GEORGE ZIMMERMAN (Insurance Underwriter) - Shooter In Trayvon Martin Matter

Shooting of Trayvon Martin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 37

Coordinates: 28.79295°N 81.32965°W
Shooting of Trayvon Martin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The fatal shooting of Trayvon
Martin by George Zimmerman took
Shooting of Trayvon Martin
place on February 26, 2012, in
p y Date February 26, 2012
Sanford, Florida, United States.
Trayvon Martin was a 17-year-old
y y Time 7:09 pm EST (start)
African American male who was not Location The Retreat at Twin Lakes
carrying a weapon.[2] George
y g p [2] g in Sanford, Florida, U.S.
Zimmerman was a 28-year-old multi-
y
(See aerial views
racial Hispanic American,[3][Note 1]
p [3][Note

who was the community watch
y (http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/04/02/us/the
coordinator for the g
gated community -events-leading-to-the-shooting-of-trayvon-
where the shooting took place. martin.html) of points of interest.)
[5][6][7][8][9]
Coordinates 28.79295°N 81.32965°W
While on a private errand, Participants George Zimmerman (shooter)
Zimmerman saw Martin walking
inside the gated community where Death(s) Trayvon Martin
Martin was visiting his father and his
Charges Second-degree murder[1]
father's fiancée. Zimmerman called
the Sanford Police Department to
report Martin's behavior as suspicious.[10] Shortly afterwards, there was an altercation, which ended with
Zimmerman fatally shooting Martin once in the chest at close range.[11][12][13][14][15]

When police arrived on the scene, Zimmerman told them that Martin had attacked him, and that he had
shot Martin in self-defense.[2][16] Zimmerman was bleeding from the nose and mouth; and had two
self-ddefense.[2][16]
vertical lacerations on the back of his head.[17][18] EMTs treated Zimmerman at the scene, after which he
was taken to the Sanford Police Department. Zimmerman was detained and questioned for
approximately two hours,[18] during which time he taped a video statement, and then he was released
without being charged.[17] Police said that they had not found evidence to contradict his assertion of self-
defense.[19][20][21][22]

The circumstances of Martin's death, the initial decision not to charge Zimmerman, and questions about
Florida's Stand Your Ground law received national and international attention. Allegations of racist
motivation for the shooting and police conduct contributed to public demands for Zimmerman's arrest.
[23][24][25]
A Special Prosecutor was appointed to take over the investigation and on April 11, 2012, she
g
chose to file charges of murder in the second degree against Zimmerman.[26][27] Zimmerman then turned
himself in and was placed in custody.[28][29] On April 20, the judge approved Zimmerman's bail on a
$150,000 bond.[30] He was released from jail on April 23 and is required to wear an electronic
[30]

monitoring device until trial.

Contents
Ŷ 1 People involved in the case

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Trayvon_Martin 5/17/2012


Ŷ 1.1 Trayvon Martin
Ŷ 1.2 George Zimmerman
Ŷ 1.3 Zimmerman's role in the neighborhood watch
Ŷ 1.4 Police
Ŷ 1.5 State Attorneys
Ŷ 1.6 George Zimmerman's attorneys
Ŷ 1.7 Martin family attorney
Ŷ 2 Shooting
Ŷ 2.1 Zimmerman's February 2012 cell phone calls to police
Ŷ 2.2 Martin cell phone call from girlfriend
Ŷ 3 Sanford Police arrival and initial investigation
Ŷ 3.1 Witness accounts
Ŷ 3.2 Sanford police station
Ŷ 3.3 George Zimmerman's account of events
Ŷ 3.4 Phone recordings
Ŷ 4 Ongoing investigation
Ŷ 4.1 Medical records and autopsy
Ŷ 4.2 Federal investigation
Ŷ 5 Court proceedings
Ŷ 5.1 Charges
Ŷ 5.2 Pre-trial
Ŷ 5.3 Prosecution's account of events
Ŷ 6 Public response
Ŷ 7 Alleged race issues
Ŷ 7.1 Allegations against Zimmerman
Ŷ 7.1.1 Defense of Zimmerman's character
Ŷ 7.2 Allegations against the Sanford police
Ŷ 8 "Stand your ground" laws
Ŷ 9 Media coverage
Ŷ 9.1 Aspects of coverage
Ŷ 9.1.1 Deceptive photos of Martin and Zimmerman
Ŷ 9.1.2 Reporting on Zimmerman call to dispatcher
Ŷ 9.1.3 Surveillance video
Ŷ 9.1.4 Allegations against NBC
Ŷ 9.1.4.1 Misleading edit
Ŷ 10 Timeline of events
Ŷ 11 Notes
Ŷ 12 References
Ŷ 13 External links

People involved in the case
Trayvon Martin

Trayvon ( WUHǰɇYǚɏQ WUD9$:1) Benjamin Martin (February 5, 1995 – February 26, 2012) was the
son of Sybrina Fulton and Tracy Martin, who were divorced in 1999.[31] According to the Sanford police
incident report of Trayvon Martin's death, he was 6'0 tall and weighed 160 pounds; however, his family
said he was actually 6-foot-3 and weighed at most 150 pounds.[32] He was a high school junior in the



Miami, Florida, area and had recently turned 17.[33][34] Martin lived with
his mother and older brother in Miami Gardens, Florida. On the day he
was shot, he was visiting his father and his father's fiancée at her
townhome in The Retreat at Twin Lakes in Sanford, Florida.[35]

George Zimmerman

George Michael Zimmerman[36] was born on October 5, 1983, in
Manassas, Virginia,[37] and is the son of Robert Zimmerman, Sr., a
retired Virginia magistrate,[38] and Peruvian-born Gladys (née Mesa)
Zimmerman.[5][8] He grew up in what his father has described as a
multiracial family (one of his maternal great-grandfathers was of Afro-
Trayvon Martin
Peruvian background),[39] and was raised in his mother's Catholic
religion (his father was Baptist).[4] Zimmerman's height is shown as 5'8
and his weight as 185 pounds on his Seminole County Sheriff's Office
Inmate Booking Information dated 4/11/2012.[40][41] Zimmerman's voter
registration record lists him as Hispanic.[42][43] In 2009, he moved with
p
his wife to The Retreat at Twin Lakes in Sanford, Florida, a multi-ethnic
[44]
gated community, where the shooting occurred.[45][46] He was
[45][46]

employed as an insurance underwriter p
p y prior to the shooting[47] and was in
g[47]
his final semester at Seminole State College for an Associates degree in
Criminal Justice. [48] His goal was to become a police officer.[49]

Zimmerman's role in the neighborhood watch
As the only person to volunteer when the homeowners association
person
George Zimmerman
wanted to organize a community watch,[50] Zimmerman was appointed
g y [50]

coordinator by his neighbors, according to Wendy Dorival,
Neighborhood Watch organizer for the Sanford Police Department.[51] The homeowner's association told
[5

residents who saw suspicious activity to call Zimmerman if they could not contact the police.[52] He
[Zimmerman] once caught a thief and an arrest was made, said Cynthia Wibker, secretary of the
homeowners association.[50]

