Kenya ict survey 2011

Kenya ICT Board
Monitoring and Evaluation Survey Results

22ND November 2011

Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved.

Agenda



Project Background


Market Overview (Key Indicators 2010, Kenya IT Market Value (US$M) Forecast 2010-
2015, Kenya IT spend by Vertical segments)
ICT Ecosystem Overview - Vendor Survey (market Structure, challenges, opportunities,


Vendors performance, outlook)


International Benchmarking


ICT Skills Survey Highlights


Residential Usage and Penetration Highlights


Business Survey Highlights


Recommendations


Project Background
•


Background

Survey Objectives Survey Highlights

 Understanding the Kenyan ICT  Aims to provide ground-breaking primary research that
Ecosystem and trends in the encompasses numerous market sub -segments and
market. different stakeholders

 Sizing the ICT Market and its sub  It will leverage on existing secondary market research in
segments (hardware, software, order to consolidate existing discrete market information
services, etc) in Kenya.
 It will have a repeat cycle to gauge the progress and
 Compiling a baseline of key ICT impact of KICTB and other stakeholders’ initiatives.
KPIs
 The survey is consultative as well – where multiple
 Benchmarking key Kenya ICT stakeholders are both respondents (i.e. What are your
indicators against six countries issues?) and also beneficiaries (i.e. What to do?)

 Understanding the ICT Skills  Timely – to augment development of existing KICTB
availability, demand and gaps projects – Pasha centres (rural access) , Tandaa (digital
content), Wezesha (asset financing) as well as other
government ICT initiatives


Kenya ICT Market Overview
•


Market Overview
Kenya ICT Market Key Indicators

Volume of international traffic (Mbps) 20,209.56 Mbps
International Internet bandwidth, Mbps per 10,000 population 4.2
Number of Computers per 100 inhabitants 2.4
% of households with a personal computer 6.3%
Total number of Internet Subscriptions 4,716,977
Total number of internet users 10,199,836
% of population with Internet Access 25.9%
Internet subscribers as % of total population 11.5%
Total number of main fixed lines (fixed lines plus fixed wireless) 380,748
Total number of mobile subscriptions 24,968,891
Number of .Ke domain names 18,000.00
% of organizations with a website 90.0%
% of full time employees who use internet for work at least once a week 52.14%


Market Overview
ICT Spending by Technology Areas


Market Overview
Spending by Vertical Sectors


Kenya ICT Ecosystem
•


Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Structure


Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Highlights 1/2
There are an estimated 20-30 vendors present in the market most of whom rely on a


small pool of major distributors and Tier 1 Value Added Resellers (VARs) and
Dealers who combined account for the bulk of ICT Business in Kenya estimated at
nearly 50-60%.
On average PC and Printer vendors each have between three to four distributors


and at least six other partners (dealers and systems integrators) each at different
market levels.
At the lower part of the pyramid are Tier 2 VARs and dealers, estimated to number


more than 100 players and whose focus is part of the SME segment, the SMME and
home user segment. These are players who typically do not have a country wide
presence and would largely be found operating at a provincial level or even a
national level (where SMEs have such a presence to require nationwide services)
but at a smaller scale nonetheless.
These Tier 2 firms are mostly Kenyan owned companies serving other Kenyan


owned businesses and occasionally securing parts of relatively good contracts in the
government and education segments, where procurement of goods or services may
require a local player.


Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Highlights 2/2
The Tier I players largely comprise companies with both a national and regional


presence, and in most instances are majority foreign owned companies spinning off
regional offices in South Africa, UAE, India among other countries.
Owing to having a good foothold in their parent regions, coupled with access to


industry best practices, fairly solid skills bases and access to capital, such
companies have been able to target the market segment that includes multinational
companies (MNCs), large enterprises and government, where such credentials bear
heavily on decision making at this level.
Vendor competition on channel partnerships has intensified with main distributors


being sought after by other vendors to leverage on their reseller network. Thus
multiple brand handling by the channels is the norm even for channel partners who
were "loyal" to certain vendors.
The channel is maturing fast with thinning out of grey shipments.


