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How
to find
(and keep)
STEM
talent
Tim McAward and megan raftery




Science. Technology.
Engineering. Mathematics.
2 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



a perfect storm
They may be relatively small in number, but they pull more than their fair share of economic
                                                                                                        “…the primary driver of the
weight. Amid higher unemployment and economic turmoil, we need them now more than ever.
                                                                                                        future economy and concomitant
                                                                                                        creation of jobs will be innovation,
STEM jobs (97 occupations that fall into the science, technology, engineering and mathematics
                                                                                                        largely derived from advances in
fields) are part of a critical cycle of economic growth. They are vital for national competitiveness,
                                                                                                        science and engineering.”
fueling the economy and creating more downstream jobs.
                                                                                                        National Academies Gathering
                                                                                                        Storm committee
That’s the good news. Now for the not-so-good news.

By international standards, students in the U.S. rate in the middle of the pack (or lower) with
respect to proficiency in science and mathematics. And, we’re graduating the same proportion
of STEM graduates now as we did 20 years ago. When you factor in the growth in STEM
demand, this is creating a serious shortfall of talent that has implications for an increasingly
global economy of innovation.

There are a number of factors that are inhibiting new entrants to STEM fields and luring existing
participants away to others. These include significant cultural, gender and attitudinal shifts and
long-held notions that shape who enters (and who stays in) STEM-related educational tracks and
careers. Companies themselves must understand these forces, and be aware of how they may
be contributing to them if they are to be turned around.
3 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



DEMAND IS GROWING EXPONENTIALLY. The skills and experience of
STEM-qualified workers are now being utilized across a broader range of industries, and
this is only increasing the tight labor market conditions for these critical skill sets.




Today, STEM innovation doesn’t exclusively    computer-related occupations, with numbers        2. An aging and growing worldwide              5. Heightened security measures: the
take the form of advances in basic science.   in this category expected to jump 21.8% from         population: demand for new products            need for security and security systems
The reach of product innovation is            2010 to 2020.                                        and medical and scientific advancements        technology is on the rise in both the
expanding, extending far beyond traditional                                                        will grow rapidly in response to aging         public and private sectors.
R&D into fields that connect cultures,        The demand for greater efficiencies, new
                                                                                                   population trends.
                                              products, and global business growth is                                                          6. Adoption of nanotechnology: the U.S.
communities and individuals in new ways.
                                              increasing the need for the knowledge, skills     3. Renewed focus on innovation: cost              National Science Foundation estimates
Today, there are more routes into
                                              and abilities commonly associated with STEM          pressures coming out of the global             that nanotechnology industries worldwide
STEM-related fields, more ways to apply
                                              workers. Advancements in numerous areas              recession will force companies to improve      will require 2 million workers by 2015.
technology to different aspects of life,
and greater market demand for these           are driving up the demand for core STEM              and update product designs and optimize
new applications.                             competencies including:                              existing manufacturing processes.


From 2000 to 2010, STEM jobs grew at          1. Technology explosion: use of the               4. Conservation and green energy:
three times the rate of other fields. And,       internet, proliferation of web applications,      environmental pressures, international
the demand for STEM professionals is only        social communities and mobile apps                legislation, and the higher costs of
projected to increase—growing 16.8% from         are increasing the demand for more                fossil fuels are creating new market
2010 to 2020. Demand will be greatest for        sophisticated technology.                         opportunities.
4 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



STEM BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH PROJECTIONS. Technology (IT/Computer)
occupations make up 49% of STEM employment with architecture and engineering; life, physical
and social sciences; and mathematics occupations making up 34%, 15%, and 2% respectively.




                                                                                                                             STEM Occupation breakdown
In the U.S., demand for STEM professionals
                                             STEM EMPLOYMENT GROWTH THROUGH 2020                                              the breakdown of STEM Employment
is expected to increase 16.8% from 2010 to
2020—adding nearly 1.3 million new STEM               2010                         2020
jobs to the workforce. The Bureau of Labor                                                                                                                                      Tec
Statistics expects the demand will be the                                                                                    49%                                          34%
                                                                                                                                                                                Arc
greatest for computer-related occupations,
                                                                           ↑ 16.8%
                                                                                                                                                                                Life
with new job openings expected to jump                                                                                                                                          Ma

21.8% from 2010 to 2020.                                                         STEM jobs
                                                                                          STEM Occupation breakdown



                                                                                                                                   2%
                                                                                                                                                            15%
                                                                                                                                     Technology (IT/Computer)
                                                                                          49%                               34%
                                                                                                                                     Architecture and Engineering
                                                                                                                                     Life, Physical and Social Sciences
                                               ↑ 21.8%          ↑ 10.3%           ↑ 15.2%            ↑ 16.6%                         Mathematics
                                                 Technology     architecture &      science           mathematics
                                                (IT/Computer)    engineering          jobs               jobs
                                                     jobs           jobs




                                                                                                2%
                                                                                                                      15%
5 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



SKILLS IN HIGHEST DEMAND. Computer and IT-related
skills will continue to increase in demand through the next decade.