Police had been called to The Retreat at Twin Lakes 402 times
from January 1, 2011, to February 26, 2012.[50] Zimmerman was
the caller on 12 of those calls in that time frame. Crimes
committed at The Retreat in the year prior to Martin's death
included eight burglaries, nine thefts, dozens of break-ins (at
least one with a woman and infant upstairs) and one shooting. In
September, Zimmerman was asked to head up a neighborhood
watch. [50] The City of Sanford posted a George Zimmerman
y p g
911 Call History listing 46 calls by him between 2004 and the
2012 shooting.[53][54][55][Note 2]
[
The Retreat at Twin Lakes, north
Zimmerman had been licensed to carry a firearm since entrance
November 2009, when he was urged by an officer with the
Seminole County Animal Services not to rely on pepper spray to



fend off a loose p bull that had repeatedly terrorized family members. [59] Sanford p
pit p y y ]
police chief Bill Lee
stated that neighborhood watch volunteers are not encouraged to carry a gun but have a Constitutional
right to do so.[50] Lee further stated, Mr. Zimmerman was not acting outside the legal boundaries of
[

Florida Statute by carrying his weapon when this incident occurred.[60]

Sanford Police volunteer program coordinator Wendy Dorival, told the Miami Herald that she met
Zimmerman in September, 2011 at a community neighborhood watch p
p y g presentation. Dorival stated that
she gave a warning to participants at the presentation: “I said, ‘If it’s someone you don’t recognize, call
us. We’ll figure it out,’ ” Dorival said. “‘Observe from a safe location.’ [50]

Police
According to ABC News and other media organizations, multiple sources had indicated to them that
g g p
Chris Serino, the lead investigator for the Sanford Police on the night of the shooting, stated in a
d g
February 26, 2012 affidavit that he was unconvinced by Zimmerman's version of events.[61] Based on
y d y [61]

Serino's February 26 affidavit, police sought an arrest warrant for Zimmerman, however that request was
r was
[61][62][63][20][21][22][64]
denied by the Office of the State Attorney for insufficient evidence.

On March 16, 2012, Serino told the Orlando Sentinel that his investigation had turned up no reliable
evidence that cast doubt on Zimmerman's account, that he had acted in self-defense. The best evidence
we have is the testimony of George Zimmerman, and he says the decedent was the primary aggressor in
the whole event, everything I have is adding up to what he says.[63]

When special prosecutor Angela Corey was asked by the Miami Herald to confirm that the Sanford
Police had initially recommended a manslaughter charge, she stated, I don't know about that, but as far
as the process, I can tell you that the police went to the state attorney with a capias request, meaning;
y p q g
We're through with our investigation and here it is for y
g g you. A capias is a request for charges to be filed.
p q g
A source in the Seminole County State Attorney's office told the Miami Herald, We get capias warrants
y y f g p
all the time. That doesn't mean we file charges right away. We investigate to see if it's appropriate.
That's the responsible thing to do.[65]
[

Bill Lee, Chief of Police at the time of the shooting, received criticism for his role in the case. The
Sanford city commission, including the Mayor, passed a motion of no confidence in regards to Chief
Lee, and his handling of the case.[66] On March 22, 2012, Lee announced that he had temporarily
stepped down from his position as chief of police, stating my involvement in this matter is
overshadowing the process.[67] On April 23, 2012, the city of Sanford announced that Police Chief Bill
Lee would resign but city commissioners voted to reject the resignation. Some commissioners had
concerns about the fairness of Lee losing his job and the mayor stated he preferred to wait for the results
of an investigation into Lee and his department. Lee was to remain on paid leave.[68]

State Attorneys

Norm Wolfinger was the State Attorney initially responsible for the case.[69] He is responsible for
[6

prosecutions in Brevard and Seminole counties, where the shooting occurred.[70]



On March 22, 2012, Florida Governor Rick Scott announced that he was
appointing Angela Corey to be Special Prosecutor and that she would be
p
investigating the case instead of Wolfinger.[71] She is the State attorney for
[71]

Duval, Clay and Nassau counties.[72] After several weeks of investigation,
y [72]
g
Corey announced on April 11, 2012, that Zimmerman had been charged with
p
second-degree murder.[26][73]
[26][7
[

George Zimmerman's attorneys
Craig Sonner and Hal Uhrig were the first lawyers to represent George State Attorney Angela
Zimmerman.[74][75] On April 10, 2012, they announced at a news conference
p y Corey
that they were withdrawing from the case as Zimmerman was no longer
returning their calls and had been acting against their advice.[76] According to
g g
Harvard Law Professor Alan Dershowitz, Sonner and Uhrig should not have disclosed those details and
g
other information about Zimmerman after they had stopped representing him, because of considerations
of lawyer client privileged information.[77]

On April 11, 2012, it was announced that Zimmerman was represented by a new attorney, Mark M.
O'Mara,[28] who is board certified as a criminal trial specialist.[78] O'Mara pointed out that a small
number of murder cases actually go to trial, with many cases resulting in a plea bargain. We're not
taking any possibilities off the table how this case gets resolved. I haven't seen the first sheet of evidence
yet so it's very premature, he said. O'Mara described the intensely debated encounter between Martin
and Zimmerman as resulting in a deceased child and also said, Obviously it was a horrible
interception of two young men's lives and it ended in tragedy.[79] George Zimmerman's defense team
has set up a Twitter account, a Facebook page and a Website with a defense fund registered with the
Florida Division of Consumer Services. O'Mara stated on the website that Using social media in a high-
profile lawsuit is new, and relatively unprecedented, but that is only because social media itself is
relatively new. We feel it would be irresponsible to ignore the robust online conversation, and we feel
equally as strong about establishing a professional, responsible, and ethical approach to new
media. [80][81][82]

Martin family attorney
Benjamin Crump, the lawyer representing the interests of the Martin family, operates a law firm in
Tallahassee, Florida, with his partner Daryl Parks. The firm has eight lawyers who focus on wrongful
death, malpractice, personal injury and civil rights.[83][84] In 2006, Crump sued to have the video released
in the Martin Anderson case.[83][85][86]

Shooting
Martin was staying with his father at the home of his father's fiancée.[35] On his return from a
convenience store,[87][88] he was observed by Zimmerman,[89] who was driving in his vehicle on a
personal errand.[90] At the end of their interaction, Martin was shot 70 yards (64 meters) from the rear
door of the fiancée's townhouse.[91][Note 3]

Zimmerman's February 2012 cell phone calls to police



On February 2, 2012, Zimmerman placed a cell phone call to the Sanford Police Department to report a
young man peering into the windows of a Twin Lakes home. Zimmerman held back, waiting for the
police to arrive, however by the time they showed up the young man had escaped. On February 6, 2012,
workers witnessed two young black men lingering in the yard of Twin Lakes resident Tatiana Demeacis
around the same time her home was burglarized. The next day police discovered Demeacis' stolen laptop
in the backpack of a young black man, Emmanuel Burgess, which led to his arrest. Zimmerman
identified Burgess as the same young man he had spotted peering into windows on February 2.[93]

At approximately 7:09 pm, February 26, 2012, Zimmerman again used his cell phone to call the non-
emergency number of the Sanford Police Department[94] to report what he considered suspicious
behavior by Martin. We've had some break-ins in my neighborhood, and there's a real suspicious
guy.[95] He described Martin as just walking around looking about in the rain.[96] The police
dispatcher tape recorded him saying, This guy looks like he is up to no good or he is on drugs or
something. He further stated that the person he was observing had his hand in his waistband, was
holding something in his other hand, and was walking around slowly in the rain looking at all the
houses.[97] On the recording of the call, Zimmerman is heard commenting these assholes, they always
get away.[98][99][100]

At 2:07 minutes into the police call Zimmerman says he's running.. At 2:37 into the call Zimmerman
tells the dispatcher, he ran. When Zimmerman reported that Martin had started running the dispatcher
asked him if he was following and he affirmed that he was. The dispatcher said, We don't need you to
do that.[101] Zimmerman said OK. Zimmerman said he couldn't tell the dispatcher the address of his
current location, but tells him the numbers of his street address and then at 3:35 adds Oh crap, I don't
want to give it all out. I don't know where this kid is. Asked if he wanted to meet with the officer
Zimmerman at first agreed to the dispatcher's suggestion that he meet the police by the mailboxes,[Note 3,
4th picture]
then asked, Actually, could you have him call me, and I'll tell him where I'm at?, to which the
dispatcher replied, no problem.[102] Zimmerman appears to hang up at the 4:05 mark. The recording
ends at 4:11.

