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中国河流健康与环境流量项目 :
主要成果




Robert Speed
北京, 2012 年 2 月 23 日
大纲
1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议
大纲
1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议
基本情况 :
•2009 年 9 月 – 201 2 年 3
月
•400 万澳元
•2 个主题 :
   • 河流健康
   • 环境流量
现状回顾            技术路线



       黄河流域 ( 黄河下游 )
                        政策发展;国




                                 能力发展
试点                      际回顾
        珠江 流域 ( 桂江 )
区域
       辽河流域 ( 太子河 )




评估河流健康和环境     国家层面的建议
流量需求
大纲
1. 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议
Identify assets


   Set objectives for each asset



   Develop preferred e-flow rules




                                   Outcomes and risks understood

Model e-flows and security of supply against targets




Presentation Heading
黄河下游 : 重要生态资产
                     黄河三角洲湿地




郑州黄河湿地




            开封黄河湿地



   孟津黄河湿地
黄河下游流量目标
建议的流量情势
黄河下游,河段 1 ( 低风险 )
Presentation Heading
环境流量评估方法
• 基于资产的方法
• 全面的方法
• 方法具有适应不同状况的能力
  – 数据的时间或成本约束
• 使信息被反馈到决策过程中;作为权衡的基础
环境流量政策和水资源分配
大纲
1 . 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估
   a. 珠江和辽河试点
   b . 黄河试点
   c . 水文

4. 主要发现和建议
Imp o rta nt s te p s                项目发展的重要步骤
1   Id e ntify the o b je c of the o f the   确定项目目标
    Identify the objectives tive s programp ro g ra m 确定项目目标
2   Id e n tify s u itab le m e as u re (in d ic ato of o f d rive stressors and response
    Identify suitable measures s(indicators)rs ) drivers, rs , s tre s s o rs an d
    确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
    re s p o n s e
3   确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标 drivers to potential impacts
    Develop conceptual models linking range of
3   联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型 g e o f d rive rs to p o te n tial
    D e ve lo p c o n c e p tu al m o d e ls lin kin g ran
4   im p acClassification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
    River ts
    联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
    河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
4
5   Rive r C las s ificprogram and refinement of indicatorsr typ e s ’
    Trial sampling atio n to id e n tify h o m o g e n o u s ‘rive 采样试验,完善指
    河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
    标
6   Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
5   Trial s am p lin g p ro g ram an d re fin e m e n t o f in d ic ato rs 采样试验,完善
    选取合适的生态指标的基准
    指标
7   Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
6   S e le c tio n o f s u itab le b e n c h m arks fo r e c o lo g ic al in d ic ato rs
8   选取合适的生态指标的基准
    Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
7   Re p o rtin g & C o m m u n ic / 威胁的优先顺序
    执行管理行动,明确地区atio n 报告和交流

8   Im p le m e n t m an ag e m e n t ac tio n s to ad d re s s p rio rity are as /th re ats
    执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
分类
对应于干扰梯度的评估

 大
      50




 型




                                                       80
 无
 脊
 椎                                              鱼
      40




                                                类




                                                       60
 动
 物                                              的
 的                                              个




                                                Fi_D
M_S

      30




 丰                                              体




                                                       40
 富
 度
      20




                                                       20
      10




                                                       0
           100   150   200    250   300   350               5         10                15    20



                  电导率
                         EC                                      %Construction in Catchment

                                                                城镇化
  ( 低风险 ) 丰富度 = 3.7027 –                        ( 低风险 ) 个体 . = 4.4303 – 0.1382* 城
  0.0024EC.                                     镇 %.
  P < 0.0001. 调整 R2 = 0.1502.                    P < 0.0001. 调整 R2 = 0.3169.
选择的指标
太子河          与压力源有显著关系 * 的指标
             水质 : E C , NH3- N, TN, TP
山区           大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F )
             鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I
             水质 : E C , vo la tile p he no ls , NH3- N, TN, TP
丘陵区          大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F )
             鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I
             水质 : E C , B O D 5, C O D C r, NH3- N, TN, TP
洪泛平原         大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F )
             鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I

 *(p<0.05)
参照值和标杆分析

          Freq.
                                          All sites – all years ,所有点,所有年
          (# obs.) ,监测频率