Out of the 10 fastest growing STEM           5.	 Network and Computer              There are other promising STEM
                                                                                                                             The top four STEM jobs in terms
occupations (through 2020, by numerical          Systems Administrators            occupations. The following                of numerical and percentage
increase), eight are IT/computer-related.    6. 	 Information Security Analysts,   occupations are expected to grow          growth through 2020 are:
                                                 Web Developers and Computer       more than 25% by 2020:
                                                                                                                             1.	 Software Developers, Applications
Overall, the fastest growing STEM                Network Architects                • 	 Biomedical Engineers (61.7% growth)       (143,800 new jobs, 27.6% growth)
occupations (through 2020) in                7. 	 Computer and Information         • 	 Biochemists and Biophysicists
                                                                                                                             2.	 Software Developers, Systems Software
terms of numerical change are:                   Systems Managers                     (30.8% growth)                             (127,200 new jobs, 32.4% growth)
1. 	 Software Developers, Applications       8. 	 Civil Engineers                  • 	 Database Administrators               3.	 Network and Computer Systems
2. 	 Software Developers, Systems Software   9. 	 Computer Programmers                (30.6% growth)                             Administrators (96,600 new
3. 	 Computer Systems Analysts               10. 	Medical Scientists, Except                                                     jobs, 27.8% growth)
                                                                                   • 	 Actuaries (26.7% growth)
4. 	 Computer Support Specialists                Epidemiologists                                                             4.	 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
                                                                                                                                 (36,400 new jobs, 36.4% growth)
6 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



STEM jobs are geographically based. Geography
plays a part in where STEM jobs exist. Regions with a strong presence of
STEM-related employment are often heavily dependent on government
funding. Local technology centers, research parks, and research university
clusters also influence the concentration of STEM jobs in a region.




The following metropolitan areas have a        Although the volume of STEM jobs is still relatively small, the following states have
substantial volume and concentration of        experienced the strongest STEM job growth on a percentage basis from 2001 to 2011:
STEM jobs, compared to total employment.
STEM jobs in these areas are predicted to            Seattle
                                                                                                   North Dakota (31%)
grow by more than 6% in the next five years:
1.	 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA                                                                                minneapolis

2.	 Baltimore-Towson, MD
                                                                                 Wyoming (26%)
3.	 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH                                                                                                                         boston
                                                                                                                                                                    Alaska (18%)
4.	 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX              Nevada (19%)
5.	 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX                                        Utah (18%)                                                           baltimore
                                                                                                                                              washington
                                                     san francisco
6.	 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington,                 san jose


   MN-WI
7.	 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA                                                                                               atlanta
                                                                   san diego                                 dallas
8.	 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA
9.	 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
                                                                                                               houston

10.	Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
11.	Washington-Arlington-Alexandria,             States with the strongest STEM job growth 2001-2011

                                                 STEM Opportunity Markets
   DC-VA-MD-WV
7 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



STEM jobs are industry baseD. STEM occupations make up more
than half of industry employment in computer systems design and related services;
architectural, engineering, and related services; scientific research and development
services; software publishing; and computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing.
It’s worth noting that even though the STEM workforce concentration in government is 6% overall,
the government (local, state, and federal) employs more than 1 million STEM workers.


  Industries with the highest concentration of STEM jobs
                                                                                                                                                                          Industries with the most STEM jobs
Industries with the highest concentration of STEM jobs                                                                                                                    Industries with the most STEM jobs

# of STEM                                                                                                                                                  % of overall   # of STEM                                                                                                                                                      % of overall
jobs (’000s)                                                                                                                                      industry employment     jobs (’000s)                                                                                                                                          industry employment
1,500                                                                                                                                                            100%     1,500                                                                                                                                                                100%




1,200                                                                                                                                                            80%      1,200                                                                                                                                                                80%




 900                                                                                                                                                             60%       900                                                                                                                                                                 60%




 600                                                                                                                                                             40%       600                                                                                                                                                                 40%




 300                                                                                                                                                             20%       300                                                                                                                                                                 20%




    0                                                                                                                                                            0%           0                                                                                                                                                                0%
           Computer      Architectural,    Scientific   Software     Computer and       Data        Communications Navigational, Pharmaceutical Semiconductor                        Computer      Architectural,      State          Federal         Scientific     Local       Management Management,           Offices        Software
        systems design   engineering,       research    publishers     peripheral    processing,      equipment       measuring,       and         and other                      systems design   engineering,     government    government,       research and   government    of companies     scientific,     of other       publishers
          and related     and related          and                    equipment      hosting, and    manufacturing electromedical,  medicine       electronic                       and related     and related                  civilian (except   development                 and enterprises and technical      health
            services        services      development                manufacturing     related                        and control  manufacturing  component                           services        services                   postal service)       services                                   consulting    practitioners
                                             services                                  services                      instruments                 manufacturing                                                                                                                                     services
                                                                                                                    manufacturing
8 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



THE IMPENDING TALENT DROUGHT. The jobs are there,
the wages are attractive and high growth indicates strong future prospects
for STEM-qualified workers. So why isn’t the supply of talent keeping up?