Telcos and telco channels are now selling PCs.



Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Highlights 2/2
Vendors are keen on setting up offices in Kenya to serve the East and Central Africa


region.
Vendors with a local presence enhance the brand image significantly as well as


improve logistical support and increased marketing campaigns.
With more vendors setting up locally, the market has seen an increase in both the


number of channel partners.
Government initiatives including infrastructure development, regulatory reforms


(licencing frameworks), investment in public access centres, e-government projects,
content creation, device subsidies, have all had a very positive effect in transforming
the market, stimulating investment, ICT uptake and bolstering confidence in the
overall ICT market.
Thus vendors have registered positive growth over the last three years of between
•

15-15% in business and with some posting growth in headcount of between 25-50%


Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Kenya as a regional Hub

• Kenya is without doubt the regional
hub for most vendors with a regional
reach spanning between three to six Among the countries
•

countries on average for vendors. Kenya based vendors
have reach into from
• Aside from being a hub, it is also a their Kenyan hub
stepping stone for these vendors to include:
set up operations in neighbouring Uganda, Tanzania,
•

countries but still maintaining Rwanda, Burundi,
somewhat centralized marketing, Ethiopia and Southern
inventory and support functions at Sudan.
regional levels.

• Inherent in this structure are various
opportunities including training, skills
transfer, overall higher employment,
technology leadership and increased
investment.

Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Challenges faced
Challenges
•



Currency fluctuation affecting imports
Overall low purchasing power especially in 2011 with high inflation putting pressure


on disposable income.
Taxation on consumable products and unclear taxation framework to define various


ICT imports.
Product/Service quality perception vis a vis other competing products/services in the


market (e.g. pro-West stance or pro-more established brands)
Lengthy customs procedures - demurrage costs passed on to users therefore higher


prices.


Sourcing highly qualified talent.


Doing business with the government – procurement laws.


Market Opportunities
Skills development.


Further infrastructure investment mainly last mile access and quality of existing


networks is crucial for more pervasive adoption.
Reform tax environment to attract ICT investors.


Addressing the problem of counterfeit products (consumables, devices) , with


support of relevant government departments (in terms of scrutiny, enforcement
and standards). The success experienced by counterfeiters illustrates there is
good demand for products.
Skills gaps are opportunities where channel partners can intervene themselves


rather than leave it up to vendors to acquire and maintain the skills. Channel
partners can develop their own existing staff to meet some of these positions and
leave the vendor to have a basic presence - a sort of shift down the tier and in line
with the earlier stated objective to deepen intimacy with customers and strengthen
the channel.
Overall growth in the IT market will continue to stimulate growth in other areas.


Enhance the platform for increasing regional reach.



Kenya ICT Ecosystem
Vendors’ Market Outlook


Investing in specific ICT Skills like mobile applications development and setting up
innovation hubs.


Vendors have deliberate strategies to develop and use more local talent than imported.


Setting up innovation funds at academic levels and for developer groups


Entry of products relevant to the local market and environment (e.g. solar powered devices)


Increased participation in government driven ICT programmes.


Watching very keenly on developments with the Konza Digital City with a view to enhancing
presence and regional investment.


Deepen customer relations as more intimacy is needed in the market.
Reforming go to market strategies in line with a changing ecosystem underpinned by


technological and other developments.


Increase presence in the region, headcount and channel partnerships.


Enhance vertical sector and product specializations – skills, products, GTM approach.


Focus on infrastructure issues and how to address how lack of adequate infrastructure
(power) affects uptake.


Benchmarking Kenya
•


Benchmarking
Internet Users vs Connections as a % of population

In more developed countries


the total number of
connections vis a vis the
number of users are evenly
spread
In countries like Kenya,


Nigeria and Morocco, there
are lower numbers of
connections but higher
number of users indicating
most connections are shared
connections and largely
comprise business
connections (including
publicly accessible
connections like cyber cafes,
education institutions).


