History of digitization in Dutch museums course, last class overview.

1. Capita Selecta
2012-2013 History of Dutch
museum digitization
13- Overview
40 years of digitization
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Opleiding Culturele Informatiewetenschap
© Trilce Navarrete Hernandez

2. Today
• About
DEconf12
(h4p://www.youtube.com/user/CATCHPlusNL)
• Final
paper
• Goals
/
expectaIons
• Overview
• (themaIc)
Imeline
• Some
concluding
thoughts
Image: “Faces of the Rijksmuseum”
CS
2012-­‐2013
http://weblab.ab-c.nl/rijksmuseum

3. Goals
• Know
the
most
important
elements
in
the
digiIzaIon
of
Dutch
museums.
– Discover
your
history
!
To
be&er
understand
the
present.
• Know
the
digiIzaIon
process.
– With
a
focus
on
policy,
finances,
technology,
organizaIonal
change
and
the
user
of
heritage
content.
To
understand
complex
projects.
• IdenIfy
the
differences
between
Dutch
and
internaIonal
museums.
– To
compare
interna7onally,
with
other
7mes
and
across
sectors.
• Apply
CIW
theories.
– Use
your
CIW
knowledge.
To
strengthen
your
CIW
excellence.
• Think
strategically
during
criIcal
analysis
of
digiIzaIon
processes.
CS
2012-­‐2013

4. • Individual
wri4en
analysis
(x4)
Tasks
• You
chose
a
theme:
policy,
finances,
technology,
organizaIonal
change,
the
user.
✔
• You
map
the
history
on
the
one
theme.
Almost: make timeline?
• Group
acIvity
• Linked
to
final
research
project.
Almost: write intro together
✔ • Literature
review
(x8)
May need to review for final paper
• You
read
and
analyze
the
texts
(summary,
core
ideas,
place
in
history).
• You
link
it
to
the
present
(e.g.
sIll
valid?)
• Final
research
project
• You
chose
a
theme
to
analyze.
✔
• You
set
in
history
(based
on
x4
individual
wri4en
documents).
• You
set
in
CIW
theory.
Review ICI (e.g. market of information JMO)
• You
organize
the
data,
you
idenIfy
the
characterisIcs,
and
you
reflect
on
the
process
=
what
does
it
all
mean?
Write final report (2 weeks)
CS
2012-­‐2013

5. Ideas
/
tools
?
CS
2012-­‐2013

6. Ideas
/
tools
?
CS
2012-­‐2013

7. Tell
your
story
based
on
all
the
pieces
from
class,
from
the
literature,
from
your
own
sources
…
Support
them
with
CIW
theory.
What
do
you
see?
What
quesIons
emerge?
CS
2012-­‐2013

8. Sodware
development
Policy
towards
selecIon
of
objects
Concept
of
First
Ime
a
new
collecIon
technology
was
used
Grant
and
subsidy
allocaIon
Public
involvement
in
digiIzaIon
Use
of
resources
to
register
collecIons
Policy
towards
use
of
standards
Use
of
the
(pre)web
to
access
content
InternaIonal
Type
of
informaIon
influence/inspiraIon
being
documented
CS
2012-­‐2013

9. Overview
Once
upon
a
Ime…
Museums
began
experimen(ng
with
the
use
of
computers,
there
was
an
interest
in
a
tool
to
support
administra(on
and
increase
data
exchange.
The
government
saw
potenIal
and
supported
adopIon
(naIonal/EC
level).
Netherlands
was
inspired
by
work
abroad.
• 1950s
‘white
book’
for
collecIons
administraIon
• 1968
Computers
and
their
PotenIal
ApplicaIon
conference
(MET
+
IBM)
• 1969
subsidy
to
document
Salt
Water
Finishing
(literature,
then
objects)
• 1970s
Chenhall
Nomenclature
• 1978
remote
search
conducted
on
ship
models
(data
in
KIM)
• 1987
Basic
RegistraIon
Card
launched
• 1989
EC
European
Museum
Network
(for
data
exchange)
• 1994
NaIonal
AcIon
Program
ECS
2012-­‐2013
Superhighway
lectronic
This story can be told from many different perspectives…

10. Overview
SupporIng
groups
formed:
MARDOC
had
an
unprecedented
leading
role.
This
was
to
an
extent
taken
over
by
SIMIN
and
then
by
DEN.
Smaller
groups
can
be
themaIc
(SVCN,
OKBN)
or
geographic.
All
groups
have
conducted
surveys
and
made
inventories
of
the
state
of
affairs,
have
advised
on
best
pracIce
and
have
taken
a
guiding
role.
These
groups
have
coordinated
answers
to
‘why
digiIze?’
and
‘how
to
go
about
it?’
(what
informaIon?
In
what
form?).
They
have
also
advocated
for
museum
needs.
• 1973
VISDOC
formed
• 1976
MARDOC
formed
(1987
absorbed
by
RKD)
• 1977
SIMIN
formed
(InformaIon
Retrieval
SecIon
from
NMV)
• 1982
OKBN
formed
(7
libraries)
• 1990
SVCN
FoundaIon
formed
CS
2012-­‐2013
• 1999
DEN
formed