Reference sites          Single site , Standard
– all years ,参考点,所有年     – report year ,单
                                                  to achieve values
                      th 点,报告年                                             95th %’ile
                    50 %’ile
       80th %’ile


               1                                                                0
                                    Concentration ,浓度
      (reference) ,参考点                                                 (worst case) ,最差

    C o n ve rt all valu e s to c o m m o n s c ale to allo w c o m p aris o n          转化所
    有结果使其成具有可比性

    C o m p are valu e s ag ain s t: 结果比较
    - o th e r s ite s in s tu d y; o th e r s tu d ie s 与其他点进行比较,与其他研
    究结果进行比较
    - n atio n al s tan d ard s ; in te rn atio n al s tan d ard s 国家标准,国际标准
Reporting on river health
O b je c tive s fra me wo rk ( fro m YRC C )
     目标框架(来自水利部黄河水利委员会
“ The 4 No s ” 四不准
     )
• N o e m b an km e n t b re ac h in g 水不漫堤
• N o rive r ru n n in g d ry 无河流干涸
• N o wate r p o llu tio n b e yo n d s tan d ard 无超出标准的水体污染
• N o rive r b e d ris in g fu rth e r 无河床上升
“He a lthy Ind ic a to rs o f the Ye llo w
  Rive r”                                                              Hydrology   水文学
•   F lo w c o n tin u ity 河流连续性
                                                                       Geomorphology   地貌学
•   C h an n e l c o n fig u ratio n fo r wate r an d s e d im e n t
    tran s p o rtatio n   水和沉积物流动通道的容                                  Water q ua lity   水质
    量                                                                  Ecology 生态
•   Wate r q u ality s tan d ard 河水质量标准                                 Social-economic

•   Rive r e c o s ys te m 河流生态系统                                       社会经济
•   Wate r s u p p ly c ap ac ity 河水供应容量
河流健康的报告卡
水文和河流健康
• 流量健康指数
  – 基于环境流量评估
• 流量偏离指数
  – 基于与自然流量情势的偏离情况
流量偏离指数
                                                Seasonality altered (SFS)            50th percentile in
                                                                                     ref erence period
                   Low f low season volume       High f low season volume            25th percentile in
                    greatly reduced (LFV)         greatly reduced (HFV)              ref erence period
                                                                                     Year 1999/2000
           800

           700    Highest monthly f low      Persistently
                   moderately reduced        high (PHF)
3  1 6)




           600    f rom ref erence (HMF)                               Persistently low (PLF)
    0




                                                                         and persistently
           500
                                                                          very low (PVL)
           400
                                                                                Lowest monthly f low
           300                                                                      greatly reduced
                                                                                f rom ref erence (LMF)
           200
  m
  M
  w
  h
  n
  o
  y
  (
  f
  t
  l




           100

             0
                 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun            Jul   Aug Sep Oct
输出结果的实例




•   每一年都有得分
•   子指标可以显示流量情势的哪些组成部分是不健康的
•   主要对人工调节 e g ula tio n ,但也对自然变化敏感
    – 生态指标
“ 流量健康” 软件工具
大纲
1 . 项目简介

2. 环境流量评估

3. 河流健康评估

4. 主要发现和建议
河流健康评估
1. 采取基于目标的方法来进行评估很重要
2. 需要对指标进行测试来确定是否适宜于当地情况:对照干扰
    和 / 或目标
3. 最大限度地使用现有数据
4. 首先,要建立一致的数据采集方法
   – 质量控制 / 质量保证很重要
5. 没有必要在所有的站点均使用同样的指标
6. 对河流类型进行分类,对于帮助确定适宜的参照状况很重要
环境流量

2. 采取基于目标的方法很重要
3. 采取全面的评估方法的价值:与相关概念的科学发展保持一致
4. 将方法与当地情况相适应
   – 认可健康河流的价值
5. 认识到环境流量是水资源分配过程的核心
   – 在进行水资源分配时,将相关信息纳入进来,再做出决策
   – 确定支持环境流量的分配措施和管理措施
如需了解更多信息,请访问:

         www.watercentre.org
•   技术报告
•   详细的案例研究
•   报告卡
•   培训材料
•   流量健康( F lo wHe a lth )软件工具
谢谢 !