Benchmarking
Total Internet vs Household penetration

Kenya has a higher internet


penetration vis a vis South Africa
but mainly bolstered by mobile
internet connections though with
a lower proportion of households
connected owing to a declining
fixed network and poor
development of DSL based
services.
Kenya compares much better


than both Nigeria and Rwanda
on both counts
Egypt has a much higher overall


and household internet
penetration with a huge gap
between Kenya of almost 25
percentage points at household
level.


Benchmarking
Computer Penetration

Kenya has slightly higher


PC penetration rates
than Nigeria and Rwanda
but still very far behind
South Africa and
Morocco, mostly owing to
lower disposable income
than these countries.


Benchmarking
Household Internet Access vs Household PC Access

In terms of PC Access at the


household level, Kenya is only
better than Rwanda.
It should be noted that Nigeria as


a manufacturer of PCs (Zinox
brand) that are locally affordable,
accounts for much higher PC
penetration at household levels
but negligible household internet
penetration given infrastructure
issues (submarine cables arrived
way after they did in East Africa)


Benchmarking
Business Internet Usage

In terms of business usage of


the internet, Kenya is nearly
on par with more developed
countries like Egypt and
Morocco and slightly ahead of
Nigeria


Benchmarking
Broadband Access Tariffs

Despite additional capacity,


cost of broadband is still a
factor for business vis a vis
other countries.
Nigeria has recently got a lot


of international bandwidth
but constrained somewhat by
back bone, last mile access
and electricity challenges.
Landlocked Rwanda largely


relies on bandwidth from
operators in neighbouring
countries.


•

IT Skills Survey


IT Skills Survey Highlights
IT Employment by Profession

 Of the total IT employment in Kenya (~27,000
IT professionals in 2010), IT support people
represent the largest portion (27%), followed
by Applications Systems Analysts and
System Engineers (13% each).

 The structure of IT professions is slightly
different for IT companies and end-users.
While the IT management and administration
professions prevail in the end-user segment,
IT companies employ more IT development-
related professionals.

Source: IDC IT Skills Model


Demand Prediction by Professions

 Roughly 9600 IT professionals are
expected to be added to the
Kenyan IT workforce.

 The demand for individual IT
professions differs by profession.

 Software Developers (at 70%
growth) and Project Managers (at
57% growth) are the professions
expected to grow the fastest over
the period 2011-2013.



Availability of IT Professionals

 Application Systems Analysts and
Software Developers are the IT
professions that are least available.
Approximately 45% of respondents
reported they are very difficult or
difficult to find.

 On the contrary, IT Support people
and IT Administrators are much easier
to find – only for less than 10% of
respondents, they were reported as
very difficult of difficult to find.

Source: IDC IT Skills Research
Source: Business Survey N = 158


Demand/Availability Matrix for IT Professions

Consider Focus
% of companies reported very difficult or difficult

Di

Application
Syste
ms Software developer
Analy
st
t
l
u
c
i
f
f

System Engineer
Av

IT Manager/ IT Consultant
IT Project
to find

Direct
or M
Team Leader a
Web Designer n
a
i
l
i
b
a
l
i
a

IT Administrator
E

g
IT Support e
Monitor
r
y
s
a

Low Demand High

New jobs growth between 2011 and 2013


Demand Prediction by IT Skills

 The demand for individual IT
professions differs. The most
growing demand will be seen for
IT Project Management Skills
(136%) and Software
development skills (135%).

 IT Administration and HW skills
are projected to grow at the lowest
rate – less than 12%.



Availability of IT Skills

 Software development/deployment &
Enterprise/business application skills are
least available – for approximately 30% of
interviewed organizations, these
professions are very difficult or difficult to
find.

 Project management, security and mobile

technology skills were also reported as
difficult to find.

 Internet-related & Networking skills are

available and easy to find.