There are five key reasons why the supply of   •	 Only about 40% of men with STEM                  to their overall representation in the
                                                                                                                                               Eight key reasons why women
STEM talent is not keeping up with demand:        college degrees work in STEM jobs.               U.S. workforce.                             and select minority groups are
                                               •	 Only 26% of women with STEM degrees              –		Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics        underrepresented in stem fields:
1. 	Defection and attrition                       work in STEM jobs.                                   each account for 6% of all STEM
Even in those areas where STEM graduate                                                                                                        1.	 Culturally prescribed roles/stereotypes are
                                               •	 Female STEM majors are twice as likely as            workers, but 11% and 14%,                   negatively affecting the performance and
numbers are still strong, diversion of            men to work in education or healthcare.              respectively, of overall employment.        aspirations of women and minorities
workers into other fields is significantly                                                      •	 In contrast, the STEM picture is reversed   2.	 Lack of self-confidence in STEM-
impacting supply. STEM students (including     2. 	Women and minorities                            for non-Hispanic Asians who make up             related educational pursuits
the highest performing) are diverting into        are underrepresented                             14% of all STEM workers but only 5% of      3.	 Limited exposure to STEM fields
other occupations partly due to their          •	 Almost three out of four STEM jobs (72%)         the U.S. workforce.
                                                                                                                                               4.	 Lack of role models and mentors
belief that other occupations will better         are held by non-Hispanic Whites.
                                                                                                                                                   leading to feelings of isolation
satisfy their personal work interests          •	 Women fill close to half of all jobs in the   Population shifts are translating into
                                                                                                                                               5.	 Lower interest in STEM fields due to
and values.                                       U.S. economy but they hold less than          more women and minorities entering the
                                                                                                                                                   differing value system regarding work
•	 Overall, only one-third of workers with        25% of STEM jobs.                             workforce. Why is it that these growing
                                                                                                                                               6.	 Workplace biases make it more
   a STEM undergraduate degree work            •	 Only half as many non-Hispanic Black or       worker populations are so underrepresented         difficult to advance in STEM fields
   in a STEM job.                                 Hispanic workers have STEM jobs relative      in STEM fields?
                                                                                                                                               7.	 Perceived lack of flexibility/work-
                                                                                                                                                   life balance in STEM fields

                                                                                                                                               8.	 High costs of STEM education
9 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



THE IMPENDING TALENT DROUGHT / continued




3. Student interest is low                     •	 Compared to 2000, the number of                     demographic, with 25.4% of Architectural/
                                                  bachelor’s degree in Business has grown             Engineering workers 55 years or older.        The first step in addressing the
It is clear that something fundamental
                                                                                                                                                    shortage of STEM-qualified
is shifting interest and focus away from          32%, the number of engineering degrees           •	 More than 50% of all Civil, Mechanical
                                                                                                                                                    workers is for employers to
STEM fields.                                      earned has grown 19%, and there has                 and Industrial Engineers are over the
                                                                                                                                                    seriously analyze how they can
•	 The proportion of STEM bachelor’s              been a negative growth rate of -14%                 age of 45.
                                                                                                                                                    circumvent these issues in their
   degrees awarded has remained relatively        in Computer and Information Sciences
                                                                                                   5. Return migration                              own workplaces.
   flat for the past 20 years, consistently       degrees earned.
                                                                                                   One in five U.S.-based STEM workers is
   accounting for approximately 33% of all
                                               4. An aging workforce                               foreign-born, of which 63% come from Asia.
   degrees earned.
                                               While the aging population of the global            Significant economic growth in developing
•	 Only 17.3% of students who are proficient
                                               workforce is a growing problem for all              countries, particularly throughout Asia, is
   in mathematics are interested in studying   industries, for some STEM-based industries,         beginning to offer attractive opportunities
   and entering a STEM field.                  this is compounded by a worker profile that is      “back home.” Many developed nations have
•	 In the 2008/2009 academic year, there       already older than the average.                     relied upon skilled migration to fill talent
   were more than two times the number of      •	 Less than one-quarter of the workforce           gaps in STEM industries. The relatively strong
   bachelor’s degrees earned in Visual and        (22.2%) is over 55 years of age. In the Life     economic position of Asia now provides
   Performing Arts compared to Computer           Sciences sector, this figure is closer to one-   a genuine alternative to these workers,
   and Information Sciences, despite the          third (31.4%). Architectural/Engineering         potentially reducing stay-rates of STEM
   comparable availability of jobs.               workers also represent an older                  workers in the U.S.
10 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



TACTICS TO WEATHER THE STORM. While the shortage of highly
skilled workers is not new, we do know that this talent gap isn’t going away anytime
soon. So, what can employers do to access the STEM talent they need?