11. Overview
InformaIon
became
of
value:
Access
to
collecIon
(informaIon),
now
and
in
the
future,
has
been
the
central
purpose
to
digiIze.
InformaIon
can
be
found
in
many
forms
(not
only
in
museum
objects).
Eventually,
informaIon
about
the
objects,
‘the
story’,
is
being
valued
as
key
asset.
AutomaIon/digiIzaIon
and
informaIon
management
have
developed
into
a
specializaIon.
• 1990
Museum
Boerhave
adverIsed
a
‘registrar’
posiIon
• 1990s
organizaIons
(e.g.
Rijks)
separated
CollecIon
InformaIon
from
IT
• 2000
TM
‘every
object
has
a
story’,
‘knowledge
is
in
people’s
heads’
• 2007
Images
of
the
Future
was
to
sell
content
• 2010
AM
‘the
stories
about
Amsterdam
and
residents’
is
core
collecIon,
objects
help
illustrate
• 1013
Rijksmuseum
explores
niche-­‐sourcing
(focused
crowd
to
conIrbute)
CS
2012-­‐2013

12. Overview
DigiIzaIon
supports
the
economy:
ProducIon
and
distribuIon
of
digital
heritage
content
has
increasingly
resulted
from
the
collaboraIon
of
memory
insItuIons
(LAMs),
knowledge
centers
(universiIes),
private
businesses
(creaIve
industries)
and
the
user
(generally
underesImated).
Areas
of
experIse
include
heritage,
IT,
the
market
and
the
user.
Interdisciplinary,
cross
sector
collabora(ons
are
core
to
innovaIve
market
soluIons.
• 1990
ICES-­‐KIS
R&D
>
2000
ICES-­‐KIS
for
culture
• 1999
Digital
Delta
R&D
for
heritage
(managed
by
DEN)
• 2004
CATCH
>
2009
CATCH
Plus
(valoriza7on)
• 2011
EC
recommendaIons:
foster
public-­‐private
partnerships
• 2012
COMMIT
CS
2012-­‐2013

13. Overview
But,
li4le
is
known
of
digiIzaIon
costs:
A
number
of
models
have
been
devised
to
es(mate
costs.
InsItuIons
sIll
generally
lack
a
structural
digiIzaIon
budget.
The
lack
of
oversight
hinders
long
term
planning
and
preservaIon
(of
past
investments).
Financing
with
private
moneys
further
raises
issues
of
responsibili(es
towards
the
informaIon.
New
innovaIve
forms
of
(open)
private
support
could
be
beneficial.
Meten
is
weten
?
• 1987
SIMIN
(R=(T*S)+M+F)
• 1990
Delta
Plan
for
the
PreservaIon
of
Cultural
Heritage
(T*#
objects)
• 1995
MusIP
(T*available
informaIon
+
#
collecIons)
• 2008
NUMERIC
(The
Digital
Facts)
(FTEs)
(archive
cost
model)
• 2012
ENUMERATE
(FTEs)
• 2012
digiIzaIon
is
generally
financed
internally
CS
2012-­‐2013

14. We now can ‘proof’ what we already knew…
Concluding
thoughts
Overview
AdopIon
of
computers
fundamentally
changed
work
in
museums.
Changes
can
be
mapped
in
organizaIonal
change,
in
policy
development,
in
resource
allocaIon,
in
choice
of
technology,
in
relaIon
to
the
public,
demand
expectaIons
and
in
the
concept
of
a
(virtual)
museum
and
its
(digital)
collecIon.
AdopIng
computers
has
required
adapta(on
to
a
new
way
of
thinking.
New
skills,
new
work
forms,
new
standards
and
new
possibiliIes
all
come
together.
Key
is
valua(on
of
informa(on
from
mulIple
sources
(e.g.
objects,
stories,
library).
DigiIzaIon
is
a
con(nuous
process.
The
knowledge
infrastructure
is
slowly
being
built/funded.
Transparency
and
professionalism
have
increased
to
benefit
understanding
of
informaIon
management.
DocumentaIon
and
infrastructural
work
generally
lacks
the
reputaIon
publicaIon/exhibiIons
have.
The
Internet,
however,
can
only
show
what
has
been
done.
UlImately,
digiIzaIon
is
a
tool
to
facilitate
knowledge
transfer.
As
such,
issues
of
IPR,
mass
digiIzaIon,
use
of
(open)
standards,
market
value,
CS
2012-­‐2013
financing,
sustainability,
and
selecIon
must
be
dealt
with
accordingly.

15. Overview
QuesIons:
There
are
810
museums
and
ca.
16
million
in
habitants
in
the
Netherlands.
What
is
the
raIo
of
museum
(virtual)
visits?
What
does
that
mean?
If
digiIzed/digital
heritage
is
also
property
of
the
government,
will
user
generated
content
also
be
regarded
as
such?
Is
informaIon
inherently
public?
We
are
all
waiIng
for
the
next
thing
(e.g.
digital
humaniIes),
what
are
the
challenges
ahead?
How
would
you
tell
the
story
of
digiIzaIon
in
Dutch
museums?
CS
2012-­‐2013

16. Next
Ime
• Wed
12
Dec:
last
class
with
presentaIons:
think
of
bringing
a
guest.
• NB
Wed
6
Feb
CIW-­‐AW
meeIng
(15:00hrs)
CS
2012-­‐2013