Martin cell phone call from girlfriend
Around the time of the incident, Martin was talking on his cellphone to his girlfriend, according to
Attorney Benjamin Crump and confirmed by phone company records.[104] She called at 7:12 pm[105] She
was interviewed by Crump who made a statement for her, as her parents requested her anonymity.

According to Crump's statement, Martin's girlfriend said that he expressed concern about a strange man
g p g d p g
following him, and she advised him to run. She says she heard Martin say What are y following me
g y y you g
for? followed by a man's voice responding What are you doing here? She said that she heard the
y p g y g
sound of pushing and that Martin's headset suddenly went silent, leading her to believe that he had been
pushed. She attempted to call him back immediately, but was unable to reach him.[106]

Sanford Police arrival and initial investigation
Timothy Smith, the first officer to arrive at the scene, reported finding Zimmerman standing near
Martin, who was lying face down in the grass and unresponsive.[14][107] At that time, Zimmerman stated
y g g p ]

to Smith that he had shot Martin and was still armed. Smith handcuffed Zimmerman and removed his
weapon from him. Smith observed that Zimmerman's back was wet and covered with grass and he was
bleeding from the nose and the back of his head.[14][108]



Ricardo Ayala, the second officer to arrive that night, noticed Officer Smith had Zimmerman in custody,
y g
then observed Martin lying face down in the g
y g grass and attempted to g a response from him. At this
p get p
time, Sgt. Anthony Raimondo arrived and together with Ayala began CPR. Paramedics from Sanford
Fire and Rescue arrived and continued CPR, finally declaring him dead at 7:30 pm[14][

Other officers who had arrived by this time secured the crime scene and made contact with neighbors in
y d g
the area and obtained statements from witnesses at the scene. Zimmerman was treated and released by
paramedics while still at the scene of the incident.[14][108] After p
p [1
placing Zimmerman in his police vehicle,
g p
Officer Smith heard Zimmerman say, I was yelling for someone to help me, but no one would help
f
me.[14][109] Zimmerman was then transported to the Sanford Police Department where he was
[14][109]

questioned by investigators.[14]
[1

Martin's body was taken to the morgue where he was tagged as a John Doe as he was not carrying any
identification.[22] Martin's father, Tracy Martin, called to file a Missing Persons report early on February
27 and police officers arrived at his fiancée's condo with photographs of his dead son before 8 am.[22]

Witness accounts
A witness to the confrontation just prior to the shooting stated that Martin was on top of Zimmerman
and punching him, while Zimmerman was yelling for help. This witness, who identified himself as
John, stated that the guy on the bottom, who had a red sweater on, was yelling to me, 'Help! Help!'
and I told him to stop, and I was calling 911.[110] He went on to say that when he got upstairs and
looked down, the guy who was on the top beating up the other guy, was the one laying in the grass, and
I believe he was dead at that point..[110][111]

A 13-year-old boy walking his dog saw a man on the ground shortly before the shooting and identified
him as wearing red.[112][113][114] His mother later disputed the testimony and claimed that the police
g ]
p y p
pressured him into choosing what color the man was wearing, and that her son could not see any details
p g g y
in the dark. She also stated that the police waited five days before requesting to even question her son
d son
[115][64]
and said the lead homicide investigator told her he did not believe the shooting was self defense.

Mary Cutcher and her roommate, Selma Mora Lamilla, appeared on AC 360 and Cutcher stated that she
y pp
believes there was no punching, no hitting going on at the time, no wrestling just prior to the shooting,
but admitted that she neither saw the shooting nor the preceding altercation.[116][117][118] Cutcher and her
g p g altercation
roommate heard the pair in their backyard and a very young voice whining, with no sounds of a fight.
p y yy g g
They heard a gunshot; the crying stopped immediately, and they saw Zimmerman on his knees
y g
straddling Martin on the ground.[116][118] Mary Cutcher phoned police after the fatal shooting and said
[1

the black man was standing over another man, although Trayvon Martin was already dead.[119]
According to the Orlando Sentinel article, Police spokesman Sgt. Dave Morgenstern [on March 15]
issued a statement disputing Cutcher's version of events, calling her statements to WFTV inconsistent
with her sworn testimony to police.[120] However, Cutcher and her roommate maintain that their
y p
account of the incident to the police did not agree with Zimmerman's, and they demanded the police
retract that incorrect statement.[117]
[

On March 29, 2012, an eyewitness referred to as a male said that he saw two men on the g
, ground
scuffling, then heard the shooting, and saw Zimmerman walk away with no blood on him.[121][122] The
witness later appeared on CNN AC360 referred to as a female, giving more details on her account. She



p
pointed out that she heard an argument between a y
g younger and an older voice. The whole time she
g
witnessed the incident the scuffling happened on the grass. She said that the larger man, who walked
g
away after the gunshot, was on top, and that it was too dark to see blood on his face.[123]

A witness who arrived shortly after the shooting revealed p
y g photos he took that night that showed blood
g d
trickling down the back of Zimmerman's head from two cuts. It also shows a possible contusion forming
g p
on the crown of his head. In revealing the p
g photo to ABC News in mid-April, he noted he heard but
p
didn't see the scuffle, but was one of the first to arrive, and was the first to talk to Zimmerman after the
shooting.[18]
[1

Martin's mother says the shouting for help heard on some of the 9-1-1 calls is her son's voice.[124]
Zimmerman's father, along with other relatives, have reviewed the 9-1-1 calls and identified the person
screaming for help as Zimmerman.[125] Martin's mother's perspective is relied upon in Corey's Affidavit
of Probable Cause for second degree murder. The Zimmerman family perspective is not mentioned.[126]

Sanford police station
After arriving at the police station, Zimmerman was placed in an interview room where he was
interviewed by Investigator D. Singleton.[14][127] The gun, a black Kel-Tec PF-9 9mm semi-automatic
pistol that was confiscated from Zimmerman at the scene, was placed into evidence.[15][128] Zimmerman
was not administered a drug or alcohol test.[17] Peter Bella, a retired Chicago Police forensic
[

investigator, stated in an article for the Washington Times, Except for DUIs, police cannot test suspects
for drugs or alcohol, unless the accused demands or consents to it, or they get a warrant.[129][130][131]

The lead homicide investigator on the case, Chris Serino, filed an affidavit the night of the incident
g g
saying he was unconvinced by Zimmerman's account and recommending charging Zimmerman with
y g y g g g
manslaughter, but was informed by State Attorney Wolfinger's office that there was not enough
evidence to obtain a conviction.[20] Zimmerman was eventually released without charges.[17]
[
y g
TheGrio.com reported that Wolfinger met with police leaders on the night of the shooting while
Zimmerman was still in police custody,[132] but Wolfinger denies this.[69] Instead, his spokesman said,
[132] [69]

police consulted that night with the prosecutor on call, Kelly Jo Hines.[133]

George Zimmerman's account of events
On the night of the shooting, and afterwards, Zimmerman described in detail, for the police and others,
what took place. [125][134][135][136]

