Presentation given by Abigail Gonzalez Diaz of the University of Edinburgh on "Gas CCUS in Mexico" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014

1. GAS CCUS IN MEXICO
Abigail González Díaz
José Miguel González-Santaló
Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) Mexico
Gas CCS Meeting
Brighton, UK
June 25, 2014

2. 1. Why CCS and CO2 for EOR in Mexico?
• Growth in electricity production
• Electricity generation
• Natural gas and oil production
• CO2-EOR Potential
2. Current status of CO2-EOR in PEMEX-CFE
3. Future plant on CCUS
Outline

3. MAIN SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1. Estrategia Nacional de Energía 2013-2027
Prospectiva del Sector Eléctrico 2013-2027
Secretaría de Energía, México
www.sener.gob.mx/portal/publicaciones.html
2. R. Lacy et al. Initial assessment of the potential for future CCUS
with EOR projects in Mexico using CO2 captured from fossil fuel
industrial plants, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
19 (2013) 212–219
3. Fernando Rodríguez de la Garza, CO2 – EOR program in Mexico,
Gas networking meeting , Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico 11-12
February 2014

4. The two major energy companies in Mexico are state owned
1. The Mexican oil company Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) is
the second most profitable company in Latin America
2. The Utility Company Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE)
Mexican oil has been controlled exclusively by the state-owned
Pemex for more than 75 years
MEXICO OPENS UP ITS ENERGY MARKETS
On December 12, 2013, Mexican legislators approved
controversial reforms to the country’s energy sector

5. Why CCS and CO2 for EOR?
• Fast growth. Installed capacity of 62 GW in 2009, 113 GW in
2028
• Natural gas is and will be the dominant energy source in 2028
• The oil industry will require large amounts of CO2 for EOR
Mexico ‘s mitigation target
“reduce GHG emissions by 50% below 2002 levels by 2050”

6. Growth in electricity production
Values in TW-hr

7. Electricity generation 2012-2028
2/ Nueva generación limpia (NGL): Nuclear, carboeléctrica o ciclo combinado con captura y confinamiento de CO2, o renovable
2012real
60,459 MW
2028
113,708 MW
POISE 2014-2028
Geotermoeléctrica
1.3%
Ciclo combinado
31.2%
Termoeléctrica
convencional
19.7%
Turbogás
5.6%
Combustión
interna
0.5%
Eoloeléctrica
1.8%
Hidroeléctrica
19.3%
Carboeléctrica
8.9%
Nucleoeléctrica
2.7%Solar
0.0%
Coque
0.9%Biomasa
0.1%
Autoabastecimien
to local
7.9%
Geotermoeléctrica
1.0%
Ciclo combinado
45.2%
Termoeléctrica
convencional
1.7% Turbogás
1.9%
Combustión
interna
0.3% Eoloeléctrica
10.9%
Hidroeléctrica
13.8%
Carboeléctrica
4.2%
Nucleoeléctrica
1.2%
Solar
1.6%
NGL
11.5%
Coque
0.8%
Biomasa
0.3%
Autoabastecimien
to local
5.5%
2/

8. In 2013 . In construction
Total: 3,522 MW → NGCC 1,934 MW
Capacity authorized for public service
Total: 9,679 MW → NGCC 7,283 MW
Aditional capacity between 2016 – 2022
Total: 14,795 MW → NGCC 10,704 MW
Aditional capacity between 2023 – 2028
Total: 26,955 MW1 → NGCC 11,013 MW
POISE 2014-2028

9. Total: 3,522 MW
Centrales terminadas y en proceso de
construcción, en 2013. Servicio público
1/ Agua Prieta II (operación de una TG en ciclo abierto 134 MW) en Julio de 2014
MW
1,934
3,522
Ciclo combinado
Total
Eoloeléctrica 103
Geotermoeléctrica 107
Combustión interna 58.6
Turbogás-cogeneración 521
Termosolar 14
Baja
California II
TG Fase I
(139 MW)
Guerrero Negro III
(12 MW)
Baja California
Sur IV
(Coromuel)
(44 MW)
Humeros II Fases A y B
(2x27 MW )
Salamanca Fase I
(382 MW )
Azufres III
Fase I
(53 MW)
Sureste I Fase II
(103 MW)
Centro
(658 MW)
Termosolar Agua Prieta II
(14 MW)
Agua Prieta II 1/
(404 MW)
Piloto Solar
(5 MW)
Norte II
(Chihuahua)
(445 MW)
Santa Rosalía
(2.6 MW)
Aura Solar
(30 MW)
La Yesca U1 y U2
(750 MW)
Manzanillo I rep U2
(427 MW)
Solar 35
Hidroeléctrica 750
4. POISE 2014-2028

