This presentation is intended for Sep 21 2013 event for Apartments in Bangalore under Tie & IIHS, Sustainable City. Presentation by Arvind Tiwary, Co-chair, Clean Tech SIG, TiE Bangalore.

1. Alternative Energy:
The time is Nigh
ArvindTiwary
Co-chair, Clean Tech SIG, TiE Bangalore
SangEnnovate

2. Background
 This presentation is intended for
Sep 21 2013 event for Apartments in Bangalore
under Tie & IIHS, Sustainable City
 Numbers quoted are illustrative and taken from end 2013 and early 2013
 Credits to TiE members
 Uday / Trueskill
 Manasij / EnerPlus
 Ramesh / Buildmet
 Gautam, Pamli , Ashok ..
Note: Volatility in Exchange rates will alter the numbers a bit !!

3. Grid Power: A implosion waiting to happen
 India has a net deficit of Electric power
 Demand exceeds Supply esp in South by 16-22%.
(Source Central Electricity Authority)
 Distribution companies are loosing Money
 Grid power charged at Rs5-10/Unit
 Accounting for T&D losses etc DISCOM
will need 10-12 /Unit to break even
 Future is Not BRIGHT
 Losses mean less “investment” in Operational maintenance
 Losses dis–incentive to more generation capacity
 Grid Blackout, Increasing brownout likely
 MNRE
 Natn Renewable Energy 12%
 30% Subsidy
 SCI Solar Corporation of India

4. Economics of Electricity

5. Item Current Situation
Grid • Domestic 5.6 Rs /unit
• Commercial 7-12 Rs /unit
• Inflation 6-8%  Rs 8 ++ by 2017
Diesel ~3-6 KwH /L  Rs 13-22 /Unit (OPEX also Efficiency varies by Load% )
Solar PV
Merchant or
Utility Level
( MW Scale)
• Gujarat 2010-2012 Tenders Rs 12.54/unit LCOE ( leveled cost
over 20 -25 years CAPEX planned 16.5 Crore /MW)
• now seeking tariff for purchase by State Electricity Board
around Rs 9/Unit (Actual CAPEX 11.2 Crore /MW)
• Residential Roof Top Solar in Bangalore expected at LCOE
around Rs 6-7/Unit ( Grid Connected No Batteries)
Wind Rs 3.5-5.5 /Unit @ MW Scale . Avg 20% utilization
BioGas Rs 2.5 – 4/unit Gas Electricity Generator
Economics of Electricity

6. FIT
Feed in Tariffs
• Utility (BESCOM) to
pay Consumers for
feeding Electricity to
Grid
• Allows BESCOM to
delay capacity
Addition, Peak power
reduces Distribution
loses as distributed
generation and local
usage
• Needs smart grid.
Metering, Demand
and supply forecasting
and dispatching
Net Metering
( Lets Pray it is in Pipeline!!)
• Meter of power
consumed from Grid
• Meter of power fed to
Grid
• Net Power used is
billed by BESCOM
• No payment from
BESCOM if you
supplied more then
used
Grid Feeding
• Pilot with 440V 3
Phase balanced and
conditioned ( Voltage
and frequency bands )
• Later 220V single
phase

7. Comparison
• CAPEX Rs 1.5 L/KW
• LCOE 6-7/Unit
• Most suitable for
urban Bangalore.
Proven technology
and vibrant supplier
eco system.
Probably low point
in TCO cycle
Solar
• Rs 1.0-3 L/KW
• 4-5/Unit
• Mainstream at MW
scale. Wind Farms.
Urban settings need
new approach. Few
vendors for Sub MW
scale
Wind
• Rs 0,8 – 1.5L/KW
• Rs 2.5-4 /unit
• Bio to cooking gas
Robust mass adoption.
• Convert to power
using gas generator
• Older designs need
constant care and
manual intervention.
• Continuous process
Bio

8. Bio Gas

9. Gas and Power Output
1 Tonne/Day
= 60
kWh/day3
1m3 Biogas
= 0.4 kg of
LPG
1m3 Biogas
= 1 kWh
Electricity
1
Tonne/Day
= 24-28 kg
of LPG
1 Tonne
Municipal
Waste ~
60-70 m
1
Tonne/Day
= 100 kg
fertilizer
Feedstock Typical Gas Output
(m3 per tonne)
Cattle &
Animal
Waste
15-25
Chicken
Litter
30-100
Grass &
Farm Waste
160-220
Food Waste 200-600
• % of Wet Wastes in MSW – 40-50%
• Household – 40%
• Hotels/ Resorts / Malls – 50%
• Fruit & Vegetable Markets – 10%
400gm/Person/day