Zimmerman said he was driving to the g
g grocery store when he spotted Trayvon Martin walking through
y p y
the neighborhood. Zimmerman's father said that, while his son was not on duty that night as
g y g
Neighborhood Watch captain, there had been many break-ins and he thought it suspicious that someone
g p y g p
he didn't recognize was walking behind the town homes instead of on the street or the sidewalk.
Zimmerman therefore called a non-emergency police line to report Martin's behavior and summon
police.[137][138] Zimmerman told the dispatcher that Martin was coming to check me out, then he
commented that Martin ran. [10] While still on the phone with the dispatcher, Zimmerman parked his
vehicle and followed Martin on foot.[134] Confirming that Zimmerman was following Martin, the
dispatcher said, OK, we don't need you to do that. Zimmerman replied with OK and stated that
Martin got away. [10] The call ended, and Zimmerman told investigators he was returning to his vehicle,
g
when Martin approached him from his left rear and confronted him.[134][135] According to Zimmerman's



father, Martin asked Zimmerman, Do you have a fucking problem? Zimmerman replied No, I don't
have a problem, and while Zimmerman reached for his cell phone Martin said, Well, you do now or
something similar,[125][135] then punched him in the face, knocking him down, and began beating his
head against the sidewalk.[134][135] Zimmerman said he called out for help while being beaten, and at one
point Martin covered his mouth to muffle the screams.[134][135] According to Zimmerman's father, during
p g
the struggle while Martin was on top of Zimmerman, Martin saw the gun his son was carrying and said
gg p g y g
something to the effect of “You’re gonna die now” or “You’re gonna die tonight” and continued to beat
g
Zimmerman.[125] Zimmerman and Martin struggled over the gun, and Zimmerman shot Martin once in
[125]

the chest at close range, in self-defense.[134][135][136][Note 4]
defense.[
self-d

Phone recordings
Recordings of eight calls to the police made on the night of the shooting were released by the Sanford
police on March 17, 2012.[97][139] Early press reports incorrectly indicated that the recordings included
the sound of a single shot followed by a voice pleading or begging for help, and then a second shot, after
which the voice immediately stopped. Later reports indicate that gun was fired only once.[140]
Zimmerman told police at the scene that he had cried out for help.[135] The statement was corroborated
by an eyewitness who said that Martin was on top of Zimmerman, beating him, as Zimmerman called
for help.[110] One witness, who had only heard but not seen the events, believed Martin was the one
p y
calling for help, and said that the police tried to get her to change her testimony to their assertion that it
was Zimmerman calling for help.[141]

The FBI was not able to determine whether it was Zimmerman or Martin who could be heard crying out
for help in 911 calls. [142]

Ongoing investigation
Zimmerman was originally not charged with any crime. He asserted the right of self-defense and
investigators said they could find no evidence disproving that assertion.[16][143] The State Attorney's
office and Police Chief Lee said they did not have enough evidence to arrest Zimmerman. In this case
Mr. Zimmerman has made the statement of self-defense, Lee said. Until we can establish probable
p
cause to dispute that, we don't have the grounds to arrest him. In response to criticisms of the
investigation, Lee responded that We are taking a beating over this and defended the investigation.[144]
g p g g g [144]

This is all very unsettling. I'm sure if George Zimmerman had the opportunity to relive Sunday,
y
February 26, he'd probably do things differently. I'm sure Trayvon would, too.[50]

On March 20, 2012, State attorney Norm Wolfinger announced that a Seminole County grand jury
would be convened on April 10, to investigate the death of Martin.[145][146][147] However, State attorney
p g y
Angela Corey, who was assigned to the case by Governor Rick Scott, stated that her office, not a grand
g y g y r g
j y
jury, will decide whether to press charges in the shooting death of Martin. Angela Corey stated that, I
p g g g y
always lean towards moving forward without needing the grand jury in a case like this, I foresee us
g g
being able to make a decision, and move on it on our own.[72] Florida Attorney General Pam Bondi said
g [72]
y
that the Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) is involved and no stone will be left unturned
p
in this investigation.[146]
[



Medical records and autopsy
On May 15, 2012 ABC News reported that medical records showed that, following the alleged
altercation with Martin, Zimmerman was diagnosed with a closed fracture of his nose, two black eyes,
lacerations to the back of his head, a minor back injury, and bruising in his upper lip and cheek.[148] On
j y g pp p
that same day, WFTV reported that autopsy results on Martin showed a fatal gunshot wound and broken
y p
skin on his knuckles.[149] NBC News reported that the autopsy showed Martin's injuries as a gunshot
[ ]
p py j g
wound fired from intermediate range and a small abrasion, no more than a quarter-inch in size – on his
left ring finger below the knuckle.[150]

Federal investigation
On March 20, 2012, the Justice Department announced that it was opening investigations into the
d
[151]
[151]
incident. The state g
governor, Rick Scott, has asked the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to
investigate the shooting.[152][153]

President Barack Obama, speaking to reporters on March 23 after federal investigators were deployed to
p g p g p y
Sanford, said, When I think about this boy, I think about my own kids, and I think every parent in
y y yp
America should be able to understand why it is absolutely imperative that we investigate every aspect of
this, and, If I had a son, he would look like Trayvon.[154]
[1

The FBI opened a parallel investigation into whether Martin's civil rights were violated, and interviewed
witnesses and looked into Zimmerman's background.[155]

On May 14, 2012, WFTV News reported that the FBI may consider charging Zimmerman with a federal
y p y g g
hate crime because of the allegation that he may have profiled and stalked Martin due to his race. The
g y p
second degree murder charge Zimmerman is facing could result in a life sentence; if Zimmerman were
found guilty of a federal hate crime involving murder, he could get the death penalty. [156]

Court proceedings
Zimmerman was taken into custody on April 11, 2012, after being charged with second-degree murder
in the Florida courts.[1]

Charges
On April 11, Florida State Attorney Angela Corey, the special prosecutor, announced that George
Zimmerman had been charged with second-degree murder.[157] In Florida, that charge carries a
maximum sentence of life imprisonment and a minimum sentence of 25 years. She reported that
Zimmerman had turned himself in to law enforcement and was arrested and placed in custody.[1]



Pre-trial
During an April 12 hearing, prosecutors presented an affidavit of probable cause alleging that
Zimmerman had followed and confronted Martin.[158] Judge Mark E. Herr ruled that there was probable
cause for the case to continue. Zimmerman's lawyer Mark O'Mara requested that the court documents
including witness statements and other information be sealed. The court granted the request.[159]
Zimmerman's arraignment was scheduled for May 29.[160]

Mark O'Mara, George Zimmerman's attorney asked for a new judge on April 16, 2012, saying judge
Jessica Recksiedler had a potential conflict of interest.[161][162] On April 18, 2012, Judge Recksiedler
agreed to disqualify herself from the case. She said that while the findings on each basis were legally
insufficient, the cumulative effect of the events and the totality of the circumstances provides a legally
sufficient basis for this court to grant the motion to disqualify. Judge Kenneth Lester, Jr., was appointed
by the chief judge to take over the Zimmerman case.[163]

A motion was filed April 16, 2012, in Seminole County Circuit Court that asks for records in
Zimmerman's file to be unsealed. A group of news organizations in Florida, including the Associated
Press and The Miami Herald, challenged efforts to seal records in the criminal case of Zimmerman.
Records such as full police reports, autopsy reports and transcripts of witness interviews are normally
public under Florida law. The closure order and the manner in which it was entered are contrary to
law, the news organizations said in the motion.[164][165]