10. Total: 9,679 MW
capacidad en licitación autorizada y condicionada
para Servicio Público
Hidroeléctrica
Ciclo
combinado
Turbogás
Geotermoeléctrica
Total
MW
480
7,283
86
29
9,679
Eoloeléctrica 1,688
Combustión interna 109
Las Cruces
(240 MW
(203 MW)
Sureste I Fase I
Solar 4
Rumorosa
(3x100 MW)
I,II y III
Santa Rosalía Ciclo
binario
(2 MW)
Santa Rosalía (FV)
(4 MW)
Santa Rosalía II
(15 MW)
Noroeste y Topolobampo III
(847 y 700 MW)
(2 x 735 MW)
Guaymas II y III
(43 MW)
Baja California Sur VI
La Paz
(117 MW)
Noreste (Escobedo)
(1,034 MW)
Lerdo (Norte IV)
(990 MW)
Valle de México II
(601MW)
Chicoasén II
(240 MW)
(1,185 MW)
Surestes II, III IV V
Baja California II (276 MW)
Baja California II TG Fase II (86 MW)
Norte III
(Juárez)
(954 MW)
(43 MW)
Baja California Sur V
(Coromuel)
Guerrero Negro IV
(8 MW)
Baja California III
(La Jovita)
(294 MW)
Humeros III
(Fase A)
(27 MW)
4. POISE 2014-2028

11. 1/ Las cifras están redondeadas a números enteros, por lo que los totales podrían no corresponder exactamente
2/ No incluidos en el mapa
Total: 14,795 MW1/
Hidroeléctrica
Ciclo
combinado
Solar 2/
Turbogás
Geotermoeléctrica
Total
MW
1,133
10,704
790
432
135
14,7951/
Manzanillo II rep.
U1 y U2
(2 x460 MW)
Francisco Villa (Norte V)
(958 MW)
Todos Santos
(137 MW)
Central Tula
(1,162 MW )
Angostura II
Eoloeléctrica 1,600
Mexicali I
(27 MW)
La Parota U1 y U2
(455 MW)
Mérida
(526 MW)
Tamaulipas
(3 x 200 y 300 MW)
(136 MW)
I, II, III y IV
Aguascalientes
(872 MW)
(1,088 MW)
Monterrey IV
Centro II
(660 MW )
Baja California IV (SLRC) 522 MW
San Luis Potosí
(862 MW)
Guadalajara I
(908 MW)
Mazatlán
(867 MW)
Eólica I
(200 MW)
Cerritos
Colorados
Fase I y II
(2x27 MW)
Paso de la Reina
(543 MW)
Mérida TG
(169 MW)
Eólica II
(200 MW)
Los Cabos I TG
(94 MW)
Salamanca 680 MW
Valladolid IV
(542 MW)
Coahuila I y II
(300 MW)
Azufres III Fase
II
(27MW)
Humeros III Fase B
(27 MW)
Cancún TG
(169 MW)
capacidad requerida adicional
Servicio público 2016 – 2022
4. POISE 2014-2028

12. 1/ Las cifras están redondeadas a números enteros, por lo que los totales podrían no corresponder exactamente
Total: 26,955 MW1/
Hidroeléctrica
Ciclo Combinado
Nueva
Generación limpia
Total
MW
1,180
11,013
12,775
26,955 1/
Eoloeléctrica 1,200
Turbogás 94
Noroeste II y IV
(2X1400 MW)
Valladolid V
(542 MW)
Baja California VI
(Ensenada)
Pacífico II y III
(1x700 MW)
Oriental l, II, III, IV, IX Y X
(3x1225 MW)
(565 MW)
Salamanca II
(680 MW)
Mérida V
(540 MW)
Norte VI y VII (Chih.)
(2x968 MW)
Valle de México III
(601 MW) Tenosique
(422 MW)
Central II (Tula)
(1,162 MW)
Baja California V (Mexicali)
(522 MW)
Todos Santos II
(123 MW)
Sistema Pescados (La Antigua)
(121 MW)
Xúchile
s
(54 MW)
La Paz II
(117 MW)
Tamazunchale II y III
(2x1,121MW)
Omitlán
(231 MW)
Madera (352 MW)
Todos Santos III
(123 MW)
Occidental I y II
(1400MW)
Los Cabos II TG
(94 MW)
Cd. Constitución
(137 MW)
Eólica III, VI,
(4X200 MW)
Santa Rosalía III
(11 MW)
Solar 600
Solar V
(100 MW)
Geotermoeléctrica 81
Cerritos Colorados
Fase III
(27 MW)
Sabinas I y II
(2X700 MW)
Eólica IV
(200 MW)
Solar VI
(100 MW)
San Luis Potosi
II
(862 MW)
Eólica V
(200 MW)
Geotermoeléctrica I y II
(2X27 MW)
Solar VII
(100 MW)
(1x1400 MW)
Solar VIII
(100 MW)
Solar X
(100 MW)
Aguascalientes
II
(872MW)
VII y VIII
Combustión Interna 11
Oriental V y VI
(1400 MW)
Solar IX
(100 MW)
capacidad requerida adicional
Servicio público (2023 – 2028)
4. POISE 2014-2028