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1 river health and eflows project summary of findings cn

  • 2. 大纲 1. 项目简介 2. 环境流量评估 3. 河流健康评估 4. 主要发现和建议
  • 3. 大纲 1. 项目简介 2. 环境流量评估 3. 河流健康评估 4. 主要发现和建议
  • 4. 基本情况 : •2009 年 9 月 – 201 2 年 3 月 •400 万澳元 •2 个主题 : • 河流健康 • 环境流量
  • 5. 现状回顾 技术路线 黄河流域 ( 黄河下游 ) 政策发展;国 能力发展 试点 际回顾 珠江 流域 ( 桂江 ) 区域 辽河流域 ( 太子河 ) 评估河流健康和环境 国家层面的建议 流量需求
  • 6. 大纲 1. 项目简介 2. 环境流量评估 3. 河流健康评估 4. 主要发现和建议
  • 7. Identify assets Set objectives for each asset Develop preferred e-flow rules Outcomes and risks understood Model e-flows and security of supply against targets Presentation Heading
  • 8. 黄河下游 : 重要生态资产 黄河三角洲湿地 郑州黄河湿地 开封黄河湿地 孟津黄河湿地
  • 12. 环境流量评估方法 • 基于资产的方法 • 全面的方法 • 方法具有适应不同状况的能力 – 数据的时间或成本约束 • 使信息被反馈到决策过程中;作为权衡的基础
  • 14. 大纲 1 . 项目简介 2. 环境流量评估 3. 河流健康评估 a. 珠江和辽河试点 b . 黄河试点 c . 水文 4. 主要发现和建议
  • 15. Imp o rta nt s te p s 项目发展的重要步骤 1 Id e ntify the o b je c of the o f the 确定项目目标 Identify the objectives tive s programp ro g ra m 确定项目目标 2 Id e n tify s u itab le m e as u re (in d ic ato of o f d rive stressors and response Identify suitable measures s(indicators)rs ) drivers, rs , s tre s s o rs an d 确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标 re s p o n s e 3 确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标 drivers to potential impacts Develop conceptual models linking range of 3 联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型 g e o f d rive rs to p o te n tial D e ve lo p c o n c e p tu al m o d e ls lin kin g ran 4 im p acClassification to identify homogenous ‘river types’ River ts 联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型 河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型 4 5 Rive r C las s ificprogram and refinement of indicatorsr typ e s ’ Trial sampling atio n to id e n tify h o m o g e n o u s ‘rive 采样试验,完善指 河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型 标 6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators 5 Trial s am p lin g p ro g ram an d re fin e m e n t o f in d ic ato rs 采样试验,完善 选取合适的生态指标的基准 指标 7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流 6 S e le c tio n o f s u itab le b e n c h m arks fo r e c o lo g ic al in d ic ato rs 8 选取合适的生态指标的基准 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats 7 Re p o rtin g & C o m m u n ic / 威胁的优先顺序 执行管理行动,明确地区atio n 报告和交流 8 Im p le m e n t m an ag e m e n t ac tio n s to ad d re s s p rio rity are as /th re ats 执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
  • 17.
  • 18. 对应于干扰梯度的评估 大 50 型 80 无 脊 椎 鱼 40 类 60 动 物 的 的 个 Fi_D M_S 30 丰 体 40 富 度 20 20 10 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 5 10 15 20 电导率 EC %Construction in Catchment 城镇化 ( 低风险 ) 丰富度 = 3.7027 – ( 低风险 ) 个体 . = 4.4303 – 0.1382* 城 0.0024EC. 镇 %. P < 0.0001. 调整 R2 = 0.1502. P < 0.0001. 调整 R2 = 0.3169.