1. Focus on the work, not the worker                  growth for STEM workers in traditional        engineering fields) approaching retirement,       are now enrolled in college programs, so
When your company needs work to be                    employment relationships (1.5%).              the importance of retaining these skills          internships are attracting seasoned workers.
done, is your first thought usually to hire                                                         becomes paramount. Has your company               Make sure you have an internship program
someone permanently or full-time? The              2. Go virtual                                    put in place a formal program for mature          that works and targets the talent that’s right for
supply issues outlined earlier mean that           In today’s global economy of innovation,         workers looking to work a reduced or flexible     your organization. As a first step, it’s a good
“owning the talent” may not always be              another way to widen the talent net is to go     schedule as they transition into retirement?      idea to research existing successful internship
possible. Instead of looking at the job to fill,   virtual. In this setting, work can be sent to    Both men and women defect from STEM               programs. The key to the best programs is
look at the work that needs to be done and         the worker, not the other way around. And        careers, but women were far more likely than      planning, long before the first intern is hired.
consider the growing population of STEM            in high-tech industries that rely on STEM        men to cite time and family-related issues as
free agents to help.                               talent, instead of moving the talent, consider                                                     5. Purposefully target women
                                                                                                    reasons for leaving their career. What flexible
Between 2009 – 2011:                               moving the work. This is a philosophical                                                              and minorities
                                                                                                    work options do you offer today? Are they a
• The growth of self-employed STEM                 change for many companies, but one that is                                                         It’s clear that women and minorities are
                                                                                                    differentiator in attracting new workers?
   workers (3.1%) was nearly twice the rate        now being driven by necessity.                                                                     underrepresented in STEM careers. But
   of growth for all self-employed workers                                                          4. Re-vamp your internship program                employers need to increase their efforts to
   (1.7%) and five times the rate of overall       3. Look inside and be flexible                   Internship programs are now occurring             engage directly with these growing worker
   employment (0.6%).                              Look within your own walls when widening         throughout the year, not just over summer,        populations. For STEM talent specifically,
• The growth of self-employed STEM workers         your talent net. With a large number of          and an intern role doesn’t have to apply only     begin to build your talent community by
   (3.1%) was more than twice the rate of          STEM workers (especially in some key             to college-age workers. More mature workers       reaching out to professional networking
11 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



tactics to weather the storm / continued




groups that cater to these candidate pools.     6. Sell your company, not the job              understand the demands of your industry          8. Think military
Groups like:                                    Sell everything your company has to            and what skills and experience you               The U.S. military produces nearly 400,000
• 	 The Society of Hispanic                     offer potential STEM candidates. Younger       need to grow your business so they can           new civilian workers annually, making it one
   Professional Engineers                       generations, and in particular, women          design curricula and job training around         of the largest and most valuable sources
• 	 The National Society of Black Engineers     with a STEM education, are looking for         your needs.                                      of skilled talent in the country. In addition
• 	 The Association for Women in Computing      more meaning and flexibility from their work                                                    to having a broad range of technical
                                                life. Whatever your employer brand, now        To start exposing young students to              and professional skills, servicemen and
Ask your current female and minority            may be the time to take a good look at it      STEM careers and careers with your               servicewomen often have other important
STEM workers if they would recommend            and fine-tune it if needed to focus on         organization, talk to your local schools about   qualities like strong leadership and teamwork
other women and minorities to your              promoting the entire experience.               partnering with them to promote STEM             skills, a flexible/adaptable approach to
company. Why or why not? And finally, but                                                      careers and education. Your company can          dynamic work situations, and a global outlook
perhaps most importantly, look to minority      7. Connect with local schools                  sponsor career events, offer employees to        (many speak more than one language). These
staffing/recruiting firms to build your         The most important thing your organization     serve as role models and mentors, conduct        reasons make recruiting among the military a
bench strength of STEM talent. Niche firms      can do to drive change is to begin an          in-school science labs, or offer on-site         great STEM talent acquisition strategy.
specializing in minority, women, and disabled   ongoing dialogue with local universities,      internships and scholarships. There are
veterans have unique insight into where and     community colleges and high schools.           endless ways to brand your company as an
how to find this key talent.                    Educational institutions need to               employer of choice.
12 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



STEM TALENT GAP— INCREASING
DEMAND AND STAGNANT SUPPLY.




Job defection, women and minority underrepresentation, low student
interest, an aging workforce, and return migration are all contributing to
talent supply challenges. For employers, the answer to the STEM talent
gap doesn’t rest with a singular initiative, but rather lies in a collection of
strategies that when implemented holistically, enables organizations to
access talent when and where it is needed.
13 | how to find (and keep) stem talent



sources
•	 Black Colleges’ Success in STEM, The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 2011
•	 Bureau of Labor Statistics
•	 Concern as Baby-Boomers Prepare for Retirement, Financial Times, March 2010
•	 Education Supports Racial and Ethnic Equality in STEM, U.S. Commerce Department, September 2011
• 	 EMSI
• 	 EMSI, States with Largest Presence of STEM-Related Jobs, October 2011
•	 Increasing the Number of STEM Graduates: Insights from the U.S. STEM Education & Modeling Project, 2010
• 	 Interns Are Latest Target In Battle for Tech Talent, Wall Street Journal, December 2011
• 	 National Center for Educational Statistics, Digest of Educational Statistics, 2010
• 	OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2011
• 	 Prudential Financial Named to G.I. Jobs Top 100 Military-Friendly Employers List, Wall Street Journal, December 2011
• 	 Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine, 2010
• 	 Science & Engineering Indicators: National Science Foundation, 2010
• 	 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Occupations: A Visual Essay, Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2011
• 	 Steady as She Goes? Three Generations of Students Through the Science and Engineering Pipeline, Rutgers, ISIM, October 2009
• 	 STEM, Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce
•	 STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future, U.S. Department of Commerce, July 2011
•	 The STEM Workforce Challenge, U.S. Department of Labor, April 2007
• 	 Top 10 Internships of 2011, Vault.com
•	 What Top Internship Programs Look Like, ERE.net, August 2011
• 	 Why so few? Women in Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics, American Association of University Women (AAUW), February 2010
•	 Women in STEM: A Gender Gap to Innovation, U.S. Department of Commerce, August 2011
About the Authors
Tim McAward is vice president, Center of Excellence – Engineering,
at Kelly Services, Inc. In this role, he is responsible for branding, market
positioning, “go to market” strategies and profitability for the product
across North America. Tim holds a Bachelor of Science, Finance degree from
Arizona State University and a Master of Business Administration degree
from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas.


