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Presented by
COREESSENTIALS
Presented by
CORE STABILITY relates to the bodily region
bounded by the abdominal wall, the pelvis, the lower
back, and the diaphragm, and its ability to stabilize the
body during movement.
Presented by
THE CORE is associated with abdominal muscle
groups (transversus abdominis, internal/external
obliques, rectus abdominis), hip abductors/adductors,
hip flexors, and the lumbar spine.
Presented by
CORE STABILIZING MUSCLES contract
together (synchronized) upon the contents of
abdominal cavity that provides support to the spine and
pelvis during movement.
Presented by
THE CORE is typically associated with
isometric strength, but the lumbar spine is primarily
responsible for posture and stability providing the
strength needed for stability required in dynamic sports.
Presented by
THE CORE is activated first whenever a person
moves to lift an object or simply moves from one
position to another (this typically occurs with an
unconscious change in breathing pattern).
Presented by
THE ABDOMEN
Presented by
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN
•	 pubic crest
•	 pubic symphysis
INSERTION
•	 5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages
•	 medial intercostal margin
•	 xiphoid process (posterior aspect)
ACTION
•	 flexes trunk
•	 aids forced expiration
•	 raises intra-abdominal pressure
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
Presented by
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
ORIGIN
•	 costal margin
•	 lumbar fascia
•	 iliac crest (anterior two-thirds)
•	 inguinal ligament (lateral half)
INSERTION
•	 aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and
posterior)
•	 conjoint tendon to pubic crest
•	 pectineal line
ACTION
•	 supports abdominal wall
•	 aids forced expiration
•	 aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure
•	 conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of
inguinal canal
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
Presented by
INTERNAL OBLIQUES
ORIGIN
•	 lumbar fascia
•	 iliac crest (anterior two-thirds)
•	 inguinal ligament (lateral half)
INSERTION
•	 costal margin
•	 aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and
posterior)
•	 conjoint tendon to pubic crest
•	 pectineal line
ACTION
•	 supports abdominal wall
•	 assists forced expiration
•	 aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure
•	 abducts and rotates trunk (with muscles of
other side)
•	 Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of
inguinal canal
INTERNAL OBLIQUES
Presented by
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
ORIGIN
•	 anterior angles of the lower eight ribs
INSERTION
•	 iliac crest (outer anterior half)
•	 inguinal ligament
•	 pubic tubercle and crest
•	 aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior)
ACTION
•	 supports abdominal wall
•	 assists forced expiration
•	 aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure
•	 abducts and rotates trunk (with muscles of
other side)
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
Presented by
DIAPHRAGM
ORIGIN
•	 vertebral: crura from the bodies of L1-2
(left), L1-3 (right)
•	 costal: medial and lateral cruciate liga-
ments, inner aspect of lower six ribs
•	 sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of
xiphoid process
INSERTION
•	 central tendon
ACTION
•	 inspiration
•	 assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure
DIAPHRAGM
Presented by
THE BACK
Presented by
ERECTOR SPINAE
ORIGIN
•	 spinous processes of T9 to T12
INSERTION
•	 spinous processes of T1 and T2
•	 cervical vertebrae
ACTION
•	 extends the vertebral column
ERECTOR SPINAE
Presented by
ILIOCOSTALIS
ORIGIN
•	 iliac crest
•	 sacrum
•	 lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION
•	 ribs
•	 cervical transverse processes
ACTION
•	 extends the vertebral column
•	 lateral flexes the vertebral column
ILIOCOSTALIS
Presented by
SPINALIS
ORIGIN
•	 spinous processes
INSERTION
•	 spinous processes six levels above
ACTION
•	 lateral flexion of the vertebral column
SPINALIS
Presented by
LONGISSIMUS
ORIGIN
•	 transverse processes
INSERTION
•	 transverse processes several levels above
ACTION
•	 extends the vertebral column
LONGISSIMUS
Presented by
MULTIFIDUS
ORIGIN
•	 sacrum
•	 erector spinae
•	 aponeurosis
•	 posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
•	 iliac crest
INSERTION
•	 spinous processes of the vertebrae (from
the sacrum to the axis)
ACTION
•	 stabilizes the vertebrae in local movements
of the vertebral column
MULTIFIDUS
Presented by
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
