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Chapter 17  pp Reaction Kinetics
17.1 The Reaction Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reaction Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Molecular Representation of the Elementary Steps in the Reaction of NO 2  and CO   Overall:  NO 2  + CO    NO + CO 2 Step 1:  NO 2  + NO 2      NO 3  +  NO   (k 1 ) Step 2:  NO 3  +  CO      NO 2  +  CO 2   (k 2 ) NO 3  is an  intermediate
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction Mechanisms
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction Mechanisms
Finding the Reaction Mechanism   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Concentration Time [H 2 ]
[object Object],Concentration Time [H 2 ] [N 2 ]
[object Object],Concentration Time [H 2 ] [N 2 ] [NH 3 ]
Definition of Rate. 2NO 2     2NO + O 2
Collision Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tr96 Fig. 17-9 p. 533 Possible Collision Patterns
Several Possible Orientations for a Collision Between Two BrNO Molecules.  (a) & (b) can lead to a collision, (c) cannot.
No Reaction O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br O N Br
Activation Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activation Energy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Reaction coordinate Reactants Products
Energy Reaction coordinate Reactants Products Activation Energy - Minimum energy to make the reaction happen
Energy Reaction coordinate Reactants Products Activated Complex or Transition State
Energy Reaction coordinate Reactants Products Overall energy change
Tr95A A e  Differences in Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tr95A A e  Differences in Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Detour for STAR Test review ,[object Object],[object Object]
Le Châtelier’s Principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changes in Pressure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Concentration N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Concentration N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Concentration N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Concentration N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Changing Temperature   N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g)  +  92  kJ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exothermic Review   N 2(g)  + 3H 2(g)   2NH 3(g)  +  92  kJ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Endothermic Review 2H 2 O (g)  + 484 kJ   2H 2(g)  + O 2(g) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gas Phase Equilibrium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Le Chatelier Review   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Le Chatelier Review   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Le Chatelier Review   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A. Types of Radiation   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],paper 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],1- lead ,[object Object],[object Object],1+ ,[object Object],[object Object],0 concrete
Radiation Protection   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radiation Protection
B. Nuclear Decay   pp ,[object Object],Atomic & Mass Numbers must balance!! parent nuclide daughter nuclide alpha particle
B. Nuclear Decay   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],electron positron
B. Nuclear Decay   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],electron
 
Gamma radiation   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Learning Check NR1   pp ,[object Object]
Solution NR1   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Producing Radioactive Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check NR2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution NR2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Addition Polymers   pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Addition Polymers
17.2 Reaction Rate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Things that Affect Rate #1   Nature of Reactants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Things that Affect Rate #2 Surface Area ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Things that Affect Rate #3 Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Things that Affect Rate #4 Concentration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tr98 Fig. 17-13 p. 540 Concentration Affects Rate ,[object Object],[object Object]
Things that Affect Rate #5 Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Reaction coordinate Reactants Products
Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Plots for a Catalyzed and an Uncatalyzed Pathway for a Given Reaction. ∆ E  is the same in both cases!
Tr97A Fig. 17-15 p. 541 Comparing Pathways for Decomposing H 2 O 2  by Various Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object]
Tr97A Fig. 17-15 p. 541 Comparing Pathways for Decomposing H 2 O 2  by Various Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Catalysts Pt surface H H H H H H H H
Catalysts Pt surface H H H H C H H C H H
Catalysts ,[object Object],Pt surface H H H H C H H C H H
Catalysts ,[object Object],Pt surface H H H H C H H C H H
Catalysts Pt surface H C H H C H H H H H
Heterogenous Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Homogenous Catalysts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Catalysts and rate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Catalysts and rate. ,[object Object],[object Object],Concentration of reactants Rate
Rate Laws:  An Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rate Laws
Rate Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2 NO 2  2   NO + O 2
Definition of Rate. 2NO 2     2NO + O 2