Megan M. Raftery is senior manager, Workforce Research and
Intelligence, at Kelly Services, Inc. Megan has more than 20 years of
marketing and human resource-related experience. She is responsible for
research and business intelligence concerning employment trends, workforce
solutions, and the future of work.


About Kelly
Kelly Services, Inc. (NASDAQ: KELYA, KELYB) is a leader in providing workforce solutions.
Kelly® offers a comprehensive array of outsourcing and consulting services as well as world-class
staffing on a temporary, temporary-to-hire and direct-hire basis. Serving clients around the globe,
Kelly provides employment to more than 550,000 employees annually. Revenue in 2011 was
$5.6 billion. Visit www.kellyservices.com and connect with us on Facebook, LinkedIn, & Twitter.

This information may not be published, broadcast, sold, or otherwise distributed without prior written
permission from the authorized party. All trademarks are property of their respective owners.
An Equal Opportunity Employer © 2012 Kelly Services, Inc. X105




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How to find (and keep) STEM Talent

  • 1. How to find (and keep) STEM talent Tim McAward and megan raftery Science. Technology. Engineering. Mathematics.
  • 2. 2 | how to find (and keep) stem talent a perfect storm They may be relatively small in number, but they pull more than their fair share of economic “…the primary driver of the weight. Amid higher unemployment and economic turmoil, we need them now more than ever. future economy and concomitant creation of jobs will be innovation, STEM jobs (97 occupations that fall into the science, technology, engineering and mathematics largely derived from advances in fields) are part of a critical cycle of economic growth. They are vital for national competitiveness, science and engineering.” fueling the economy and creating more downstream jobs. National Academies Gathering Storm committee That’s the good news. Now for the not-so-good news. By international standards, students in the U.S. rate in the middle of the pack (or lower) with respect to proficiency in science and mathematics. And, we’re graduating the same proportion of STEM graduates now as we did 20 years ago. When you factor in the growth in STEM demand, this is creating a serious shortfall of talent that has implications for an increasingly global economy of innovation. There are a number of factors that are inhibiting new entrants to STEM fields and luring existing participants away to others. These include significant cultural, gender and attitudinal shifts and long-held notions that shape who enters (and who stays in) STEM-related educational tracks and careers. Companies themselves must understand these forces, and be aware of how they may be contributing to them if they are to be turned around.
  • 3. 3 | how to find (and keep) stem talent DEMAND IS GROWING EXPONENTIALLY. The skills and experience of STEM-qualified workers are now being utilized across a broader range of industries, and this is only increasing the tight labor market conditions for these critical skill sets. Today, STEM innovation doesn’t exclusively computer-related occupations, with numbers 2. An aging and growing worldwide 5. Heightened security measures: the take the form of advances in basic science. in this category expected to jump 21.8% from population: demand for new products need for security and security systems The reach of product innovation is 2010 to 2020. and medical and scientific advancements technology is on the rise in both the expanding, extending far beyond traditional will grow rapidly in response to aging public and private sectors. R&D into fields that connect cultures, The demand for greater efficiencies, new population trends. products, and global business growth is 6. Adoption of nanotechnology: the U.S. communities and individuals in new ways. increasing the need for the knowledge, skills 3. Renewed focus on innovation: cost National Science Foundation estimates Today, there are more routes into and abilities commonly associated with STEM pressures coming out of the global that nanotechnology industries worldwide STEM-related fields, more ways to apply workers. Advancements in numerous areas recession will force companies to improve will require 2 million workers by 2015. technology to different aspects of life, and greater market demand for these are driving up the demand for core STEM and update product designs and optimize new applications. competencies including: existing manufacturing processes. From 2000 to 2010, STEM jobs grew at 1. Technology explosion: use of the 4. Conservation and green energy: three times the rate of other fields. And, internet, proliferation of web applications, environmental pressures, international the demand for STEM professionals is only social communities and mobile apps legislation, and the higher costs of projected to increase—growing 16.8% from are increasing the demand for more fossil fuels are creating new market 2010 to 2020. Demand will be greatest for sophisticated technology. opportunities.
  • 4. 4 | how to find (and keep) stem talent STEM BREAKDOWN AND GROWTH PROJECTIONS. Technology (IT/Computer) occupations make up 49% of STEM employment with architecture and engineering; life, physical and social sciences; and mathematics occupations making up 34%, 15%, and 2% respectively. STEM Occupation breakdown In the U.S., demand for STEM professionals STEM EMPLOYMENT GROWTH THROUGH 2020 the breakdown of STEM Employment is expected to increase 16.8% from 2010 to 2020—adding nearly 1.3 million new STEM 2010 2020 jobs to the workforce. The Bureau of Labor Tec Statistics expects the demand will be the 49% 34% Arc greatest for computer-related occupations, ↑ 16.8% Life with new job openings expected to jump Ma 21.8% from 2010 to 2020. STEM jobs STEM Occupation breakdown 2% 15% Technology (IT/Computer) 49% 34% Architecture and Engineering Life, Physical and Social Sciences ↑ 21.8% ↑ 10.3% ↑ 15.2% ↑ 16.6% Mathematics Technology architecture & science mathematics (IT/Computer) engineering jobs jobs jobs jobs 2% 15%