ORIGIN
•	 apices of transverse processes of L1 to L4
•	 iliolumbar ligament
•	 iliac crest (posterior third)
INSERTION
•	 inferior border to the 12th rib
ACTION
•	 lateral flexion of the vertebral column
(ipsilateral contraction)
•	 extension of lumbar vertebral column
(bilateral contraction)
•	 fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration
•	 elevates ilium (ipsilateral contraction)
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
Presented by
THE PELVIS
Presented by
ILIACUS
ORIGIN
•	 iliac fossa (within the abdomen)
INSERTION
•	 femur (lesser trochanter - lower surface)
ACTION
•	 flexes and laterally rotates the thigh at the
hip
•	 flexes trunk and pelvis on thigh
ILIACUS
Presented by
PSOAS
ORIGIN
•	 transverse processes of L1 to L5
•	 bodies of T12 to L5
•	 intervertebral discs below bodies of T12 to
L4
INSERTION
•	 femur (lesser trochanter - middle surface)
ACTION
•	 flexes and laterally rotates the thigh at the
hip
•	 flexes vertebral column
PSOAS
Presented by
RECTUS FEMORIS
ORIGIN
•	 straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine
•	 reflected head: ilium (above acetabulum)
INSERTION
•	 quadriceps tendon to patella
ACTION
•	 extends leg at the knee
•	 flexes thigh at hip
RECTUS FEMORIS
Presented by
SARTORIUS
ORIGIN
•	 anterior superior iliac spine (directly below)
INSERTION
•	 tibia (upper medial surface of the shaft)
ACTION
•	 flexes thigh at the hip
•	 abducts thigh at the hip
•	 laterally rotates thigh at the hip
•	 flexes leg at the knee
•	 rotates leg at the knee
SARTORIUS
Presented by
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
ORIGIN
•	 iliac crest (between tubercle of iliac crest
and the anterior superior iliac spine)
INSERTION
•	 iliotibial tract (anterior surface of the lateral
condyle of the tibia)
ACTION
•	 maintains extension of the knee
•	 abducts at the hip
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
Presented by
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
ORIGIN
•	 ilium (outer surface)
•	 sacrum (lateral mass)
•	 sacrotuberous ligament
•	 coccyx
INSERTION
•	 gluteal tuberosity of femus (deepest
quarter)
•	 iliotibial tract (remaining three-quarters)
ACTION
•	 extends the thigh at the hip
•	 laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
•	 maintains extension of the knee (via
iliotibial tract)
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Presented by
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
ORIGIN
•	 ilium (outer surface)
INSERTION
•	 greater trochanter of femur (posterolateral
surface)
ACTION
•	 abducts the thigh at the hip
•	 medially rotates the thigh at the hip
•	 pelvic tilt when walking
GLUTEUS MEDIUS
Presented by
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
ORIGIN
•	 pubis (inferior ramus and body)
INSERTION
•	 linea aspera (upper third)
ACTION
•	 adducts the thigh at the hip
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Presented by
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ORIGIN
•	 pubis (superior ramus)
INSERTION
•	 medial linea aspera (lower two-thirds)
ACTION
•	 adducts the thigh at the hip
•	 laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
•	 flexes thigh at the hip ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Presented by
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ORIGIN
•	 adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus
•	 hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant
of the posterior surface of the ischial
tuberosity
INSERTION
•	 adductor portion: lower gluteal line and
linea aspera
•	 hamstring portion: adductor tubercle
ACTION
•	 adductor portion: adducts and medially
rotates the thigh at the hip
•	 hamstring portion: extends the thigh at the
hip
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Presented by
PECTINEUS
ORIGIN
•	 pubis (pectineal line)
•	 superior pubic ramus (directly below)
INSERTION
•	 vertical line between spiral line and gluteal
crest below lesser trochanter of femur
ACTION
•	 flexes the thigh at the hip
•	 adducts the thigh at the hip
•	 medially rotates the thigh at the hip
PECTINEUS
Presented by
GRACILIS
ORIGIN
•	 ischiopubic ramus (outer surface)
INSERTION
•	 upper medial shaft of tibia below sartorius
ACTION
•	 adducts the thigh at the hip
•	 flexes knee
•	 medially rotates a flexed knee
GRACILIS
Presented by
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CORE Essentials

  • 2. Presented by CORE STABILITY relates to the bodily region bounded by the abdominal wall, the pelvis, the lower back, and the diaphragm, and its ability to stabilize the body during movement.