A bail hearing was held on April 20 and the Judge ruled that Zimmerman could be released on a
$150,000 bond.[30]At the hearing, Zimmerman got on the witness stand and apologized to the parent's of
Martin for shooting their son.[166][167] An investigator for the prosecution, also admitted at the hearing,
that he did not know whether Martin or Zimmerman threw the first punch.[167] He said there was no
evidence to disprove Zimmerman's assertion that he was walking back to his vehicle when confronted
by Martin.[167] The investigator also stated that Zimmerman's claim of Martin slamming his head against
the sidewalk, was not consistent with the evidence they found.[167]

Zimmerman was released on bail from jail at 12:05 a.m. April 23, 2012. He was fitted with an electronic
monitoring device which can reveal his whereabouts in real time.[168]

Zimmerman's attorney, Mark O'Mara waived Zimmerman's right to appear at an arraignment on April
23, 2012, and entered a not guilty plea on his behalf. [168]

Prosecution's account of events
According to the information alleged in the affidavit of probable cause, provided by investigators
working for the State Attorney's office, and a source to the Orland Sentinel, the prosecution described
what they say took place:[169] [170] [171] [172] [173][174][175]

Martin was walking back from a nearby 7-11 store and was on his way to the townhouse where he was
temporarily living when he was profiled by Zimmerman.[171][172][174] Zimmerman was driving in his
vehicle when he observed Martin and assumed he was a criminal.[171][174] Feeling that Martin did not
belong in the gated-community where Zimmerman lived, he called the police to report Martin's behavior
as suspicious.[171][175] While on the phone with the police dispatcher, describing Martin's behavior,
p p p p g
Zimmerman had told investigators that Martin was circling his vehicle, and he rolled up his window to



avoid a confrontation.[175] The dispatcher told Zimmerman an officer was on the way and to wait for
[1

him.[171][169] In his call to the police, Zimmerman made reference to p p he felt had g
p people gotten away with
y
break-ins in the neighborhood, and while talking about Martin, stated these assholes, they always get
away and also said these fucking punks [171][173][174]
punks.

During this time, Martin was on the phone with a friend and described to her what was happening.
[171][172][173]
She said that Martin was scared because he was being followed by an unknown male and
didn't know why.[171][173] Martin attempted to run home, while Zimmerman exited his vehicle and started
to follow Martin.[173][170] When the dispatcher realized Zimmerman was p
]
p pursuing Martin, he instructed
g
Zimmerman not to do that and told him an officer would meet him. Zimmerman disregarded the
dispatcher's instruction and continued to follow Martin.[171][172] Investigators stated that Zimmerman
[171][172]

then confronted Martin and a struggle ensued.[171][172][170]

Witnesses heard people arguing and what sounded like a struggle and heard calls for help which were
police.[171][174] Martin's mother reviewed the 9-1-1 calls and identified the
recorded in the 9-1-1 calls to p
voice crying for help as her son's.[171][174][124] When police arrived at the scene, Zimmerman admitted to
[171][174][124]
[171]
[171]
shooting Martin in the chest. An assistant medical examiner conducted an autopsy and determined
that Martin had died from the gunshot.[171][174][Note 5]

Public response
Over 2.2 million signatures were collected on a Change.org
petition, created by Martin's mother, calling for Zimmerman's
arrest.[177] It was the website's largest petition ever.[178]

Since Martin was killed while wearing a hoodie, donning a
hoodie was seen as a sign of protest, and many cities across the
U.S. staged Million Hoodie Marches or hundred hoodie
marches. Additionally, some professional athletes, including
Carmelo Anthony and the entire Miami Heat roster, tweeted
photos of themselves wearing hoodies. Fox News Channel host
Geraldo Rivera claimed that Martin's gangsta style clothing
was as much responsible for Trayvon Martin’s death as George
Zimmerman was. Faced with outrage over his statement, Rivera
later apologized, saying that he had obscured the main point that
someone shot and killed an unarmed teenager.[179]

Additionally, bags of Skittles candy and cans of Arizona Iced
Tea were used as protest symbols. Martin was returning from a 7 An undated family photo[citation needed]
-Eleven convenience store with these items when he was shot. of Trayvon Martin wearing a hoodie
[87][88][180] was displayed by protesters and sold
by merchants on hoodies, T-shirts and
Walkouts were staged by students at over a dozen Florida high keychains, prompting the family to
schools.[181] trademark slogans using his name.
[176]



Thousands of people attended rallies around the country to
demand Zimmerman's arrest,[23] including a gathering on March
22 in Union Square of civil rights leaders including Al Sharpton,
Martin Luther King III, Dick Gregory, and others.[24] Members
of the Occupy movement marched in solidarity during the
Million Hoodie March.[182][183]

Speaking on the day of the Zimmerman arrest, Al Sharpton said:
45 days ago, Travon Martin was murdered. No arrest was made.
The Chief of Police in Sanford announced after his review of the Supporters of Trayvon Martin rally in
evidence there would be no arrest. An outcry from all over this Union Square during a Million
country came.[184] Hoodie March in Manhattan on
March 21.
A number of high-profile citizens have made public comments or
released statements calling for a full investigation, including
President Barack Obama,[154] Reverend Al Sharpton,[154][185] and Reverend Jesse Jackson.[186]

According to Zimmerman's father, George Zimmerman received death threats and was forced to move
out of his home in the wake of the controversy.[6] The New Black Panther Party offered a $10,000
reward for the capture of George Zimmerman;[187][188] this was condemned by the city of Sanford.[187]

In parts of the US, various acts of vandalism, assaults, and crimes have been connected in part to alleged
revenge for the shooting of Trayvon Martin.[189][190][191][192][193]

Film director Spike Lee retweeted to his 200,000 Twitter followers an erroneous Sanford, Florida
address, purported to be Zimmerman's, which forced a family out of their home to avoid harassment
after they received hate mail and unwanted visits from reporters.[194][195][196] Lee was criticized for his
retweet[197] and he later issued an apology.[198]

Referring to Trayvon Martin's death, Senior Fellow Shelby Steele at the Hoover Institution stated:

It has given us a generation of ambulance-chasing leaders, and the illusion that our greatest
power lies in the manipulation of white guilt. The tragedy surrounding Trayvon's death is not in
the possibility that it might have something to do with white racism; the tragedy is in the
lustfulness with which so many black leaders, in conjunction with the media, have leapt to exploit
his demise for their own power.[199]

Alan Dershowitz criticized the probable cause affidavit against Zimmerman as so thin that it won't
make it past the judge calling it irresponsible and unethical and opined that the charges were
motivated by prosecutor Corey's desire to be re-elected.[200][201]



Alleged race issues
Allegations against Zimmerman

The shooting prompted allegations that Zimmerman was motivated by racism.[2][106] Critics disparaged
what they perceived to be Zimmerman racially profiling Martin,[2][6][16][202] and a selectively edited
phone call that aired on NBC's Today show incorrectly implied that Zimmerman had volunteered the
race of Martin to police officers without being specifically asked.[203]

Defense of Zimmerman's character

In an open letter, Zimmerman's father, Robert Zimmerman, defended his son against allegations that his
actions were racially motivated, stating that Zimmerman was Hispanic, was raised in a multiracial
family, and would be the last to discriminate for any reason whatsoever, saying that the portrayal of
his son as a racist could not be further from the truth. According to his family, some of Zimmerman's
relatives are black.[5] Zimmerman's former lawyer Craig Sonner stated that Zimmerman is not a racist,
and that he had mentored black youths in the past.[204] Joe Oliver, a former television news reporter who
is acquainted with Zimmerman,[205] noted I'm a black male and all that I know is that George has never
given me any reason whatsoever to believe he has anything against people of color.[206]