  • 5. 5 | how to find (and keep) stem talent SKILLS IN HIGHEST DEMAND. Computer and IT-related skills will continue to increase in demand through the next decade. Out of the 10 fastest growing STEM 5. Network and Computer There are other promising STEM The top four STEM jobs in terms occupations (through 2020, by numerical Systems Administrators occupations. The following of numerical and percentage increase), eight are IT/computer-related. 6. Information Security Analysts, occupations are expected to grow growth through 2020 are: Web Developers and Computer more than 25% by 2020: 1. Software Developers, Applications Overall, the fastest growing STEM Network Architects • Biomedical Engineers (61.7% growth) (143,800 new jobs, 27.6% growth) occupations (through 2020) in 7. Computer and Information • Biochemists and Biophysicists 2. Software Developers, Systems Software terms of numerical change are: Systems Managers (30.8% growth) (127,200 new jobs, 32.4% growth) 1. Software Developers, Applications 8. Civil Engineers • Database Administrators 3. Network and Computer Systems 2. Software Developers, Systems Software 9. Computer Programmers (30.6% growth) Administrators (96,600 new 3. Computer Systems Analysts 10. Medical Scientists, Except jobs, 27.8% growth) • Actuaries (26.7% growth) 4. Computer Support Specialists Epidemiologists 4. Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists (36,400 new jobs, 36.4% growth)
  • 6. 6 | how to find (and keep) stem talent STEM jobs are geographically based. Geography plays a part in where STEM jobs exist. Regions with a strong presence of STEM-related employment are often heavily dependent on government funding. Local technology centers, research parks, and research university clusters also influence the concentration of STEM jobs in a region. The following metropolitan areas have a Although the volume of STEM jobs is still relatively small, the following states have substantial volume and concentration of experienced the strongest STEM job growth on a percentage basis from 2001 to 2011: STEM jobs, compared to total employment. STEM jobs in these areas are predicted to Seattle North Dakota (31%) grow by more than 6% in the next five years: 1. Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA minneapolis 2. Baltimore-Towson, MD Wyoming (26%) 3. Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH boston Alaska (18%) 4. Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Nevada (19%) 5. Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX Utah (18%) baltimore washington san francisco 6. Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, san jose MN-WI 7. San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA atlanta san diego dallas 8. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 9. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA houston 10. Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 11. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, States with the strongest STEM job growth 2001-2011 STEM Opportunity Markets DC-VA-MD-WV
  • 7. 7 | how to find (and keep) stem talent STEM jobs are industry baseD. STEM occupations make up more than half of industry employment in computer systems design and related services; architectural, engineering, and related services; scientific research and development services; software publishing; and computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. It’s worth noting that even though the STEM workforce concentration in government is 6% overall, the government (local, state, and federal) employs more than 1 million STEM workers. Industries with the highest concentration of STEM jobs Industries with the most STEM jobs Industries with the highest concentration of STEM jobs Industries with the most STEM jobs # of STEM % of overall # of STEM % of overall jobs (’000s) industry employment jobs (’000s) industry employment 1,500 100% 1,500 100% 1,200 80% 1,200 80% 900 60% 900 60% 600 40% 600 40% 300 20% 300 20% 0 0% 0 0% Computer Architectural, Scientific Software Computer and Data Communications Navigational, Pharmaceutical Semiconductor Computer Architectural, State Federal Scientific Local Management Management, Offices Software systems design engineering, research publishers peripheral processing, equipment measuring, and and other systems design engineering, government government, research and government of companies scientific, of other publishers and related and related and equipment hosting, and manufacturing electromedical, medicine electronic and related and related civilian (except development and enterprises and technical health services services development manufacturing related and control manufacturing component services services postal service) services consulting practitioners services services instruments manufacturing services manufacturing
  • 8. 8 | how to find (and keep) stem talent THE IMPENDING TALENT DROUGHT. The jobs are there, the wages are attractive and high growth indicates strong future prospects for STEM-qualified workers. So why isn’t the supply of talent keeping up? There are five key reasons why the supply of • Only about 40% of men with STEM to their overall representation in the Eight key reasons why women STEM talent is not keeping up with demand: college degrees work in STEM jobs. U.S. workforce. and select minority groups are • Only 26% of women with STEM degrees – Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics underrepresented in stem fields: 1. Defection and attrition work in STEM jobs. each account for 6% of all STEM Even in those areas where STEM graduate 1. Culturally prescribed roles/stereotypes are • Female STEM majors are twice as likely as workers, but 11% and 14%, negatively affecting the performance and numbers are still strong, diversion of men to work in education or healthcare. respectively, of overall employment. aspirations of women and minorities workers into other fields is significantly • In contrast, the STEM picture is reversed 2. Lack of self-confidence in STEM- impacting supply. STEM students (including 2. Women and minorities for non-Hispanic Asians who make up related educational pursuits the highest performing) are diverting into are underrepresented 14% of all STEM workers but only 5% of 3. Limited exposure to STEM fields other occupations partly due to their • Almost three out of four STEM jobs (72%) the U.S. workforce. 