  • 19. 选择的指标 太子河 与压力源有显著关系 * 的指标 水质 : E C , NH3- N, TN, TP 山区 大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F ) 鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I 水质 : E C , vo la tile p he no ls , NH3- N, TN, TP 丘陵区 大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F ) 鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I 水质 : E C , B O D 5, C O D C r, NH3- N, TN, TP 洪泛平原 大型无脊椎动物: S R , B MWP , E P T R( F ) 鱼类: F - IB I; A : A - IB I *(p<0.05)
  • 20. 参照值和标杆分析 Freq. All sites – all years ,所有点,所有年 (# obs.) ,监测频率 Reference sites Single site , Standard – all years ,参考点,所有年 – report year ,单 to achieve values th 点,报告年 95th %’ile 50 %’ile 80th %’ile 1 0 Concentration ,浓度 (reference) ,参考点 (worst case) ,最差 C o n ve rt all valu e s to c o m m o n s c ale to allo w c o m p aris o n 转化所 有结果使其成具有可比性 C o m p are valu e s ag ain s t: 结果比较 - o th e r s ite s in s tu d y; o th e r s tu d ie s 与其他点进行比较,与其他研 究结果进行比较 - n atio n al s tan d ard s ; in te rn atio n al s tan d ard s 国家标准,国际标准
  • 21.
  • 23. O b je c tive s fra me wo rk ( fro m YRC C ) 目标框架(来自水利部黄河水利委员会 “ The 4 No s ” 四不准 ) • N o e m b an km e n t b re ac h in g 水不漫堤 • N o rive r ru n n in g d ry 无河流干涸 • N o wate r p o llu tio n b e yo n d s tan d ard 无超出标准的水体污染 • N o rive r b e d ris in g fu rth e r 无河床上升 “He a lthy Ind ic a to rs o f the Ye llo w Rive r” Hydrology 水文学 • F lo w c o n tin u ity 河流连续性 Geomorphology 地貌学 • C h an n e l c o n fig u ratio n fo r wate r an d s e d im e n t tran s p o rtatio n 水和沉积物流动通道的容 Water q ua lity 水质 量 Ecology 生态 • Wate r q u ality s tan d ard 河水质量标准 Social-economic • Rive r e c o s ys te m 河流生态系统 社会经济 • Wate r s u p p ly c ap ac ity 河水供应容量
  • 24.
  • 26. 水文和河流健康 • 流量健康指数 – 基于环境流量评估 • 流量偏离指数 – 基于与自然流量情势的偏离情况
  • 27. 流量偏离指数 Seasonality altered (SFS) 50th percentile in ref erence period Low f low season volume High f low season volume 25th percentile in greatly reduced (LFV) greatly reduced (HFV) ref erence period Year 1999/2000 800 700 Highest monthly f low Persistently moderately reduced high (PHF) 3  1 6) 600 f rom ref erence (HMF) Persistently low (PLF) 0 and persistently 500 very low (PVL) 400 Lowest monthly f low 300 greatly reduced f rom ref erence (LMF) 200 m M w h n o y ( f t l 100 0 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
  • 28. 输出结果的实例 • 每一年都有得分 • 子指标可以显示流量情势的哪些组成部分是不健康的 • 主要对人工调节 e g ula tio n ,但也对自然变化敏感 – 生态指标
  • 30. 大纲 1 . 项目简介 2. 环境流量评估 3. 河流健康评估 4. 主要发现和建议
  • 31. 河流健康评估 1. 采取基于目标的方法来进行评估很重要 2. 需要对指标进行测试来确定是否适宜于当地情况:对照干扰 和 / 或目标 3. 最大限度地使用现有数据 4. 首先,要建立一致的数据采集方法 – 质量控制 / 质量保证很重要 5. 没有必要在所有的站点均使用同样的指标 6. 对河流类型进行分类,对于帮助确定适宜的参照状况很重要
  • 32. 环境流量 2. 采取基于目标的方法很重要 3. 采取全面的评估方法的价值:与相关概念的科学发展保持一致 4. 将方法与当地情况相适应 – 认可健康河流的价值 5. 认识到环境流量是水资源分配过程的核心 – 在进行水资源分配时,将相关信息纳入进来,再做出决策 – 确定支持环境流量的分配措施和管理措施
  • 33. 如需了解更多信息,请访问: www.watercentre.org • 技术报告 • 详细的案例研究 • 报告卡 • 培训材料 • 流量健康( F lo wHe a lth )软件工具

Editor's Notes

  1. Products are…..
  2. Equivalent recommendations for each of the pilot rivers
  3. Contrast with Tenant method
  4. GIWP Publications…
  5. Upper catchment in better condition; biotic indicators more sensitive than WQ indicators
  6. These results prepared for each of the 3 pilot studies
  7. Thanks yous; goodwill and great support; good luck…