An anonymous letter to the NAACP, signed A Concerned Zimmerman Family Member, said that
Zimmerman was one of the few that stepped up to take any action to protest the 2010 beating of a black
homeless man by the son of a Sanford police officer. Zimmerman reportedly distributed flyers in the
black community trying to get others to step up too, and helped organize a city hall meeting to protest
the incident.[207] Zimmerman's reported efforts on behalf of the black homeless man were confirmed by
Zimmerman's father.[208]

Allegations against the Sanford police
For not arresting Zimmerman, the Sanford police have faced heavy criticism, protests, and allegations of
racial bias.[2] The NAACP wrote U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder expressing no confidence that,
absent federal oversight, the Sanford Police Department will devote the necessary degree of care to its
investigation and requesting that personnel be detailed to Sanford to review the case without
bias.[16][106] Lee repeatedly defended the investigation, stating that the Sanford police did not feel they
had conducted a racially biased investigation and welcomed a review of their efforts.[141][202]

Allegations were also made that the Sanford police were protecting Zimmerman.[135] Lee told reporters
that they could not arrest Zimmerman because no evidence contradicted his story, and that to do so
would leave the police open to litigation.[202] He also said that although 9-1-1 did instruct Zimmerman
not to pursue Martin, those instructions are only recommendations that do not carry the force of law.[16]

On March 21, 2012, three out of the five members of the Sanford city commission, including the Mayor,
passed a motion of no confidence in regards to the police chief Bill Lee, and his handling of the case;
however, the vote is advisory only.[66] The following day, Lee announced that he had temporarily
stepped down from his position as chief of police, stating my involvement in this matter is
overshadowing the process. Lee further stated, I do this in the hopes of restoring some semblance of
calm to a city which has been in turmoil for several weeks.[67]



Stand your ground laws
Self-defense laws in the United States, particularly regarding justifiable homicide, vary by state. Florida
law, as of 2005, includes a stand your ground provision, under which a person, under most
circumstances, does not have to retreat before using deadly force if he reasonably believes it is necessary
to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm.[209] In almost all states, such laws protect people in their
own homes; Florida's version extends the no-retreat doctrine to vehicles and public places. In at least 17
states, including Florida, there is no duty to retreat before using force.[210][211] After the shooting, media
reports had indicated that Zimmerman would most likely use the Stand Your Ground provision in
Florida's self-defense law. According to Durell Peaden, one of the sponsors of the Florida law, the law
does not say that a person has a right to confront another. When [Zimmerman] said 'I'm following him',
he lost his defense.[212] However, the same article goes on to state, Peaden and Baxley said they didn't
know all the facts of the case, so their interpretations of what happened could change if new information
arises during the investigation.[212]

According to analysis by David Kopel, Florida's Stand Your Ground Law is legally irrelevant to [the]
case, and the case turns on whether Martin initially attacked Zimmerman, or whether the initial attack
was by Zimmerman attacking Martin. [213]

The Florida Statute excepts unlawful activity from protection by the Stand Your Ground provision: (3)
A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or
she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force
with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent
death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible
felony. [214]

On March 19, 2012, Florida authorities announced they had picked 17 people to head up a task force to
review the Florida statute that deals with justifiable use of force, including the stand your ground
provision. It was decided that the group would hear arguments and testimony from residents at public
meetings across the state and pass along recommendations to the governor and the legislature.[215]

Media coverage
For the first 10 days after Martin's death, the story was covered
by only the Florida media.[216] On March 8, 2012, CBS News,
acting on a tip it received from the network's local bureau in
Atlanta, Georgia, obtained an exclusive interview with Tracy
Martin and Sybrina Fulton that was broadcast on CBS This
Morning.[216][217] Benjamin Crump, the family's attorney, who
had been retained to pursue legal action and to persuade the news
media to cover the case, arranged for the interview to take place.
[216]

Also on March 8, The Huffington Post, The Young Turks, and
TheGrio.com, which is affiliated with NBC News, started to
cover the case.[216][218][219][220] On March 9, 2012, ABC World
News featured the story on their nightly broadcast.[221] CNN first
reported on the case on March 12, 2012, and by the end of that



Trayvon's father Tracy Martin, family week, radio hosts and bloggers were also reporting on the story.
[216][222]
attorney Benjamin Crump and mother National coverage started to increase the week of March
Sybrina Fulton, at the 'Million 12 and intensified after March 16, when tapes of 9-1-1 calls were
Hoodies' protest in Union Square, released to the public.[216][223] Having the 9-1-1 calls, which the
New York police had previously declined to release, gave radio and TV
reporters more material to report on.[216][223] An editorial by the
president of IFC described how Martin became a missing white
girl (a cause célèbre for modern media), saying that minorities were under-reported in American news,
and if not for several black journalists, including Trymaine Lee of The Huffington Post, Ta-Nehisi
Coates of The Atlantic, Charles M. Blow of The New York Times, and Al Sharpton of MSNBC, it is
doubtful anyone would know who Trayvon Martin is and was.[224]

The Project for Excellence in Journalism has reported that media coverage of the Trayvon Martin case
became the first story in 2012 to be featured more than the presidential race. According to the Project,
the varying types of media have focused on the case in different ways. An article in the Tampa Bay
Times wrote that, on Twitter, people are outraged at Zimmerman and want justice, while on cable news
and talk radio people are discussing the state's laws for self-defense and gun control and on blogs the
focus has been on race.[225]

Aspects of coverage

Deceptive photos of Martin and Zimmerman

The Associated Press noted that initially the most widely used media photo of Martin was several years
old and showed him as a baby-faced boy, rather than as a young man in his late teens. To represent
Zimmerman, the media chose a shot of a beefy 21 year-old Zimmerman taken seven years prior to the
shooting, whereas recent photos show him as slim-faced and more mature. The two outdated photos
chosen by the media may have helped shape the initial public perception of the shooting. The AP quoted
academic Kenny Irby on the expected effect, When you have such a lopsided visual comparison, it just
stands to reason that people would rush to judgment, and another academic, Betsi Grabe, as saying that
journalists will present stories as a struggle between good and evil [i]f the ingredients are there.[226]

Reporting on Zimmerman call to dispatcher

Economist and commentator Thomas Sowell criticized the national media for implying that Zimmerman
had continued to follow Martin after the police dispatcher said We don't need you to do that. He said
that they mostly left out Zimmerman's answer, O.K. because too many people in the media see their
role as filtering and slanting the news.[227]

After the audio of the call was released, CNN[228] and other reports alleged Zimmerman had exclaimed
fucking coons, two minutes and twenty-one seconds (2:21) into the call. Two weeks later on April 4,
2012, CNN claimed that enhanced audio revealed the word to be cold.[229] The following day, April 5,
2012, CNN's Martin Savidge reported that forensic audio expert Tom Owen claimed it was punks.[230]
It is said to be punks in the affidavit of probable cause, dated April 11, 2012.[158] Other reviewers of
the call have offered alternate interpretations of what was said, including unintelligible. According to
the Associated Press, the alleged racial slur fed growing outrage over the police department's initial
decision not to arrest Zimmerman.[231][232][103][233]



