1. Improving safety for motorbikes and mopeds - interim results from an analysis of the Finnish in-depth database on fatal accidents Markus MATTSSON, Lars LEDEN Transportforum, Sweden 12.01 2011

3. Methodology – Accident data Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 National databases issues UK, Greece, Finland, Italy, France Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario … MACRO ANALYSIS LEVEL M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 MICRO ANALYSIS LEVEL In-depth databases UK, Finland, France Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario … M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 1, 2, 3, 4= Model 1, 2, 3, 4 STATE OF THE ART

11. Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 A2.1 Too high speed A1.3 No action A4.1 Wrong direction A5.1 Surplus force A1.2 Too late action A6 Object A5.2 Insufficient force Misjudgement Of situation Misjudgement of Time gaps Equipment failure Late observation Overestimation of skills Priority error Inattention Insufficient skills / knowledge Road surface Reduced friction Inadequate road geometry Missed observation Reduced visibility Expectance of behaviours Psychological stress Excitement seeking Habitually stretching rules Inadequate training Inadequate road maintenance Inadequate information design Inadequate road design Results: scenario 3 – Single motorcycle accident, outside urban area and no intersection Inadequate trans- mission from road environment

15. Finnish behavioural studies at urban intersection Transportforum, Sweden, 2011

16. Finnish behavioural studies at a rural curve Transportforum, Sweden, 2011

18. Finnish behavioural studies - Percentage errors and conflicts Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 Biketype Riders passing (%) Errors (%) Conflicts (%) moped 17,3 12,7 23,1 scooter 5,4 7,1 0,0 sportsbike 22,4 31,7 46,2 custom 19,6 19,0 7,7 others 35,3 29,4 23,1 total n 496 126 13

19. Finnish behavioural studies – Percentage errors and conflicts Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 Riding with Riders passing (%) Errors (%) Conflicts (%) A passenger 13,5 2,3 0 No passenger 86,5 97,7 100 total 496 129 13

20. Finnish behavioural studies – Conspicuity of helmet % Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 others 21.8 21.8 56.3 174 Conspicuity of Helmet moped scooter sportsbike custom others bright 30.2 29.6 19.8 6.2 21.8 middle 15.1 11.1 22.5 3.1 21.8 dark 54.7 59.3 57.7 90.7 56.3 n 86 27 111 97 174

21. Finnish behavioural studies – Conspicuity of clothing % Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 Conspicuity of clothing moped scooter sportsbike custom others bright 34.9 37.0 9.9 3.1 6.3 middle 18.6 29.6 27.0 10.3 21.8 dark 46.5 33.3 63.1 86.6 71.8 n 86 27 111 97 174

22. Finnish behavioural studies – Conspicuity of bike % Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 Conspicuity of bike moped scooter sportsbike custom others bright 34.9 37.0 9.9 3.1 6.3 middle 18.6 29.6 27.0 10.3 21.8 dark 46.5 33.3 63.1 86.6 71.8 n 86 27 111 97 174

30. Transportforum, Sweden, 2011 A2.1 (12) – Too high speed A1.3 (11) – No action A4.1 (9) – Wrong direction A5.1 (9) – Surplus force A1.2 (6) – Too late action A6 (3) - Object A5.2 (1) Insufficient force C2 (43) Misjudgement of situation C1 (8) C1.1 (1) Misjudgement of Time gaps I1 (5) I1 / B2 (1) I1 / G1 (2) Equipment failure E6 (3) Sudden functional impairment E4 / C2 (1) E4 / E2 (1) E4.1 (1) E4.1 / B3 (1) Under the influence of substances E1 (4) Fear E3 (1) E3 / C2 (1) Fatigue B2 / C1 (2) B2 / C2 (16) Late observation F5 / C2 (19) F5 / C1 (1) F5 / D1 (2) Overestimation of skills D1 / C2 (24) Priority error E2.1 / C2 (1) E2.2 / B2 (2) E2.4 / C2 (1) E2.5 / C2 (1) E2 / C2 (10) E2 / B2 (6) E2 / B1 (4) E2 / B3 (3) Inattention F6 / C2 (4) F6 / F5 (9) F6 / B2 (1) Insufficient skills / knowledge P3 / I1 (2) Inadequate construction of vehicle parts and/or structures L3 / C2 (5) Road surface degradation L4 / C2 (1) L4.1 / C2 (2) L4 / C1 (1) Object on road M2 / C2 (4) M2 / B2 (4) M2 / B1 (2) Inadequate transmission From road environment L2 / C2 (6) L2 / C1 (2) Reduced friction L5 / C2 (3) L5 / B2 (3) Inadequate road geometry O1 / I1 (4) Inadequate vehicle maintenance B1 / C2 (8) Missed observation J1 / C2 (2) J1 / C1 (1) J1 / B2 (4) J1 / B1 (2) J1 / B3 (1) Reduced visibility B3 / C1 (3) B3 / C2 (4) False observation F2 / C2 (11) Expectance of certain behaviours L1 / C1 (1) Insufficient guidance K2 / B2 (3) Permanent Obstruction of view E7.1 / D1 (6) E7 / D1 (2) Psychological stress E5 / D1 (18) Excitement seeking F4 / D1 (5) Habitually stretching rules And recommendations N4 / F6 (7) Inadequate training O2 / L3 (4) O2 / L2 (6) O2 / L4 (1) Inadequate road maintenance Q1 / M2 (9) Inadequate information design Q2 / L5 (4) Q2 / L2 (1) Q2 / K2 (2) Inadequate road design N3 / E3 (1) Heavy physical activity before ride K1 / B2 (1) K1 / B1 (2) Temporary Obstruction of view G1 / B1 (2) G1 / B2 (1) G1 / B3 (1) Temporary illumination problem Results: scenario 3 – Single motorcycle accident, outside urban area, no intersection