Source: Business Survey N = 158


Demand/Availability Matrix for IT Skills

Consider Focus
% of companies reported very difficult or difficult

Di

Software
Enterprise/Business Devel
Applicati opme
ons nt
t
l
u
c
i
f
f

Security
IT Project
Data Mobile Ma
S T na
Av

t e ge
to find

o Databases c me
HW r h nt
IT Adm. a Networking n
g ol
i
l
i
b
a
l
i
a
E

Internet e o
gi
Monitor e
s
y
s
a

Low Demand High

New jobs growth between 2011 and 2013


Supply side: Skills lacking in graduates
 Skills lacking in graduates: Interviewees were asked about the skills they thought their
graduates were lacking in or particularly strong in, following are the skills plotted
representing an average of the ratings.
Hardware Problem
s s
k o Software
i l s
l v k
l i i
s n l
LACKING g l STRONG IN
Skills in graduates s

Project Structured & Team skills
m Inn
a ov
n ativ
 a e
Software skills and Problem solving skills rated the highest while hardware and project
g thi
management skills rated much lower.
e nki
ng

Demand Side : Skills lacking in graduates
Q: What type of skills are the graduates particularly
 When probed on the types of skills usually lacking?
lacking in graduates, companies cited

Innovative thinking, Problem solving and

Project management/implementation as the

top three skills that are lacking

 Some of these findings were seconded by the

university interviewees which indicated lower

ratings on project management/implementation

skills and innovative thinking.

 Based on some interviews with ICT

companies, Business/ Soft skills were cited as

lacking in graduates as well as keeping up with

technology trends; the view was expressed

that the gap between theory and practice

needs to be bridged via mediums such as Source: Business Survey

internships

Overall business perception of IT Skills

 Roughly a quarter of companies
are not satisfied with the quality
of IT professionals from
educational institutions in Kenya

 Approximately a third of
companies have contacted or
plan to contact external providers
to manage the skills shortages.

 Roughly half of the respondents
believe that the lack of IT skills
significantly impacts business
and IT operations & performance.

Source: Business Survey


Inhibitors – Supply Side/Educ inst view

• Funding and Infrastructure constraints cause less availability of resources and labs; not
all the educational institutions are adequately networked
• Scarcity of experienced faculty and a general shortage of teaching skills for technology; it
was also indicated that it is tough for educational institutions to match private sector pay
• Last-mile connectivity to rural areas was also cited as an inhibitor. This severely limits
the availability and accessibility of internet, both from a quality and price perspective
• Quality of education: The view was expressed by more than one interviewee that skills
obtained from many colleges and institutions are not adequate for the industry.
Consistency of curriculum was a common theme, with the lack of guidelines
emphasized. The watered-down value of certifications and lack of market-relevant
courses in some educational institutions were other themes.
• General lack of understanding of IT as a career


Inhibitors - Businesses view

Q. In your opinion, what are the key factors hampering the availability of IT skilled professionals in the country?

Source: Business Survey


Residents Survey Highlights
•


IT companies view of inhibitors of IT skills
 Some large ICT companies were of the opinion that that the overall skills pool in the Kenyan market
is rather limited.
 The view was also expressed that there is more of a gap at the advanced skills level as many IT
professionals with advanced skills leave the Kenyan market while there is not much of an influx of
experienced professionals from abroad.
 Another related issue is loyalty and attrition; IT professionals are perceived as migratory and there
seems to be a fair bit of poaching; an opinion which is consistent with the business survey where
80% of the companies indicated that attrition has a minor to significant impact on their
organizations.
 Frequency and size of IT projects: The view was expressed that there may not be enough big IT
projects that can result in a large pool of skilled personnel, consequently there are not enough
projects that allow professionals to exhibit or develop their skills.
 Availability of lower cost imported ICT labour was also cited as an inhibitor to skills supply.


