The document discusses the impacts of economic recessions and downturns on population health. It summarizes several studies that found: 1) In rich countries, mortality tends to increase during economic upswings and downturns. 2) In poor countries, recessions are often associated with increased child mortality rates and worse adult health outcomes. Studies found this in countries like Peru, Thailand, Indonesia, and Russia. 3) The document calls for rethinking economic systems to better support global health and manage without constant economic growth.