13. EOR IN OIL PRODUCTION
Millionsofbarrelsperday
EOR
Oil production
The world's largest nitrogen-injection EOR project, led by PEMEX in Cantarrell

14. GAS PRODUCTION IN ENE. INCLUDES SHALE GAS
bcf
Natural gas production (bcf)
EOR
• 600 trillion cubic feet of shale gas. Ranks 6th largest in the world
• 13 billion barrels of recoverable shale oil resources . Ranks 8th largest in the world.
http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Mexico-Shale-Gas-Industry-and-Energy-
Reform.html

15. LOCATION OF SHALE GAS RESERVES IN MEXICO
Localization of Shale gas in Mexico

16. 1. The large Mexican oil fields,
that are candidates for EOR, is
expected to need up 50
million tons of CO2 per year
2. The largest emitter region of
CO2 (20.1 million tons per
year)
CO2-EOR Potential
The Gulf of Mexico is
R. Lacy et al. / International Journal of
Greenhouse Gas Control 19 (2013) 212–219

17. CO2 sources in the Gulf of Mexico 2013
R. Lacy et al. / International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 19 (2013) 212–219
It is to increase oil production by CO2-EOR
from 659 to 1,758 MMB

18. CO2-EOR Potential
Potential CO2 - EOR
Anthropogenic sources of CO2
Federal comission of Electricity
Natural sources of CO2
Quebrache (260 MMSCFD / 13 MTonne/D)
Ogarri
o
Coyotes
San Andrés
Carmit
o
Cosoleacaque: CPQC (80 MMSCFD / 4
MTonne/D)
CFE Tuxpan (390 MMSCFD / 19.5 MTonne/D)
Tres Hermanos (5 MMSCFD / 250 Tonne/D)
Maloob
Copy right by Fernando Rodríguez de la Garza, CO2 – EOR program in Mexico, Gas networking
meeting , Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico 11-12 February 2014
CO2 can be capture from Tuxpan power station to inject on
Chicontepec fields.
Pilot testing will be necessary in order to confirm oil recovery using CO2

19. 19
• In 2008 CFE started several actions related to CCS
• 2009 CFE contracted to the Mario Molina Center and IIE to
do preliminary studies for a demostrative CO2 capture plant
• 2010 a pilot test of CO2 continuous injection was performed
in the Coyotes field
• In 2012 the Mexican Congress approved the General Climate
Change Law to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
One of its strategies to reach this objective is the application
of CCS on fossil fuel power plants and in the oil industry for
EOR
Current status of CO2-EOR in
PEMEX-CFE

20. Future plans on CCUS
CCS project funded by The global CCS institute and U.S. DOE 2014
• Workshop on storage in Mexico City IPN in August- Focus on Burgos and Sabinas
basins. Geologists from industry and academy
• Workshop in Mexico City CFE in September –Students including chemists &
engineers from industry, academia and research institutions
• Workshop Hermosillo CFE and will be directed at undergraduate students in the
earth sciences area
IEAGHG Summer school 2016 will be hosted by IIE Cuernavaca Morelos
CCUS-EOR project of PEMEX funded by Mexican government (start 2015
a period of 3 years)
• Design and implement a CO2-EOR pilot test at the Cinco Presidentes field by using
the high purity CO2 to be captured in the ammonia plants in Petrochemical Center
of Cosoleacaque, CPQC.
• Full scale CO2-EOR implementation in the selected field will allow for elimination
of current CO2 emissions from CPQC, of about 100-120 MMSCFD.
• ( 5,000 a 6,000 ton/d)

21. • It is expected that 60-70% of the injected CO2 will remain sequestered in
the reservoir. It will be confirmed by the pilot results
Long term
SENER- SEMARNAT before 2018 (SENER, Enero 2014, SEMARNAT)
• Pilot plant 50 MW to provide 5 MMSCF/d CO2 for a EOR project
• Demostration plant 250 MW to provide 25 MMSCF/d CO2 for EOR
project in a big reservoir
CCS SENER – WORLD BANK
Pilot plant 2 MW in Poza Rica Veracruz
• SENER-PEMEX-CFE–SEMARNAT: Currently defining the
Technology Route Map for CCUS-EOR of Mexico. Implementation will
start later in 2014.
Future plan on CCUS

22. •CCS in NGCC will be needed due to the large participation
of this technology in Power Generation
•There are several projects in CCS that are being promoted
and carried out
•PEMEX will need CO2 for its EOR projects that exceeds
the natural sources available
•PEMEX needs to assess the effectiveness of CO2 EOR in
the Mexican oil fields
•Resources are limited and are slowing down some projects
•EOR is one on the main drivers for CCS in Mexico because
CO2 for EOR provides a positive immediate economic
benefit, as well as helping to mitigate long-term
environmental impacts.
Conclusions