IT

IT Skills Survey Highlights P
r
o

Gap analysis framework f
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
Training/ Re-
t
r f
r
a o
i m
n
a
i b
‘Unqualified’ Students
n r
s o w
g
u a h
p d o
‘Brain drain’ p
es l g
pe y o
cia
lly o a
r Attrition
b
at
hig r
he S o
r k a
Gaps filled by expats
Gap
Sk i d for
ill l short-
Move to o term
lev l
m r project
els s
a Demand duratio
n
n p
m
Copyrighta
IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved.
i u

Dimensions of the gap in IT skills
Technical gaps
• Enterprise/busine
ss application
skills, software
development,
mobile
applications
• IBM and SAP
related
technology skills

Higher-level gaps
• Shortage of experienced IT Graduate-level skill gaps
personnel Gap in IT • Project management
• Poaching and moving prof • Problem solving
abroad i.e. ‘brain drain’ ess • Innovative thinking
reported; also technical staff ion • Gap between theoretical
moving to management als and practical skills;
tracks insistence of some
• Experienced professionals experience from IT firms
from abroad not coming in
Quality gaps
• Candidates who
have certifications
and educational
qualifications but do
not bring the
expected quality
• Inconsistencies in
course duration and
curriculum within
the courses

Overall Recommendation areas and initiatives
Establish specialized training
Expand capacities of universities
programs for Integrate ICT in education
and colleges
graduates
• Provide infrastructure and funding • Focus on recognized skill gaps such • Incorporate more ICT elements at
support as business skills and ‘soft’ skills secondary level
• Address qualified teaching shortage; • Partner with training/ICT companies; • More attachment programs and
Evaluate & incentivize the supply encourage investment to ensure internships with technology
training availability companies to learn and apply

Harmonize and monitor supply &
Focus on special interest areas Improve connectivity
demand
• Local context and relevance e.g. ICT • Provide last-mile connectivity • Definitions and quantification of
in agriculture through pricing incentives demand roles and types of skills
• Innovation areas similar to m-pesa • Help middle and lower tiers of • Policy on course design and criteria
• Incentivize reverse brain drain i.e. educational institutions to get to fulfil these roles
Kenyans based abroad connected • Open up data to relevant
stakeholders

Financing & Support Review ICT curricula Promote IT as a career

• Specialized funding for ICT courses • More regulation, more rigor and • Attract more people (especially youth
• ICT incubators with educational standardization and females) via promotional
institutions • Public-private partnership body to campaigns
• Tax relief & special funds for ensure curriculum standardization • Attractive industry compensation
technology focus areas • Online mechanism with Assessment standards
of IT skills online
Government organizations, IT companies and Educational institutions would need to collaborate extensively in
the above areas to achieve the ICT skills-related objectives related to the Strategic Plan and Kenya
2030.

Projects prioritization

Consider Implement
Expand capacities of
univer
High

sities
Review university curricula
and
colleg
Focus on special interest
Improve connectivity es areas
Establish specialized
progr
ams
for
Promote IT as a career
Financing & Support grad
uate
Integrate ICT in education
s
Harmonize and monitor
Impact

suppl
y&
dema
nd

Low Ease of implementation High
Low


Resident’s Survey Highlights
Internet Usage at home

Internet Home Penetration by Location

Internet Home Penetration by SCL

Base : Total Sample (750)

 26% of the surveyed HH use internet

 Internet usage increases by SCL levels. It is highest in Mombasa (37%)

Base = The figure in parenthesis represents
Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. the base of the respective category

Internet Usage at home
Inhibitors for Not Using internet at home

Q17. What are the reasons for not having internet
connection at home till now?

Highest in Eldoret (77%), in SCL D (77%),

Highest in Kisumu (43%), in SCL C2 (39%),

Highest in Nyeri (21%), in SCL AB (18%), among the 15-24 yrs (22%)

Highest in Nyeri (32%), in SCL AB (17%)

Highest in SCL D (36%), among the 45+ yrs (26%)

Highest in Kisumu (11%)

 Unavailability of PC is the main reason for not using internet from homes (58%)

 The usage of internet within low SCL’s (D and C2) is mainly hindered by their inability to buy PC’s or pay for internet
connection


Kind of PC, Internet Device & Mobile Service Used

Q25. What kind of PC do you use? Q60. Which kind of mobile service do you use?

Base : Users of PC (519) Base : Users of Mobile Phone (746)

Q31. Which of the following devices have you used to access the
Internet in the past 12 months?