  • 3. Presented by THE CORE is associated with abdominal muscle groups (transversus abdominis, internal/external obliques, rectus abdominis), hip abductors/adductors, hip flexors, and the lumbar spine.
  • 4. Presented by CORE STABILIZING MUSCLES contract together (synchronized) upon the contents of abdominal cavity that provides support to the spine and pelvis during movement.
  • 5. Presented by THE CORE is typically associated with isometric strength, but the lumbar spine is primarily responsible for posture and stability providing the strength needed for stability required in dynamic sports.
  • 6. Presented by THE CORE is activated first whenever a person moves to lift an object or simply moves from one position to another (this typically occurs with an unconscious change in breathing pattern).
  • 8. Presented by RECTUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN • pubic crest • pubic symphysis INSERTION • 5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages • medial intercostal margin • xiphoid process (posterior aspect) ACTION • flexes trunk • aids forced expiration • raises intra-abdominal pressure RECTUS ABDOMINIS
  • 9. Presented by TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS ORIGIN • costal margin • lumbar fascia • iliac crest (anterior two-thirds) • inguinal ligament (lateral half) INSERTION • aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and posterior) • conjoint tendon to pubic crest • pectineal line ACTION • supports abdominal wall • aids forced expiration • aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure • conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
  • 10. Presented by INTERNAL OBLIQUES ORIGIN • lumbar fascia • iliac crest (anterior two-thirds) • inguinal ligament (lateral half) INSERTION • costal margin • aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior and posterior) • conjoint tendon to pubic crest • pectineal line ACTION • supports abdominal wall • assists forced expiration • aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure • abducts and rotates trunk (with muscles of other side) • Conjoint tendon supports posterior wall of inguinal canal INTERNAL OBLIQUES
  • 11. Presented by EXTERNAL OBLIQUES ORIGIN • anterior angles of the lower eight ribs INSERTION • iliac crest (outer anterior half) • inguinal ligament • pubic tubercle and crest • aponeurosis of rectus sheath (anterior) ACTION • supports abdominal wall • assists forced expiration • aids in raising intra-abdominal pressure • abducts and rotates trunk (with muscles of other side) EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
  • 12. Presented by DIAPHRAGM ORIGIN • vertebral: crura from the bodies of L1-2 (left), L1-3 (right) • costal: medial and lateral cruciate liga- ments, inner aspect of lower six ribs • sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid process INSERTION • central tendon ACTION • inspiration • assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure DIAPHRAGM
  • 14. Presented by ERECTOR SPINAE ORIGIN • spinous processes of T9 to T12 INSERTION • spinous processes of T1 and T2 • cervical vertebrae ACTION • extends the vertebral column ERECTOR SPINAE
  • 15. Presented by ILIOCOSTALIS ORIGIN • iliac crest • sacrum • lumbar vertebrae INSERTION • ribs • cervical transverse processes ACTION • extends the vertebral column • lateral flexes the vertebral column ILIOCOSTALIS
  • 16. Presented by SPINALIS ORIGIN • spinous processes INSERTION • spinous processes six levels above ACTION • lateral flexion of the vertebral column SPINALIS
  • 17. Presented by LONGISSIMUS ORIGIN • transverse processes INSERTION • transverse processes several levels above ACTION • extends the vertebral column LONGISSIMUS
  • 18. Presented by MULTIFIDUS ORIGIN • sacrum • erector spinae • aponeurosis • posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) • iliac crest INSERTION • spinous processes of the vertebrae (from the sacrum to the axis) ACTION • stabilizes the vertebrae in local movements of the vertebral column MULTIFIDUS
