1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. • Carbohydrate – this word means the same
thing as sugar.
sugar
• Some examples of sugar are:
• -Glucose
• -Fructose
• -Sucrose

3. • The basic unit, or building block of sugar is
called a saccharide.
saccharide
• One molecule of saccharide has the
molecular formula of
• C6 H12 O6

4. • Saccharides can vary (ie the types of
sugar vary) by where the OH’s are and
how they are shaped.
shaped
• 1 molecule of saccharide =
• monosaccharide
• 2 molecules of saccharide =
• disaccharide
• >2 molecules of saccharide =
• polysaccharide

5. • MONOSACCHARIDES
• The most common example is glucose.
glucose
• 2 ways to write glucose’s structural
formula are:

6. • Another monosaccharide is fructose.
fructose

7. • DISACCHARIDES
• Disaccharides results when you join two
monosaccharides together
• When this happens one monosaccharide
loses an “H” and the other
monosaccharide loses an OH.OH
• OH + H = H2O (water)
• When water is lost in the making of a new
molecule, the process is called
dehydration.
dehydration
• The resulting bond is called a glycosidic
bond.

8. • POLYSACCHARIDES
• Polysaccharides are thousands of
monosaccharides hooked together.
• For example, starch is a polysaccharide
• -noodles, potatoes
• -thousands of glucose molecules hooked
together
• Organisms can get energy from polysaccharide
molecules by breaking the glycosidic bonds
that hold all the monosaccharides together.
• The bond is broken by adding H2O (OH + H)
and is called hydrolisis.

9. • Another example is cellulose.
cellulose
• This is found in plant walls and wood
(what plants have instead of bones)= cell
wall
• Humans can’t break the glycosidic
bonds of cellulose. That is why we can’t
cellulose
eat trees.
• They won’t digest in our stomachs. But
we can break the glycosidic bonds of
starch

10. • Another example is chitin.
chitin
• The hard shell on bugs (what they
have instead of bones).
•
• Humans can’t break these bonds either.