Determining Rate Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The method of Initial Rates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rate Law Example  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example Continued  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Initial concentrations (M)   pp Rate (M/s) BrO 3 - Br - H + 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 x 10 -4 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.6 x 10 -3 0.20 0.20 0.10 3.2 x 10 -3 0.10 0.10 0.20 3.2 x 10 -3
[object Object],[object Object],Initial concentrations ( M )   pp Rate (M/s) BrO 3 - Br - H + 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 x 10 -4 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.6 x 10 -3 0.20 0.20 0.10 3.2 x 10 -3 0.10 0.10 0.20 3.2 x 10 -3
The math  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Initial concentrations ( M )   pp Rate (M/s) BrO 3 - Br - H + 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 x 10 -4 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.6 x 10 -3 0.20 0.20 0.10 3.2 x 10 -3 0.10 0.10 0.20 3.2 x 10 -3
[object Object],[object Object],Initial concentrations ( M )   pp Rate (M/s) BrO 3 - Br - H + 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 x 10 -4 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.6 x 10 -3 0.20 0.20 0.10 3.2 x 10 -3 0.10 0.10 0.20 3.2 x 10 -3
[object Object],[object Object],Initial concentrations ( M )   pp Rate (M/s) BrO 3 - Br - H + 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 x 10 -4 0.20 0.10 0.10 1.6 x 10 -3 0.20 0.20 0.10 3.2 x 10 -3 0.10 0.10 0.20 3.2 x 10 -3
Example continued  pp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rate Laws & Reaction Pathways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reaction Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Molecular Representation of the Elementary Steps in the Reaction of NO 2  and CO   Overall:  NO 2  + CO    NO + CO 2 Step 1:  NO 2  + NO 2      NO 3  + NO  (k 1 ) Step 2:  NO 3  + CO    NO 2  + CO 2   (k 2 ) NO 3  is an  intermediate
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction Mechanisms   pp
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction Mechanisms
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reaction Mechanisms
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Finding the Reaction Mechanism   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review Problems   pp   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review Problems   pp   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review Problems   pp   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Review Problems   pp   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],E a
Second step is slow High activation energy E a
E a Third step is fast Low activation energy
Second step is rate determining
Intermediates are present
Activated Complexes or Transition States
Mechanisms  and rates  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Nuclear Review for Star Test
Types of Radiation ,[object Object],[object Object],paper 2+ ,[object Object],[object Object],1- lead ,[object Object],[object Object],1+ ,[object Object],[object Object],0 concrete
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],Atomic & Mass Numbers must balance!! parent nuclide daughter nuclide alpha particle
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],electron positron
Nuclear Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],electron
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check NR2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Ch17 hrw rxn kinetics

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Hrw 511
  2. Hrw 531
  3. Hrw 531; z53 Section 12.6 Reaction Mechanisms Z5e 583
  4. Fig. 12.9 Z5e 584 NO 2 + NO 2 ---> NO 3 + NO (k 1 ) NO 3 + CO ---> NO 2 + CO 2 (k 2 ) NO 3 is an intermediate Each rx called an elementary step ; I.e., its rate law can be written from its molecularity Molecularity is defined as the # of species that must collide to produce the rxn indicated by that step.
  5. Z5e 584
  6. Z5e 585.
  7. i.e., 3 moles of H 2 are being consumed for every 1 mole of N 2
  8. Z5e Fig. 12.1 Definition of Rate Z5e 562
  9. Hrw 532
  10. Fig. 12.13 Z5e 589 (a) and (b) lead to a reaction, but (c) cannot.
  11. Hrw 534
  12. Hrw 534
  13. Hrw 562-563
  14. Vonderbrink PL 17
  15. Hrw 705-707; z5e 1024-1025
  16. Hrw 706; z5e 1024
  17. Hrw 706; z5e 1024-1025
  18. Hrw 707; z5e 1024-1025
  19. Hrw 686; z5e 1083
  20. Hrw 686
  21. Hrw 538
  22. Z5e 559
  23. Hrw 538
  24. Hrw 539
  25. Hrw 539
  26. Hrw 540
  27. Hrw 540
  28. Hrw 540 Section 12.8 Catalysis Z5e 592
  29. Fig. 12.15 Z5e 593
  30. Hrw 541
  31. Hwr 541
  32. Z5e 594
  33. Z5e 598
  34. Hrw 541 Section 12.2 Rate Laws Z5e 564 When fwd & rev rxn rates are equal then no change in conc. of either --> equilibrium Rate = k [H 2 ] m [NH 3 ] n Note: “m” and “n” are not coefficients of the balanced equation
  35. Hrw 541
  36. Hrw 541
  37. “ n” is not the coefficient of the balanced reaction. Rf. Z5e 566
  38. Z5e Fig. 12.1 Definition of Rate Z5e 562
  39. Section 12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law Z5e 567
  40. Z5e 568
  41. Hrw 541-542 Z5e 570 SE 1.
  42. Rf. SE 12.1 Z5e 570 Be able to write the rate law (using variables) from the reaction !
  43. See SE 12.1 Z5e 570
  44. See SE 12.1 Z5e 570
  45. See SE 12.1 Z5e 570
  46. See SE 12.1 Z5e 570
  47. Hrw 542
  48. Hrw 542 Z5e Section 12.6 Reaction Mechanisms Z5e 583
  49. Hrw 542-543 Fig. 12.9 Z5e 584 NO 2 + NO 2 ---> NO 3 + NO (k 1 ) NO 3 + CO ---> NO 2 + CO 2 (k 2 ) NO 3 is an intermediate Each rx called an elementary step ; I.e., its rate law can be written from its molecularity Molecularity is defined as the # of species that must collide to produce the rxn indicated by that step.
  50. See Hrw 544 SP 17-6
  51. Z5e 584
  52. See Hrw 544 SP 17-6
  53. Rf. Table 12.7 Z5e 585
  54. Z5e 585.
  55. Hrw 544 SP 17-7
  56. Hrw 544 SP 17-7
  57. Hrw 544 Addl SP 17-7 #2
  58. Hrw 544 Addl SP 17-7 #3
  59. Hrw 705-707; z5e 1024-1025
  60. Hrw 706; z5e 1024
  61. Hrw 706; z5e 1024-1025
  62. Hrw 707; z5e 1024-1025