  • 19. Presented by QUADRATUS LUMBORUM ORIGIN • apices of transverse processes of L1 to L4 • iliolumbar ligament • iliac crest (posterior third) INSERTION • inferior border to the 12th rib ACTION • lateral flexion of the vertebral column (ipsilateral contraction) • extension of lumbar vertebral column (bilateral contraction) • fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration • elevates ilium (ipsilateral contraction) QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
  • 21. Presented by ILIACUS ORIGIN • iliac fossa (within the abdomen) INSERTION • femur (lesser trochanter - lower surface) ACTION • flexes and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip • flexes trunk and pelvis on thigh ILIACUS
  • 22. Presented by PSOAS ORIGIN • transverse processes of L1 to L5 • bodies of T12 to L5 • intervertebral discs below bodies of T12 to L4 INSERTION • femur (lesser trochanter - middle surface) ACTION • flexes and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip • flexes vertebral column PSOAS
  • 23. Presented by RECTUS FEMORIS ORIGIN • straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine • reflected head: ilium (above acetabulum) INSERTION • quadriceps tendon to patella ACTION • extends leg at the knee • flexes thigh at hip RECTUS FEMORIS
  • 24. Presented by SARTORIUS ORIGIN • anterior superior iliac spine (directly below) INSERTION • tibia (upper medial surface of the shaft) ACTION • flexes thigh at the hip • abducts thigh at the hip • laterally rotates thigh at the hip • flexes leg at the knee • rotates leg at the knee SARTORIUS
  • 25. Presented by TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE ORIGIN • iliac crest (between tubercle of iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine) INSERTION • iliotibial tract (anterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia) ACTION • maintains extension of the knee • abducts at the hip TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
  • 26. Presented by GLUTEUS MAXIMUS ORIGIN • ilium (outer surface) • sacrum (lateral mass) • sacrotuberous ligament • coccyx INSERTION • gluteal tuberosity of femus (deepest quarter) • iliotibial tract (remaining three-quarters) ACTION • extends the thigh at the hip • laterally rotates the thigh at the hip • maintains extension of the knee (via iliotibial tract) GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
  • 27. Presented by GLUTEUS MEDIUS ORIGIN • ilium (outer surface) INSERTION • greater trochanter of femur (posterolateral surface) ACTION • abducts the thigh at the hip • medially rotates the thigh at the hip • pelvic tilt when walking GLUTEUS MEDIUS
  • 28. Presented by ADDUCTOR BREVIS ORIGIN • pubis (inferior ramus and body) INSERTION • linea aspera (upper third) ACTION • adducts the thigh at the hip ADDUCTOR BREVIS
  • 29. Presented by ADDUCTOR LONGUS ORIGIN • pubis (superior ramus) INSERTION • medial linea aspera (lower two-thirds) ACTION • adducts the thigh at the hip • laterally rotates the thigh at the hip • flexes thigh at the hip ADDUCTOR LONGUS
  • 30. Presented by ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ORIGIN • adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus • hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant of the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity INSERTION • adductor portion: lower gluteal line and linea aspera • hamstring portion: adductor tubercle ACTION • adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates the thigh at the hip • hamstring portion: extends the thigh at the hip ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
  • 31. Presented by PECTINEUS ORIGIN • pubis (pectineal line) • superior pubic ramus (directly below) INSERTION • vertical line between spiral line and gluteal crest below lesser trochanter of femur ACTION • flexes the thigh at the hip • adducts the thigh at the hip • medially rotates the thigh at the hip PECTINEUS
  • 32. Presented by GRACILIS ORIGIN • ischiopubic ramus (outer surface) INSERTION • upper medial shaft of tibia below sartorius ACTION • adducts the thigh at the hip • flexes knee • medially rotates a flexed knee GRACILIS
  • 33. Presented by THANK YOU! For more information visit www.todaysfitnesstrainer.com