Evaluating Electronic Stability Systems Test Methods
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The document summarizes a project to develop a test method for evaluating electronic stability control (ESC) systems in passenger cars. The project aims to understand the safety benefits of ESC, what types of accidents it can avoid or reduce, and how to best represent real driver behavior in tests. It discusses ESC technology and regulations, reviews existing test methods, and reports on preliminary tests conducted with participants. The project aims to further quantify ESC benefits and develop improved test methods, including through simulator studies comparing performance on low- and high-friction surfaces.
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Evaluating Electronic Stability Systems Test Methods
- 1. Utvärdering av elektroniska system för stabilitets system Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 2. A test method for evaluating safety aspects of ESC equipped passenger cars • Internt VTI projekt • Bannövning, litteraturöversikt, fokusgrupp, intervjuer… • Deltagare: Mattias Hjort, Håkan Andersson, Jonas Jansson, Selina Mårdh, Jerker Sundström, Anna Vadeby, Mats Wiklund • Rapport tillgänglig på: http://www.vti.se Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 3. Syftet med projektet • The fundamental questions for developing the test method are: – What are the safety benefits of ESC systems? – What type of car accidents can be avoided/reduced by ESC? – Which of the present field tests are most representative for these accidents? – Under what road condition is ESC most efficient for avoiding accidents? – How is the effect of ESC influenced by poor/erroneous driver behaviour? – How can a test be designed to represent a real driver with a steering robot? • Research questions for the driver behaviour in relation to ESC: – Is the driver aware of having an ESC system in the car? – What knowledge and practical experience does the driver have considering handling and use of the ESC system? – Is the driver aware of any change in his/her driver behaviour as a consequence of the ESC system? • What is the perceived use and acceptance of the ESC system? – Practical issues that were considered in the project: – The robustness of the test results (method) with respect to changes of the tested vehicle. Such changes could concern for e.g. the vehicle load, or the quality of the tyres. – Can the winter-performance of an ESC be represented by tests on dry asphalt with summer tyres? Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 4. Stabilitetssystem Vad är stabilitetssystem? Girstabilitet: • ESC, AYC, ESP, DSTC, DSC, VDC, VDCS, VDS, VSC, VSA, CST … Rollstabilitet: • RSC… Spinreglering: • DSA… Övrigt: • ABS, EBD… Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 5. Girstabilitetssystem • MB: A-klass 1997, standar utr. • Forskning: Tydlig olycksreducerande effekt 10 – 50 %, Folksam, Lie, A., Tingvall, C., Krafft, M. and Kullgren, A. (2004). The , Farmer C. M. (2006), Forkenbrock, G. J., Elsasser, D., O’Harra, B. C. (2005 … • USA lag: ”The United States…mandating ESC for all passenger vehicles under 10,000 pounds (4536 kg), phasing in the regulation starting with 55% of 2009 models (effective September 1, 2008), 75% of 2010 models, 95% of 2011 models, and 100% of 2012 models.” http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.012c081c5966f0 ca3253ab10cba046a0/ • EU lag: ”The agreement, made at a United Nations meeting in Geneva, requires heavy vehicles approved by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) braking Regulation (Regulation 13) to be fitted with an ESC system meeting an agreed specification. … Regulation 13 will require new vehicle types in the most common categories to be fitted with ESC from 2010.” http://www.chooseesc.eu/en/news/esc_in_new_trucks_and_co aches.htm • Choose ESC: http://www.chooseesc.eu/, euroNCAP… Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 6. ESC – Electronic Stability Control Hur fungerar det? Understyrning Referens Överstyrning Vad kan det göra och vilka begränsningar har det? Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 7. Begränsningar i friktionen - referens R esulterande sidkraft Avdriftsvinkel Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 8. ESC – Electronic Stability Control Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 9. ESC – Electronic Stability Control Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 10. NHTSA regulations regarding ESC Amplitude • Överstyrningsprov - Sine with Dwell Handwheel angle 500 ms • Understyrningsprov -Amplitude Time (s) – Koppling till rollstabilitet – Repeterbarhet vid låg µ Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 11. Bantester • Möjlighet för projektdeltagarna att får praktisk erfarenhet av ESC (10 personer deltog) • Två provmanövrar (Modified ISO 3888-2 och “Closing radius”) • Utvärdera provnings möjligheter (på torrasfalt) med förare • No sever spinouts Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 12. ESC påverkan av förarbeteende • Audi A4 ägare, årsmodel 2003-2005 • 4 män och 1 kvinna • Resultat från disskusionen – Deltagarna har viss kännedom om ESC – Man menar att ESC ej påverkar körbeteendet Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 13. Säkerhetshöjandeeffekter från ESC • A warning system for slippery roads. • Vehicle yaw stability – Because of the improved stability control the driver does not lose control in a critical situation and avoids an accident altogether. – In a situation where the host vehicle is struck lightly (e.g. in a rear-end collision or a side- swipe) the increased stability control may help the driver maintain control and thus avoid a secondary collision. However, it should be mentioned that many systems, currently on the market, will be switched off in the collision moment. – In a collision where the driver tries to steer away from the threat the increased stability control may cause the obstacle to be struck with the front end rather than the side. Being struck from the side is normally more dangerous than being struck in the front end, thus, in this case the improved stability will cause the driver to be better protected by the vehicles passive safety systems. • Vehicle roll stability – Untripped rollover – Tripped rollover • Reduced collision speed. Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se
- 14. Sammanfattning och fortsatt forskning • Kvantifiering av nyttoeffekter behövs • Provmetoder behövs • Simulatorstudie för att kvantifiera betydelsen av olika nyttoeffekter • Jämförande provning på låg- och hög-µ med olika däck. Jonas.jansson@vti.se, Vehicle Technology and Silmulation www.vti.se