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This is a translated version of the slides that I used for a workshop to explain cross cultural communication on Chinese and Japanese. There are something people in other part of the world may be inspired by, so I am sharing it with you. Enjoy.
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- 1. Communication Style Workshop Hisao Tsujimura 2012.05.30 12年6月9日土曜日 1
- 2. Which Do You Think Is A Japanese? B C A 12年6月9日土曜日 2
- 3. In Old Anthological Grouping... Chart byCarleton S. Coon Caucasoid Mongoloid 12年6月9日土曜日 3
- 4. Japanese and Chinese are almost DNA relatives :-) Human Generic Clustering: Neighbor-joining method, by Naruya Saitou and Masatoshi Nei (2002) 12年6月9日土曜日 4
- 5. Similar Appearance Makes Us Believe We Are Similar 12年6月9日土曜日 5
- 6. Similarity Makes Us Believe We Can Understand Without Effort THIS IS NOT TRUE AT ALL! 12年6月9日土曜日 6
- 7. How Different Are We? ✤ Let’s think about how Japanese would react to some questions. ✤ How would Chinese react to the same question? 12年6月9日土曜日 7
- 8. Q1: Taste Bad! ✤ When dishes taste bad at the restaurant, what would Japanese typically do? ✤ 1) Give the cook suggestions to improve the dishes. ✤ 2) They say “unique taste” but not “taste bad.” ✤ 3) They don’t say anything, but they never go to the restaurant again. ✤ What is the Chinese reaction? 12年6月9日土曜日 8
- 9. Q2: Sold Out ✤ You went to a department store to buy a clothes. You cannot find the one you would like to buy. When you ask the staff of the store, which of the followings is considered to be the most appropriate manner in best Japanese department stores? ✤ 1) Tell the customer it is sold out. ✤ 2) Suggest an alternative because the one customer wants is sold out. ✤ 3) Tell the customer to check the inventory first, go backyard and then tell the customer it is sold out. 12年6月9日土曜日 9
- 10. A Few Phrases To Understand Japan (1) ✤ Mencius 仁 Have considerate mind 義 Have mind to know the shame 礼 Have mind to be modest 智 Have mind to distinguish right and wrong. ✤ 鄧小平氏(Deng Xiaoping) 「韜光養 」 … Similar idea with “礼.” 12年6月9日土曜日 10
- 11. A Few Phrases To Understand Japan(2) ✤ “Respect the Harmony.”「和（わ）をもって尊（とうと）しとなす」 ✤ The original meaning is “We tend to have stubborn believes and opinions and make silos. Therefore we need to respect others and work together based on reasoning.” ✤ A lot of Japanese believes this means “Getting along each other is precious. We should act like others.” ✤ “Arigato” (Thank you.) ✤ Arigato literally means “it is difficult to exist.” Japanese are not very good at saying thank you because it makes us blush. 12年6月9日土曜日 11
- 12. High Context Culture and Low Context Culture High Context Culture Low Context Culture Values in traditions and history Values in new and innovation Values in groups and organizations Values in individuals Indirect expressions / metaphors Direct expressions Constitute of similar ethnic groups Variety of ethnic groups Weight on non-verbal communication Weight on verbal communication Implicit rules Explicit rules Likes to build long-term relationship Short term, goal-based relationships Group responsibility Individual responsiblities Respect harmony Getting Jobs Done is a priority. 12年6月9日土曜日 12
- 13. High Context Countries Relatively High Context Countries Relatively Low Context Countries African United States Arab Australian Brazilian English Chinese English Canadian Indian German Italian / French / Greek Irish Japanese New Zealand Korean Scandinavia Thai et al... 12年6月9日土曜日 13
- 14. Cultural Context Spectrum ✤ German-Swiss < German < North American < French < English < Italian < Spanish < Mexican < Greek < Arab < Korean < Japanese < Chinese < High context culture German English Greek Japanese Chinese German-Swiss French Mexican Korean North Scandinavian American Spanish Arab ✤ Low context culture ✤ High context culture 12年6月9日土曜日 14
- 15. High Context Culture ✤ Japan and China have high context culture. We don’t need to explain much but understand each other. ✤ Going over cultural boundary makes high context culture difficult to understand because each culture has unique backgrounds but do not express themselves explicitly. ✤ There are individual differences, but Chinese and Japanese will have friction because of this. 12年6月9日土曜日 15
- 16. Q3: What Do Hotels Do? ✤ In high context culture, it is expected that servers tries to predict customer requests at the certain level. How do hotels handle this sort of situation where they come across “first time” guests every day? ✤ What can we do? 12年6月9日土曜日 16
- 17. A Couple Examples ✤ We are ladies and gentlemen serving ladies and gentlemen. (Ritz-Carlton Hotel) ✤ Customer Notes ✤ Record everything -- customer name, likes, good/bad experience and serve better next time. ✤ Take claims for Improvement 12年6月9日土曜日 17
- 18. My Experience ✤ Japan has custom of sending wrist-watches in return to engagement rings. ✤ Mine broke and I fixed my watch. Watch manufacturer returned me old parts in an envelope. For some reason, I left it in a hotel room. ✤ After a 2 years or so, I stayed at this hotel. At check-in they asked me if I left an envelop 2 years ago. ✤ It is their policy to keep everything is their lost and found until the hotel no longer exist -- even a piece of memo on the coffee table because it may be part of guests’ memory. 12年6月9日土曜日 18
- 19. Summary ✤ Japanese and Chinese are different. We should be aware of the differences and keep communicating. ✤ Keep thinking -- What can we do? 12年6月9日土曜日 19
- 20. References ✤ High Context - Low Context Culture ✤ Edward T. Hall Website ✤ Edward T. Hall and the History of Intercultural Communication: The United States and Japan by Everett M. Rogers, William B. Hart and Yoshitaka Mike. ✤ Wikipedia - High Context Culture ✤ http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue1/wuertz.html ✤ 12年6月9日土曜日 20