community level for its development and
political organization
• Usually voluntary, unpaid work

10. WHO SEAR Gender Analysis Matrix
Research and Evidence
Biological and
Social variables
Exposure and
vulnerability
• Biological: sex
Outcomes and
Impact
Access and
Utilization
Women during
pregnancy
Women becos’ of
Malaria cause
abortion, SB and too much house
work cannot go to
(reproductive organ) maternal deaths
RHC
Midwife only give
MCH service
Age
•
Middle age men
work in forest
Gender-men has to
work outside to earn
Illness due to
malaria/CM/D
Work loss becos’
of illness
Less income
-Not easily access
to health service
-Late case to hosp
-Poverty hinder
access to health
All information in each column and row should be given separately for male and female

11. WHO SEAR Gender Analysis Matrix
Biological and
Social variables
Exposure and
vulnerability
Outcomes and
Impact
Access and
Utilization
•Social:
Education
Women /menuneducated refer
malaria to eating
banana/stream water
-Do not know to
sleep under bed nets
-Men and children
sleep under bed nets
-Do not know ITN
Infection off and
on –chronic
malaria
Anaemia in
women-become
pregnant----------
-Afraid to go to
health personnel
-Use traditional
medicine
-pamphlets are
there but not literate
to read
-no TV
Occupation
Men work in forest
Malaria attack
more vulnerable than
Cerebral malaria
women
-Less income and
unable to pay for
treatment
-reluctant due to unaffordability
-men avoid hosp/
health post
Death
Aggravated by
-Malnutrition
Alcohol

12. WHO SEAR Gender Analysis Matrix
Biological and
Social variables
Exposure and
vulnerability
Outcomes and
Impact
Access and
Utilization
•Rural/urban
rural-less
availability of HE
media
-still stick to
misinformation
-No idea of ITN
-rely on (aq;
-Rural groups
expose more to
malaria
-traditional belief
iIlness to both
men and women
Tribal groups
•Qualitative data
on observed
gender
differences
+rD;wdk)

13. Gender
Is a dimension that has to be incorporated in all policies,
programmes and organizations------since it helps to
understand better attitudes, needs and roles of women and
men in society, on the basis of social, economic, political
and cultural factors.
Gender has to be considered as part of the general analysis
of an activity, policy, programme, event or process.
It should be mainstreamed and should not be considered as
a separate issue.

14. Gender Mainstreaming
Women and men are biologically different
& Women and men are shaped by different gender
construction
Women and men have different health needs
This must be understood so as to respond in an
equitable and efficient manner
Understanding and responsiveness to differential
needs of women and men in a sensitive and fair
manner-Gender Mainstreaming

15. WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix
Actions to be taken
Influence of
gender roles in
sex differentials
Policy/ Legislation Programme and
Budget allocation
services:
for gender activities Clinical,
communication
administration
Information
Systems:
Reports,
monitoring,
evaluation
• Observations
related to
exposure and
vulnerability
• Observations
related to
outcomes and
impact
• Observations
related to access
and utilization of
services
Budget allocation
for management of
pregnant women
with malaria
-Include sex
disaggregated
data for malaria
morbidity and
mortality
-monitor pregnant
women with
malaria to prevent
abortion, SB and
MMR
Encourage policy
for case detection
of women in
remote areas with
pregnancy and
malaria
MCH services
integrate with
Malaria program
to help pregnant
women with
malaria
-train midwives
on early Dx and
prompt Rx for
malaria
-free of charge?

16. WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix
Actions to be taken
Influence of
gender roles in
sex differentials
Policy/ Legislation
Programme and
Budget allocation
services:
for gender activities Clinical,
communication
administration
Information
Systems:
Reports,
monitoring,
evaluation
• Observations
related to
exposure and
vulnerability
• Observations
related to
outcomes and
impact
• Observations
related to access
and utilization of
services
-Enhancement on
EDPT to both men
and women
-Prevention of
Malaria drug R
-Allocate budget for
gender specific
research-why
women with malaria
come late to health
post
-Include gender
success stories
and patient based
reporting at every
level: eg
Design and use
simple diag
method and to
reach both men
and women
-Expand CORP
to other
townships
-Free malaria
treatment
case detection,
number of women
reporting on their
own and
according to age
and locality

17. WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix
Actions to be taken
Influence of
gender roles in
sex differentials
Policy/ Legislation Programme and
Budget allocation
services:
for gender activities Clinical,
communication
administration
Information
Systems:
Reports,
monitoring,
evaluation
• Observations
related to
exposure and
vulnerability
• Observations
related to
outcomes and
impact
• Observations
related to access
and utilization of
services
Allocate budget for
dissemination of
information on use
of ITN
-program for use
of ITN to both
men, women
and children
-include sex
disaggregated
data on use of
ITN
More collaboration
with other sectors
forestry, mining,
dam construction
-media
communication
-success stories
on use of ITN by
men and women
in villagesinformed by
CORPs
INGOs
collaboration
-correct method
of impregnation
of bed nets in
communuity