10. IISc Slug Flow Biogas Plant
1 tpd plant at BITS Goa Campus, 2009: Mess and kitchen wastes

11. Wind

12. Wind
 Large scale Wind farm deployments
 Peak power varies as cube of wind speed
 Intermittent 20% utilization
 Wind shadows and turbulence in urban setting
 Common Horizontal Axis. Large MW range
 Avg Annual Wind speed 15-26 MPH
 30 year Life cycle
 Wear tear on moving parts. SW optimization for direction etc.
 Leveled costs can be low
 Need to extrapolate from Airport wind measurements or do annual data
collection

13. Wind Energy Utilization
7.3% March 99
50.6 July 2006

14. Micro Vertical Wind Turbine :
Old Wine in New Bottle for urban settings
 650Wp to 5 KWp
 3-7 meters height. Avoid 10 X Ht wind shadow on roof top.
 Power from 10 Mph + . Optimum around 15-25 Mph
 160 Kg /2KWp to 600 Kg 5KWp

15. Solar PV

16. Types of Solar PV usage
 Direct DC loads.
 Low power. No BIG Startup surge ( AC, Pump)
 Grid Connected
 Direct AC inverter
 Needs Grid Reference Voltage, Frequency for Invertors
 220V single phase or 3 phase 440V.
 Special Invertors for Indian volatile grid conditions
 Off Grid
 Battery Backup ( Special Battery !!)
 Offload Diesel
 Low penetration < 20%
 High penetration > 70% Overload from Solar PV, Dump load
 Charger Control
 Under , Over charge, Deep Discharge cycle
 Conditioning Load, Frequency, Voltage

17. Recommendation

18. Goal for Energy Security
 Reduce consumption by 5-12%
 Energy Audit
 Source 25-33% from alternative sources
 Solar, Wind, Bio
 Dedicated usage only if very clear ROI and robust
 Solar Pump, STP
 Hybrid or Mixed usage
 Power produced is converted to AC and Voltage and Frequency stabilized to
grid level
 DG Set is rarely used for full backup as Solar, etc provide
 Modularize DG to work efficiently at different loads
 Priority to use Own Produced energy before Grid

19. Types of Renewable
Energy Usage Hybrid ( Recommended )
Multiple Energy
Sources
Grid (100%) ,
GenSet ( 20-
80%)
Solar PV,
Optional Wind
Bio (20-33%)
Battery (Small 5-
10%)
MultipleWiring
Grid / GenSet
Only Load, DC
only Load
Conditioning,
Trackers, Islanding
Voltage ,
Amperage and
frequency
variance
Ability to Isolate
subsystem,
component
Track peak
demand (
Pump, AC
startup) and
generation
(Very bright
sunny day)
Prioritization
User defined :
Solar, Grid,
GenSet
Use cases :
No Grid
Genset+PV, No
GenSet Grid
+PV , No Grid &
No Genset only
PV,

21. KEY Question
Willingness to
pay for CAPEX to
secure lower
cost power then
genset
Summary
 Consider 20KWp+ Hybrid.
 Solar PV between 15-50KWp Hybrid grid .Small 2-10 KWp Wind/ Bio
 Feed to grid 440V 3 phase to benefit for future net Metering
 Use existing Genset backup rather then “overinvest” in Battery
 Contracting Approach
 Quality over cost as expensive if failures over 20-25 year cycle
 Invertors and Installation (Wiring, enclosures) are hotspots.
 IP6 Open Enclosures wind, water, hail, earthing, High DC Amperage flow …
 Failure points and replacements costed in . Invertors etc
 Need to arrange credible support for long term supply 15-20 years.
 Consider some form of power purchase to keep engagement
 We will buy Power at agreed rates for 10-12 years.
 We will need to invest 30% of CAPEX ( 20-30L) for reasonable rates.
 Alternative Energy projects are financed at 13%+ by Commercial banks
 Subsidy may go away. So please start NOW….
 End of Life disposal issues

22. Disruptive Future
 Producer
 Centralized, Utility Newspaper
 Consumer
 Distributed, Mass
 ProSumer
 Citizen Journalist
 Differentiated Niches
 Distributed Power generation and consumption

23. Thank You
Event Sponsors & Partners