4. Lack of role models and mentors belief that other occupations will better are held by non-Hispanic Whites. leading to feelings of isolation satisfy their personal work interests • Women fill close to half of all jobs in the Population shifts are translating into 5. Lower interest in STEM fields due to and values. U.S. economy but they hold less than more women and minorities entering the differing value system regarding work • Overall, only one-third of workers with 25% of STEM jobs. workforce. Why is it that these growing 6. Workplace biases make it more a STEM undergraduate degree work • Only half as many non-Hispanic Black or worker populations are so underrepresented difficult to advance in STEM fields in a STEM job. Hispanic workers have STEM jobs relative in STEM fields? 7. Perceived lack of flexibility/work- life balance in STEM fields 8. High costs of STEM education
  • 9. 9 | how to find (and keep) stem talent THE IMPENDING TALENT DROUGHT / continued 3. Student interest is low • Compared to 2000, the number of demographic, with 25.4% of Architectural/ bachelor’s degree in Business has grown Engineering workers 55 years or older. The first step in addressing the It is clear that something fundamental shortage of STEM-qualified is shifting interest and focus away from 32%, the number of engineering degrees • More than 50% of all Civil, Mechanical workers is for employers to STEM fields. earned has grown 19%, and there has and Industrial Engineers are over the seriously analyze how they can • The proportion of STEM bachelor’s been a negative growth rate of -14% age of 45. circumvent these issues in their degrees awarded has remained relatively in Computer and Information Sciences 5. Return migration own workplaces. flat for the past 20 years, consistently degrees earned. One in five U.S.-based STEM workers is accounting for approximately 33% of all 4. An aging workforce foreign-born, of which 63% come from Asia. degrees earned. While the aging population of the global Significant economic growth in developing • Only 17.3% of students who are proficient workforce is a growing problem for all countries, particularly throughout Asia, is in mathematics are interested in studying industries, for some STEM-based industries, beginning to offer attractive opportunities and entering a STEM field. this is compounded by a worker profile that is “back home.” Many developed nations have • In the 2008/2009 academic year, there already older than the average. relied upon skilled migration to fill talent were more than two times the number of • Less than one-quarter of the workforce gaps in STEM industries. The relatively strong bachelor’s degrees earned in Visual and (22.2%) is over 55 years of age. In the Life economic position of Asia now provides Performing Arts compared to Computer Sciences sector, this figure is closer to one- a genuine alternative to these workers, and Information Sciences, despite the third (31.4%). Architectural/Engineering potentially reducing stay-rates of STEM comparable availability of jobs. workers also represent an older workers in the U.S.
  • 10. 10 | how to find (and keep) stem talent TACTICS TO WEATHER THE STORM. While the shortage of highly skilled workers is not new, we do know that this talent gap isn’t going away anytime soon. So, what can employers do to access the STEM talent they need? 1. Focus on the work, not the worker growth for STEM workers in traditional engineering fields) approaching retirement, are now enrolled in college programs, so When your company needs work to be employment relationships (1.5%). the importance of retaining these skills internships are attracting seasoned workers. done, is your first thought usually to hire becomes paramount. Has your company Make sure you have an internship program someone permanently or full-time? The 2. Go virtual put in place a formal program for mature that works and targets the talent that’s right for supply issues outlined earlier mean that In today’s global economy of innovation, workers looking to work a reduced or flexible your organization. As a first step, it’s a good “owning the talent” may not always be another way to widen the talent net is to go schedule as they transition into retirement? idea to research existing successful internship possible. Instead of looking at the job to fill, virtual. In this setting, work can be sent to Both men and women defect from STEM programs. The key to the best programs is look at the work that needs to be done and the worker, not the other way around. And careers, but women were far more likely than planning, long before the first intern is hired. consider the growing population of STEM in high-tech industries that rely on STEM men to cite time and family-related issues as free agents to help. talent, instead of moving the talent, consider 5. Purposefully target women reasons for leaving their career. What flexible Between 2009 – 2011: moving the work. This is a philosophical and minorities work options do you offer today? Are they a • The growth of self-employed STEM change for many companies, but one that is It’s clear that women and minorities are differentiator in attracting new workers? workers (3.1%) was nearly twice the rate now being driven by necessity. underrepresented in STEM careers. But of growth for all self-employed workers 4. Re-vamp your internship program employers need to increase their efforts to (1.7%) and five times the rate of overall 3. Look inside and be flexible Internship programs are now occurring engage directly with these growing worker employment (0.6%). Look within your own walls when widening throughout the year, not just over summer, populations. For STEM talent specifically, • The growth of self-employed STEM workers your talent net. With a large number of and an intern role doesn’t have to apply only begin to build your talent community by (3.1%) was more than twice the rate of STEM workers (especially in some key to college-age workers. More mature workers reaching out to professional networking