 Accessing internet is largely done from
mobiles, either internet-enabled handsets
(80%) or smartphones (15%)

 A significant portion of PC usage (desktop or
laptop) is dedicated to accessing the internet

Base : Users of Internet (592)


Purposes for Using PC

Q27. What is your primary purpose for using the PC?

Detailed by Age Detailed by Gender
Overall
15 – 24 25-34 35-44 45+ Male
Female (206)
(219) (163) (67) (70) (313)

69% 72% 72% 76% 71% 71%

77% 70% 49% 40% 68% 64%

63% 65% 66% 67% 64% 65%

57% 42% 27% 30% 43% 47%

20% 44% 43% 59% 40% 29%

Base : Users of PC (519)

 Respondents use PC mainly to perform personal task (71%), especially old individuals 45+ years

 Entertainment and education purposes drive respondents 15-34 yrs old to use PC. These reasons decrease significantly
among older users (35+yrs)

 Old males (45+ yrs) tend to use PC for work reasons much more than other demographics.


Purposes for Using the Mobile Phone

Q59. Which of the following services do you actively use on your mobile device?
Overall
15 – 24 25-34 35-44 45+ Male Female
(219) (163) (67) (70) (313) (206)

97% 96% 97% 99% 97% 96%
97% 97% 99% 88% 96% 95%
51% 52% 41% 26% 46% 45%
53% 45% 34% 23% 44% 40%
47% 41% 31% 17% 39% 34%
42% 35% 34% 24% 38% 31%
36% 31% 32% 21% 30% 32%
33% 23% 20% 10% 25% 22%
20% 17% 10% 8% 18% 12%

Base : Users of Mobile Phone (746)

 Calling and texting share respondents' main usage of the mobile (around 97%)

 The usage of internet enabled services and PIM mainly attracts the young category (15-24 yrs). Their usage decreases
significantly by age


Confidence in Using the PC
Overall

Q47a. How confident are you in using…

 Highest confidence is recorded in the areas of text processing (68%) and working with spreadsheets(57%)

 PC users are least confident in maintaining the computer (checking and solving problems, 36%) and programming (31%)

Base = Users of PC
Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. (n=519)

Confidence in Using the Internet
Overall

Q47b. How confident are you in using…

 Highest confidence is recorded in the areas of using search engines (80%) and email communication (79%)

 Internet users are least confident in creating web pages / blogs (29%)

Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. AllUsers of Internet
Base = rights reserved. (n=592)

Financial Transactions on the Internet and Mobile
Type of transition, Number of online Purchases

Q38. Which of the following on-line / electronic (through internet or mobile) services have you used in the past 12
months?

Base : Respondents Using Online Banking or purchases (510)

 4 of the top 5 e-transactions are done via mobile

 Online e-transactions are almost not present and include online banking (4%), utility payments (3%) and the purchase of
products and services (2%)


Tasks Performed on the Internet

Q34. Do you use the Internet to perform any of the following tasks?
15 - 24 25-34 35-44 45+ Male Female
(238) (182) (88) (84) (346) (246)
81% 82% 76% 57% 79% 76%
68% 70% 66% 64% 70% 65%
48% 42% 24% 29% 39% 40%
37% 27% 23% 19% 31% 26%
25% 30% 26% 33% 27% 29%
19% 34% 26% 34% 29% 25%
28% 23% 14% 8% 25% 18%
21% 25% 22% 19% 25% 18%
17% 21% 23% 29% 21% 20%
13% 10% 14% 11% 13% 11%
11% 13% 14% 16% 13% 11%
6% 11% 13% 8% 10% 7%
6% 8% 10% 5% 8% 7%
4% 5% 7% 2% 5% 4%
5% 8% 2% 5% 6% 4%
2% 4% 0% 4% 4% 1%

 The main purposes for using the internet are communicating with colleagues (77%) and searching for information (68%),
exceeding by far other reasons.