Surveillance video

ABC News obtained a surveillance video of Zimmerman
walking unassisted into the Sanford police station after the
shooting. An officer is seen pausing to look at the back of
Zimmerman's head, but ABC originally said that no abrasions or
blood can be seen in the video.[234] The Daily Caller disputed this
claim, and posted a still from the ABC video which it said shows Image enhancement of a single frame
[235] of the police surveillance video (left)
what may be an injury on the back of Zimmerman's head.
MSNBC reported, We were able to zoom into the back of his by the Daily Caller (middle) and by
[236]
head and there is some sort of abrasion... Zimmerman's Forensic Protection, Inc. working
brother, Robert Zimmerman Jr., told CNN that medical records with ABC News (right) has made two
will prove that his brother was attacked and that his nose was welts or abrasions visible. ABC
[237]
broken by Martin. Jorge Rodríguez, Zimmerman's next-door originally said the video showed no
neighbor, told Reuters that when he saw Zimmerman the day blood or bruises.[234]
after the incident, he had two big, butterfly bandages on the
back of his head, and another big bandage ... on the bridge of his
nose. Rodríguez's wife Audria also said she saw the bandages and a third neighbor, who spoke only on
condition of anonymity, agreed with the Rodríguez couple's account. I saw two bandages on the back
of his head, and his nose was all swollen up, said the witness, who had watched from a nearby second-
floor window.[238] ABC later reported that it had re-digitized the video, and that this version showed
what appear to be a pair of gashes or welts on George Zimmerman's head.[239][240] At Zimmerman's
bail hearing his attorney, O'Mara, said that he would give the prosecution medical records demonstrating
that his client had sustained a fractured or broken nose.[241]

Allegations against NBC

Fox News newsmagazine host Geraldo Rivera, a former NBC employee, asserted that NBC made an
ideological decision that... they would argue strenuously for the prosecution of George Zimmerman and
the ultimate conviction of George Zimmerman... [T]hey are cheerleading for the conviction of George
Zimmerman.[242]

Misleading edit

Both NBC's Today show and NBC's network-owned Miami affiliate WTVJ NBC6 ran segments which
misleadingly merged parts of Zimmerman's call. On the recording played by NBC, Zimmerman was
heard saying, This guy looks like he's up to no good. He looks black. In the original 9-1-1 recording,
Zimmerman said: This guy looks like he's up to no good. Or he's on drugs or something. It's raining and
he's just walking around, looking about. The 9-1-1 operator then asked: OK, and this guy, is he black,
white or Hispanic?, and Zimmerman answered, He looks black.[203]

The Washington Post wrote that NBC's alterations would more readily paint Zimmerman as a racial
profiler. In reality... Zimmerman simply answered a question... Nothing prejudicial at all in responding
to such an inquiry... To portray that exchange in a way that wrongs Zimmerman is high editorial
malpractice...[203]



NBC apologized for an error made in the production process that we deeply regret.[243] The network
said that the Today show and Miami edits took place in two separate incidents involving different
people. Jeff Burnside, a producer involved in editing the NBC6 audio was fired, and two other
employees were disciplined.[244][245]

Timeline of events
Ŷ February 26, 2012
Ŷ 7:09 pm – Zimmerman's call to Sanford police begins[94]
Ŷ 7:12 pm – Trayvon's girlfriend calls him[246]
Ŷ 7:13 pm – Zimmerman's call to Sanford police ends[246]
Ŷ 7:16 pm – Trayvon call to girlfriend goes dead;[246] 9-1-1 calls from the neighors begin
Ŷ 7:17 pm – First officer arrives on scene[14]
Ŷ 7:30 pm – Martin pronounced dead at the scene by paramedic[14]
Ŷ 7:52 pm – Zimmerman's arrival at police station recorded on video
Ŷ Roughly 10:00 pm – Zimmerman released (duration described as about two hours)
Ŷ February 27
Ŷ 3:07 am – Timestamp on Sanford Police Department (SPD) Initial Report
Ŷ Martin reported missing by father
Ŷ SPD informs father of Trayvon's death before 8 am
Ŷ SPD publicly identifies Zimmerman and Martin
Ŷ March 1
Ŷ Police Chief Bill Lee attends emergency Homeowner's Association meeting to discuss
shooting
Ŷ March 8
Ŷ Trayvon's father holds press conference criticizing SPD investigation
Ŷ March 12
Ŷ Chief Lee comments: there is no evidence to dispute Zimmerman's assertion that he shot
Martin out of self-defense
Ŷ March 13
Ŷ SPD announces case turned over to State Attorney Norm Wolfinger.[247]
Ŷ NAACP letter to U.S. Department of Justice[248]
Ŷ March 16
Ŷ The New York Times publishes opinion piece The Curious Case of Trayvon Martin[249]
Ŷ Audio of eight calls to 9-1-1 released
Ŷ March 20
Ŷ U.S. Department of Justice announces investigation
Ŷ March 22
Ŷ Bill Lee temporarily steps aside as Chief of Police
Ŷ State attorney Norman Wolfinger recuses himself from the case and Florida Gov. Rick Scott
appoints Angela B. Corey, the state attorney for the Jacksonville area, to take over the case
Ŷ March 23
Ŷ A lawyer for Zimmerman, Craig Sonner, announces that his client acted in self-defense
Ŷ March 29
Ŷ Special prosecutor Angela B. Corey announces that she will not comment on the Trayvon
Martin case until further notice
Ŷ April 5
Ŷ Florida State Sen. Chris Smith convenes task force to examine possible changes to the
state's self-defense laws



Ŷ April 9
Ŷ Special prosecutor Corey decides against a grand jury for the case, eliminating the
possibility of a first-degree murder charge
Ŷ April 10
Ŷ State Attorney Angela Corey says she'll announce charges within 72 hours
Ŷ April 11
Ŷ State Attorney Angela Corey announces that George Zimmerman is charged with 2nd
degree murder
Ŷ George Zimmerman turns himself in to the police and is taken into custody shortly after
Corey's announcement[29]
Ŷ April 23
Ŷ George Zimmerman is released on bail at 12:05 a.m.[168][250]

Notes
1. ^ Zimmerman’s father is white and his mother is a Hispanic from Peru. George Zimmerman’s ancestry
includes an Afro-Peruvian great-grandfather.[4]
2. ^ The 46 calls from Zimmerman were erroneously reported by numerous media sources, including the
Orlando Sentinel[56] and The Miami Herald,[57] as occurring between January 2011 and February 2012. The
media sources blamed a typo on the first page of the 48-page police report for their error.[50][58]
3. ^ See The Events Leading to the Shooting of Trayvon Martin
(http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/04/02/us/the-events-leading-to-the-shooting-of-trayvon-
martin.html) for seven aerial view depictions of various locations related to the case which include: The
Retreat at Twin Lakes (1,3,4,5,6,7); home where Trayvon was staying (1,5,6); site of shooting where police
found Trayvon's body (1,7); Zimmerman's home (1,3,5); 7-Eleven convenience store (1,2); main entrance, on
the north side (3,4,5); pedestrian entrance (3); unfenced area used by residents as shortcut entrance (3);
clubhouse (3,4,5); mailboxes (4); back entrance, on the east side (5); cut throughs (indicated by arrows) (6);
shared backyard (6).[92]
4. ^ Some referenced information is from the embedded video of Robert Zimmerman's interview,[125]
5. ^ Please see previous section, Pre-trial, for 20 April bond hearing testimony by an investigator for the
prosecution

References
1. ^ a b c Zimmerman charged with second-degree murder (http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/11/prosecutor-
to-announce-decision-on-zimmerman/) . CNN. April 11, 2012.
http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/11/prosecutor-to-announce-decision-on-zimmerman/. Retrieved April 11,
2012.
2. ^ a b c d e Prieto, Bianca (March 14, 2012). Trayvon Martin: 'We are gathered here today to demand justice'
in teen's fatal shooting (http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-03-14/news/os-trayvon-martin-shooting-
death-rally-20120314_1_demand-justice-fatal-shooting-bryant) . Orlando Sentinel.
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-03-14/news/os-trayvon-martin-shooting-death-rally-
20120314_1_demand-justice-fatal-shooting-bryant. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
3. ^ Hamacher, Brian. George Zimmerman Makes First Appearance Before
Judge (http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/George-Zimmerman-to-Make-First-Appearance-Before-Judge-
Thursday-147134515.html) . NBC Miami. http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/George-Zimmerman-to-Make-
First-Appearance-Before-Judge-Thursday-147134515.html. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
4. ^ a b George Zimmerman: Prelude to a shooting (http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/25/us-usa-florida-
shooting-zimmerman-idUSBRE83O18H20120425)