  • 11. 11 | how to find (and keep) stem talent tactics to weather the storm / continued groups that cater to these candidate pools. 6. Sell your company, not the job understand the demands of your industry 8. Think military Groups like: Sell everything your company has to and what skills and experience you The U.S. military produces nearly 400,000 • The Society of Hispanic offer potential STEM candidates. Younger need to grow your business so they can new civilian workers annually, making it one Professional Engineers generations, and in particular, women design curricula and job training around of the largest and most valuable sources • The National Society of Black Engineers with a STEM education, are looking for your needs. of skilled talent in the country. In addition • The Association for Women in Computing more meaning and flexibility from their work to having a broad range of technical life. Whatever your employer brand, now To start exposing young students to and professional skills, servicemen and Ask your current female and minority may be the time to take a good look at it STEM careers and careers with your servicewomen often have other important STEM workers if they would recommend and fine-tune it if needed to focus on organization, talk to your local schools about qualities like strong leadership and teamwork other women and minorities to your promoting the entire experience. partnering with them to promote STEM skills, a flexible/adaptable approach to company. Why or why not? And finally, but careers and education. Your company can dynamic work situations, and a global outlook perhaps most importantly, look to minority 7. Connect with local schools sponsor career events, offer employees to (many speak more than one language). These staffing/recruiting firms to build your The most important thing your organization serve as role models and mentors, conduct reasons make recruiting among the military a bench strength of STEM talent. Niche firms can do to drive change is to begin an in-school science labs, or offer on-site great STEM talent acquisition strategy. specializing in minority, women, and disabled ongoing dialogue with local universities, internships and scholarships. There are veterans have unique insight into where and community colleges and high schools. endless ways to brand your company as an how to find this key talent. Educational institutions need to employer of choice.
  • 12. 12 | how to find (and keep) stem talent STEM TALENT GAP— INCREASING DEMAND AND STAGNANT SUPPLY. Job defection, women and minority underrepresentation, low student interest, an aging workforce, and return migration are all contributing to talent supply challenges. For employers, the answer to the STEM talent gap doesn’t rest with a singular initiative, but rather lies in a collection of strategies that when implemented holistically, enables organizations to access talent when and where it is needed.
  • 13. 13 | how to find (and keep) stem talent sources • Black Colleges’ Success in STEM, The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 2011 • Bureau of Labor Statistics • Concern as Baby-Boomers Prepare for Retirement, Financial Times, March 2010 • Education Supports Racial and Ethnic Equality in STEM, U.S. Commerce Department, September 2011 • EMSI • EMSI, States with Largest Presence of STEM-Related Jobs, October 2011 • Increasing the Number of STEM Graduates: Insights from the U.S. STEM Education & Modeling Project, 2010 • Interns Are Latest Target In Battle for Tech Talent, Wall Street Journal, December 2011 • National Center for Educational Statistics, Digest of Educational Statistics, 2010 • OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard, 2011 • Prudential Financial Named to G.I. Jobs Top 100 Military-Friendly Employers List, Wall Street Journal, December 2011 • Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine, 2010 • Science & Engineering Indicators: National Science Foundation, 2010 • Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Occupations: A Visual Essay, Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2011 • Steady as She Goes? Three Generations of Students Through the Science and Engineering Pipeline, Rutgers, ISIM, October 2009 • STEM, Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce • STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future, U.S. Department of Commerce, July 2011 • The STEM Workforce Challenge, U.S. Department of Labor, April 2007 • Top 10 Internships of 2011, Vault.com • What Top Internship Programs Look Like, ERE.net, August 2011 • Why so few? Women in Science, Engineering, Technology, and Mathematics, American Association of University Women (AAUW), February 2010 • Women in STEM: A Gender Gap to Innovation, U.S. Department of Commerce, August 2011
  • 14. About the Authors Tim McAward is vice president, Center of Excellence – Engineering, at Kelly Services, Inc. In this role, he is responsible for branding, market positioning, “go to market” strategies and profitability for the product across North America. Tim holds a Bachelor of Science, Finance degree from Arizona State University and a Master of Business Administration degree from St. Edward’s University in Austin, Texas. Megan M. Raftery is senior manager, Workforce Research and Intelligence, at Kelly Services, Inc. Megan has more than 20 years of marketing and human resource-related experience. She is responsible for research and business intelligence concerning employment trends, workforce solutions, and the future of work. About Kelly Kelly Services, Inc. (NASDAQ: KELYA, KELYB) is a leader in providing workforce solutions. Kelly® offers a comprehensive array of outsourcing and consulting services as well as world-class staffing on a temporary, temporary-to-hire and direct-hire basis. Serving clients around the globe, Kelly provides employment to more than 550,000 employees annually. Revenue in 2011 was $5.6 billion. Visit www.kellyservices.com and connect with us on Facebook, LinkedIn, & Twitter. This information may not be published, broadcast, sold, or otherwise distributed without prior written permission from the authorized party. All trademarks are property of their respective owners. An Equal Opportunity Employer © 2012 Kelly Services, Inc. X105 EXIT