 Internet users 35+ yrs old perform business-oriented internet tasks (communicating with customers, scheduling
appointments, etc.) more than younger users who look for more social, entertaining or educational activities online


Satisfaction With Internet Service

Q46. The following questions are about your satisfaction with the Internet service you use. I will ask you about
various characteristics of the service, for each one please select a number from 1-7, where 1 = Very
dissatisfied, and 7 = very satisfied


 68% of internet services are satisfied with the overall internet service. This is mainly driven by the reliability, speed and
cost of this service

 Internet users record lowest satisfaction with the support they are getting from providers (41%)


Awareness of e-Government Services

Q65. Are you aware of any government services available online? If yes, have you used any for your non-work
related matters in the past 12 months?


 Overall awareness of e-government services is significant (53%). But their actual usage is low (23%), concentrated
especially in Nyeri (23%)


Type of e-Government Services Used in Past 12 Months

Q66. Which of the following e-government services have you used in the past 12 months for none-work related
matters?

Copyright IDC. Reproduction isBase = Users of e-Government Services
forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. in Past 12 Months (n=103)

Other e-Government Services

Q68. Are there any other government services you would like to see available on line?

Advertisement of Government positions 20%
Application of birth certificates 13%
Electronic elections 13%
Processing of licenses by KRA - Any other government services you would like available online 7%
Title deeds acquisition 7%
Downloadable ID cards/ passports 7%
How the budget is prepared/processed 7%
People with disabilities should be put online 7%
Show/upload government services 7%
City council stickers 7%
Efficiency/accountability of government related work and projects 7%
Payment of council levies 7%
Appointments for government positions 7%
ID registration 7%

None/Don’t Know : 85%

Copyright IDC. Reproduction isBase = Users of e-Government Services
forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved. in Past 12 Months (n=103)

Barriers to ICT Usage

Q63. What are some of the reasons that may be limiting your use of ICT (computers and Internet)?

Detailed by Location
Mombasa Eldoret Kisumu Nyeri
Nairobi (253)
(179) (98) (120) (100)

37% 36% 40% 58% 30%
41% 31% 32% 43% 25%
25% 34% 34% 38% 26%
24% 27% 19% 33% 21%
20% 18% 14% 15% 27%
21% 15% 16% 24% 20%
21% 18% 15% 3% 19%
14% 18% 6% 14% 19%
11% 7% 5% 18% 6%
8% 14% 4% 23% 2%
7% 9% 2% 16% 1%
6% 9% 8% 7% 6%
3% 7% 1% 7% 4%
0% 8% 1% 8% 1%
3% 2% 0% 3% 6%


 Unavailability of computers accompanied with theirs high cost as well as the costs of internet connections are the main
barriers to the use of ICT

 Residents of Kisumu are mostly affected by these barriers compared to respondents from other cities.


Recap of Main Findings
 Acquiring ICT skills in Kenya is significantly affected by the overall social status of households and
respondents
 The unavailability of PC and internet at homes due mainly to their high cost and the inability of
respondents to purchase them emerges as the main barrier against ICT knowledge
 Another barrier is the absence of internet infrastructure in some neighbours which is prohibiting those
who are financially capable (SCL AB) form enjoying this service
 This is leading to the fact that most internet access is done via mobile or from places outside home
where respondents are satisfied by its cost, speed and reliability
 Usage of PC, internet and mobiles is generally limited to basic features

 The same main barriers (cost and unavailability of PC and internet) that are reducing the use of internet
and PC are also preventing respondents from taking ICT training courses
 With these factors pressing, only 16% of respondents have been trained on ICT skills in the last year

 Respondents are aiming to increase their general basic skills for using mobiles, PC and internet. They
reflect less desire to learn advanced features


Business Survey Highlights
•


Business Digital Presence

Which of the following does your organization have at present?



