1. Linguagem SQL
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PROGRAMAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS
Á
INFORMÁTICOS

2. Linguagem SQL
A linguagem SQL pode‐se dividir essencialmente
em quatro grupos de comandos
q g p
DDL – Data Definition Language
(CREATE, ALTER, DROP )
DML – Data Manipulation Language
(INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT)
DCL – Data Control Language
(GRANT, REVOKE)
DTL – Data Transation Language
(BEGIN WORK, COMMIT, ROLLBACK)

3. DDL Data Definition Language
CREATE
{DATABASE | TABLES | INDEX | VIEWS}
DROP
{DATABASE | TABLES | INDEX | VIEWS}
ALTER TABLE
RENAME TABLE

4. CREATE DATABASE Syntax
CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
[
[create_specification [, create_specification]
p f [, p f ]
...]
create_specification: [DEFAULT] CHARACTER
SET charset_name
SET charset name | [DEFAULT] COLLATE
collation_name
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create
‐database.html
d t b ht l

5. CREATE TABLE Syntax
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name [(create_definition,...)]
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl name [(create definition )]
[table_options] [select_statement]
create_definition:
column_definition
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| KEY [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| INDEX [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX] [index_name] [index_type]
(index_col_name,...)
| [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
| [FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] [INDEX] [index name] (index col name, )
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
[reference_definition]
| CHECK (expr)column_definition: col_name type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT
default_value] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [[PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT string ]
default value] [AUTO INCREMENT] [[PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string']
[reference_definition]
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create table.htm
http://dev mysql com/doc/refman/5 0/en/create‐table htm

6. CREATE INDEX Syntax
CREATE [UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL] INDEX
index_name [index_type] ON tbl_name
index name [index type] ON tbl name
(index_col_name,...)index_col_name:
col_name
col name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create
‐index.html

7. CREATE VIEW Syntax
CREATE [OR REPLACE] [ALGORITHM =
{UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}]
VIEW view_name [(column_list)] AS
select_statement
select statement [WITH [CASCADED |
LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create
p // y q / / /5 / /
‐view.html

8. DROP Syntax
DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS]
db_name
DROP INDEX index_name ON tbl_name
DROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]
tbl_name [ tbl
tbl [, tbl_name] ... [RESTRICT |
] [RESTRICT |
CASCADE]
DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view_name [,
DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] view name [
view_name] ... [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/sql‐
syntax‐data‐definition.html
y

9. RENAME TABLE Syntax
RENAME {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name
RENAME {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db name
TO new_db_name;
RENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tb _name
tb a e O e tbl a e
[, tbl_name2 TO new_tbl_name2] ...

10. DML Data Manipulation Language
INSERT
DELETE
UPDATE
LOAD DATA INFILE
SELECT
UNION

11. INSERT Syntax
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY]
[IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] VALUES
({expr | DEFAULT} ) ( ) [ ON DUPLICATE KEY
| DEFAULT},...),(...),... [ ON DUPLICATE KEY
UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY]
[IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name SET l
[IGNORE] [INTO] tbl SET col_name={expr |
{
DEFAULT}, ... [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
col_name=expr, ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY]
[IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] SELECT ...

12. DELETE Syntax
DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]
FROM tbl_name
FROM tbl name [WHERE
where_definition] [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT
row_count]
row count]

13. UPDATE Syntax
UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] tbl_name
SET col_name1=expr1 [, col_name2=expr2 ]
SET col name1=expr1 [ col name2=expr2 ...]
[WHERE where_definition] [ORDER BY ...]
[LIMIT row_count]
[LIMIT row count]

14. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax
LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT]
[
[LOCAL] INFILE 'file_name.txt' [REPLACE |
] f [ |
IGNORE] INTO TABLE tbl_name [FIELDS
[
[TERMINATED BY 't'] [[OPTIONALLY]
] [[ ]
ENCLOSED BY ''] [ESCAPED BY '' ] ]
[LINES [STARTING BY '']
[TERMINATED BY 'n'] ] [IGNORE number
LINES] [(col_name,...)]

15. SELECT Syntax
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN]
[SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] [SQL_CACHE |
SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
select_expr, ...
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options | INTO DUMPFILE
'file_name']
[FROM table_references
[WHERE where_definition]
[GROUP BY {col_name
[GROUP BY {col name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC] [WITH
| position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH
ROLLUP]]
[HAVING where_definition]
[ORDER BY {col_name
[ORDER BY {col name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC] ]
| position} [ASC | DESC] , ...]
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]

16. UNION Syntax
SELECT ...
UNION [ALL | DISTINCT]
SELECT ...
[UNION [ALL | DISTINCT]
SELECT ...]
SELECT ]