5. ^ a b c Manuel Roig-Franzia,; Tom Jackman and Darryl Fears (March 22, 2012). Who is George
Zimmerman? (http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/who-is-george-
zimmerman/2012/03/22/gIQAkXdbUS_story.html) . The Washington Post.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/who-is-george-
zimmerman/2012/03/22/gIQAkXdbUS_story.html. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
6. ^ a b c Stutzman, Rene (March 15, 2012). George Zimmerman's father: My son is not racist, did not confront
Trayvon Martin (http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/os-trayvon-martin-shooting-zimmerman-letter
-20120315,0,1716605.story) . Orlando Sentinel. http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/os-trayvon-
martin-shooting-zimmerman-letter-20120315,0,1716605.story. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
7. ^ Trayvon Martin, George Zimmerman And Beyond Black And
White (http://dcentric.wamu.org/2012/03/trayvon-martin-george-zimmerman-and-beyond-black-and-
white) . DCentric. http://dcentric.wamu.org/2012/03/trayvon-martin-george-zimmerman-and-beyond-black-
and-white. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
8. ^ a b Manuel Roig-Franzia; Tom Jackman; Darryl Fears. Florida shooter George Zimmerman not easily
pigeonholed (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2017819414_zimmerman23.html) . The
Seattle Times. The Washington Post.
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2017819414_zimmerman23.html. Retrieved March 23,
2012.
9. ^ Trayvon Martin Case Salts Old Wounds And Racial
Tension (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/trayvon-martin-sanford-florida_n_1345868.html) .
The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/14/trayvon-martin-sanford-
florida_n_1345868.html. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
10. ^ a b c Transcript of George Zimmerman's Call to the
Police (http://www.motherjones.com/documents/326700-full-transcript-zimmerman) , Source: City of
Sanford, Florida, published by Mother Jones.
11. ^ The Martin Shooting (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ED6ckuxU924feature=related) . Fox News.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ED6ckuxU924feature=related. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
12. ^ Outrage Escalates Following Trayvon Martin Death (http://www.wesh.com/r/30711986/detail.html) .
WESH. March 19, 2012. http://www.wesh.com/r/30711986/detail.html. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
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15. ^ a b Gray, Madison. George Zimmermans Gun a Popular Choice for Concealed
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18. ^ a b c Photo of blood on back of Zimmerman's head
(http://a.abcnews.com/images/US/ht_george_zimmerman_head_dm_120419_ssh.jpg) from — Gutman,
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19. ^ Sanford Police Say They Lack Evidence To Arrest George
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arrest-george-zimmerman) . The Florida News Journal. March 12, 2012.
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arrest (http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-03-22/trayvon-martin-rally/53717554/1) . USA
Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-03-22/trayvon-martin-rally/53717554/1. Retrieved
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25. ^ Gutman, Matt. Neighborhood watch shooting of Trayvon Martin: Probe reveals 'questionable police
conduct' (http://abcnews.go.com/US/neighborhood-watch-shooting-trayvon-martin-probe-reveals-
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26. ^ a b State of Florida vs. George
Zimmerman (http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/04/11/zimmerman.charges.pdf) (PDF).
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2012/images/04/11/zimmerman.charges.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
27. ^ State of Florida vs. George Zimmerman: Affidavit of probable
cause (http://www.foxnews.com/us/interactive/2012/04/12/state-florida-vs-george-zimmerman-affidavit-
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28. ^ a b Zimmerman charged with second-degree murder (http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/11/prosecutor-to
-announce-decision-on-zimmerman/) . CNN. April 11, 2012.
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29. ^ a b New Booking Photo: George Zimmerman turns self
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30. ^ a b George Zimmerman's bail set at $150,000 (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501363_162-
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501363_162-57417825/george-zimmermans-bail-set-at-$150000/. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
31. ^ Burch, Audra D. S.; Laura Isensee (March 22, 2012). Trayvon Martin: a typical teen who loved video
games, looked forward to prom (http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/03/22/v-fullstory/2708960/trayvon-
martin-a-typical-teen.html) . The Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/03/22/v-
fullstory/2708960/trayvon-martin-a-typical-teen.html. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
32. ^ Robles, Frances (March 31, 2012). What is known, what isn't about Trayvon Martin's
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33. ^ Prieto, Bianca; Robert Nolin (March 17, 2012). Tensions still simmer in Trayvon Martin shooting
case (http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-03-17/news/os-trayvon-martin-shooting-tension-
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34. ^ Jonsson, Patrik (March 22, 2012). Will Trayvon Martin case spur rethinking of Stand Your Ground
laws? (http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2012/0322/Will-Trayvon-Martin-case-spur-rethinking-of-
Stand-Your-Ground-laws-video) . The Christian Science Monitor.
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Categorize : The Two-Way (http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/03/23/149206896/trayvon-martin-
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37. ^ Robles, Frances; Ovalle, David. Lawyer: Girl on phone with Trayvon Martin moments before he was
shot (http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/trayvon-martin-told-girlfriend-he-was-being-
followed/1220972) . Tampa Bay Times. http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/trayvon-martin-told-
girlfriend-he-was-being-followed/1220972. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
38. ^ Trayvon Martin case: George Zimmerman's brother defends him as his father attacks
Obama (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2122245/Trayvon-Martin-case-George-Zimmermans-
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defends-father-attacks-Obama.html. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
39. ^ Zimmerman grew up in a multiracial family (http://www.thehotjoints.com/2012/03/23/hey-media-the-
trayvon-martin-shooter-is-hispanic-has-multi-racial-family/)
40. ^ Seminole County Sheriff's Office, Zimmerman, George
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report-0412.pdf) , Inmate Booking Information, Public Version, 4/11/2012 20:10.
41. ^ Seminole County Sheriff's Office, Zimmerman, George
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hispanic-shooting.htm) . International Business Times.
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44. ^ George Zimmerman: Self-appointed watchman or racist
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george-zimmerman-job-20120323_1_robert-zimmerman-source-new-details) . Orlando Sentinel.
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usa-florida-shooting-zimmerman-idUSBRE83O18H20120425)
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habitual.html) . The Miami Herald. http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/03/17/v-fullstory/2700249/shooter-of
-trayvon-martin-a-habitual.html. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
51. ^ Trayvon Martin: Zimmerman was not following Neighborhood Watch
'rules' (http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012-03-24/news/os-trayvon-martin-neighborhood-watch-
20120321_1_zimmerman-community-ties-neighborhood-watch) . Orlando Sentinel
52. ^ Report: Zimmerman told police teen punched him before fatal
shooting (http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/26/justice/florida-teen-shooting/index.html) . CNN.
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54. ^ Vanderveen, Chris (March 26, 2012). A look at the facts in the Trayvon Martin
shooting (http://www.9news.com/news/article/259049/339/A-look-at-the-facts-in-the-Trayvon-Martin-
shooting-) . KUSA. http://www.9news.com/news/article/259049/339/A-look-at-the-facts-in-the-Trayvon-
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George Zimmerman slapped with manslaughter charges in shooting death of Trayvon
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