Constraints for internet usage



Total number of full time employees that have access or use shared / dedicated PC


Awareness and Usage of e-government services


Satisfaction with e-government services


Recommendations
IT Skills Gaps
Macro
Details Action
Area Broad Recommendations
Awareness programmes at education institutions on:
business needs vis a vis courses taken;
Increase
type of skills in high demand for the next 3-5 years
output of
current MIXTURE of skills needed
number of
attract the youth via promotional campaigns
skilled staff
Include middle & lower tiers of educational institutions to get
Focus connected
IT Bridging programmes to involve academia, graduates and ICT Business
Ski Enhance
leaders
Curriculum refresh and plan to do this regularly
quality of
lls skills
Inclusion of basic soft skills courses as part of the curriculum
Establishment of Industry Standards, Accreditation and Ethics body
Specialized funding for ICT courses
Focus Partner with training/ICT companies and ensure training availability
Mechanism to balance the need for expat labour vs skills transfer value
Protect local
Incentivize Diaspora to reverse brain drain
jobs & stem
More attachment programs and internships with technology
brain drain
Consider companies to learn and apply


Recommendations
Residential Usage
Macro
Details Action Broad Recommendations
Area
increase e-govt
Awareness programmes on services currently offered and follow
services Focus
up on suggested online government services
Re awareness
increase e-govt
Leverage mobile operators to update citizens on government

sid services usage
Focus services vis SMS (subsidized cost for government for bulk SMS).
Deploy relevant USSD driven services for citizens

ent
Solicit feedback on content of interest, esp. from non-users
Create awareness on other content and services
Content - review feedback on content most used and share with
ial beneficiaries of digital content funds to take
ICT Adoption Consider action/innovate/respond

Us Close collaboration with media to pursue the internet as a channel
for delivery.

ag Address costs - See macro item COST below
Access - see macro item INFRASTRUCTURE and COST below
Prioritized subsidies of public access centers after evaluation
e Cost of
services/Devices
Focus
Provide infrastructure support and services subsidies
Re-animate local assembly initiatives through vendor PPP and with
political will

Recommendations
Business Usage and Costs
Macro
Details Action

e-govt Awareness creation on existing content and services
services Focus Leverage on high internet adoption to interact with businesses more
Busi awareness via a various databases (e.g. customs, taxes, registry, immigration etc)
nes e-govt
s services
usage
Focus Roll out more services and solicit feedback on what is needed

Usa Skilled Staff Monitor See SKILLS macro
ge ICT
Cost of services and Quality of Services - need to sensitize business
Monitor users of their rights in collaboration with the sector regulator.
Adoption
Collaborative campaigns.
Internet
Consider Further subsidize public access areas, secondary schools
Services
Cos PC Costs Consider Revive local assembly initiatives (e.g. Nigeria with Zinox)

t Mobile
Device Consider
Partnerships with vendors of low cost devices, tap into local
application community
Costs

Recommendations
Channel & Infrastructure
Macro
Details Action
Vendor
confidence &
investment Monitor See Skills Macro Above
See SKILLS Macro above
Focused marketing & local promotional events that explicitly illustrate strengths
Foreign
Chan Investment
nel Nurture Tier 2 players as possible partners through capacity building, seed
Focus funding, preferential treatment in government procurement
Tier 1 VAR Monitor
Develop plans to help elevate Tier II players into Tier I players
Tier 2 VAR Business Incubation Initiatives
Focus Capacity building outside urban areas and create employment
Last Mile Pursue CCK about USF plans and enjoin KITCB in discussions on ICT Access Gaps
Access Consider Collaborate with CCK to sensitise operators on USF
Infras Backhaul to Develop a PPP framework & depart from ad hoc, covertly commercially
oriented PPPs that lack synergies and leveraging value.
truct remote Consider wireless/satellite technology elements in national infrastructure plans
ure areas
for remote areas to mix with other technologies for last mile access
Offer subsidies (and reward schemes) to operators with renewable energy
Power
focus or innovation that address power issues


Interventions for Recommendations

Macro areas addressed
Financial Infrastructure Skills Residential Channel Cost

Private Public Partnerships Infrastructure Skills Residential Cost

Regulation Infrastructure Business Residential Channel

Awareness Skills Business Residential

Content Skills Business Residential

Curriculum reform Skills


Thank You
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Kenya ict survey 2011

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