1. A is for Alphabet Books Traditional and Postmodern

2. Discussion question : What are alphabet books for ?

4. Alphabet books transmit cultural values. This illustration from Mary Azarian’s A Farmer’s Alphabet uses woodcuts, a nostalgic way to produce graphic art, to reinforce the nostalgia of the picture itself.

5. Discussion question: What cultural values do your books seem to communicate?

6. What do we mean by a philosophy of language? Does language tell and describe reality and the world? Or does it create and change that reality? Can thought exist independently of language?

8. J.L.Austin, in How to Do Things with Words , at first suggested that constatives and performatives were opposites. But later, he began to think of them as an historical continuum.

9. Traditional alphabet books offer no challenge to the words-to-world direction of fit. The world is objectively there, and we just need to find words to name the things we discover. For instance, look at these two images from John Burningham’s ABC. No surprises here.

11. Postmodern Beginnings Postmodern alphabet books seek to disturb a ready relationship between words and the world. P ostmodern books seek to show the materiality of language in the world. This means that instead of a being simply a pointer to something beyond itself, or an transparent medium through which we learn about other things, language itself is a presence in the world and must be thought of as an actual part of the thing it describes .

13. After invoking the help of all of the letters of the alphabet to no avail, the Cat finally releases a sound beyond the alphabet to achieve the effect he needs.

15. Since language can be said to do all those things, and have all those effects, we call it material--that is, it has its own density and presence in the world .

17. Others emphasize language’s performativity, and vulnerability: Chris Van Allsburg, The Z Was Zapped

18. Other author/illustrators are more inventive, and pose a greater challenge to traditional views of language’s relationship to the world. Mitsumasa Anno, for instance, in Anno’s Alphabet: An Adventure in Imagination, presents language itself as material puzzle, or impossibility .

20. A technique that shows that language is in fact a part of what it describes can be found in Mary Beth Owen’s A Caribou Alphabet. This technique also de-emphasizes the nature/culture dichotomy .

21. In Suse MacDonald’s Alphabatics, the letters materialize into things in the world:

22. Language, freed of its primary function of referring to things outside itself, is thought of as self-referential.

24. Get into groups and look at your alphabet books. How does your book present the relationship between words and the world? Would you characterize it as modern or postmodern?