Time Series Foundation Models - current state and future directions
110228 acedp water sensitive cities
1. The International WaterCentre
(IWC)
Water Leadership for the Future
IWC - creating tomorrow’s leaders in water management by changing
the way people think about, act and solve complex water
management challenges
2. Outline
• Water Sensitive Cities – current strategies
• Water Sensitive Cities – future strategies
• City of Brisbane – Healthy Waterways Case Study
3. Managing Water as a Wicked Problem?
Key Characteristics:
1. Difficult to clearly define problem
2. Many interdependencies &multi-causal
3. Attempts to address problem often
leads to unforseen consequences
4. Problem is not stable
5. There is no clear solution
6. Problem is socially complex
7. Rarely the responsibility of any one
organisation
8. Solution involves changing behaviour
9. Characterised by chronic policy failure
Australian Public Services
Commission (2007)
5. Evolving Urban Water Hydro-Social
Contract Cumulative Socio-Political Drivers
Water supply Public health Flood protection Social amenity,
access & protection environmental
security protection
Water Supply Sewered Drained Waterways Water Cycle Water Sensitive
City City City City City City
Point & diffuse
Separate source pollution
Supply sewerage Drainage, management
hydraulics schemes channelisation
Service Delivery Functions
Brown et al (2008).
6.
7. 21st Century – the century of cities
The world is undergoing the
largest wave of urban growth
in history. In 2008, for the
first time in history, more
than half of the world’s
population will be living in
towns and cities.
UNFPA, June 2007
20. WSUD: Wetland & biofiltration technologies
Hampton Park Wetland Lynbrook Estate Wetland All Nations Park Wetland NAB Building Forecourt
(Melbourne Water) (VicUrban) (City of Darebin) Wetland
Blacken Ridge Baltusrol Estate Victoria Park Cremorne Street
Bioretention Basin (BCC) (Australand) (Landcom) (City of Yarra)
Melbourne Docklands Baltusrol Estate Bourke Street Tree Building Bioretention
(Lend Lease) (Australand) Planters Planters (Portland,
22. What performance can we
expect?
Expected reductions in concentrations of ‘typical’
stormwater:
– Over 95% of Total Suspended Solids,
– Over 50% of Total Nitrogen (TN)
– Over 85% of Total Phosphorous (TP),
– Over 90% of heavy metals
– Over 80% of pathogen removal
25. Professional industry capacity building
Catchment Modelling School 2005
workshop session, Brisbane
Above top left: Catchment Modelling School 2005 workshop
session, Sydney
Above top right: Joel Rahman, presenting at Catchment
Modelling School 2005, Sydney
Above left: André Taylor instructing at Catchment Modelling
School 2005, Sydney
Toolkit Product Managers’ Above right: Break from session, Catchment Modelling School
2005, Brisbane
31. Evolving Urban Water Hydro-Social
Contract Cumulative Socio-Political Drivers
Public health Flood protection Social amenity, Limits on natural Intergenerational
Water supply
protection environmental resources equity, resilience to
access &
protection climate change
security
Water Supply Sewered Drained Waterways Water Cycle Water Sensitive
City City City City City City
Adaptive, multi-
Diverse, fit-for- functional
purpose sources & infrastructure &
Point & diffuse urban design
end-use efficiency,
Separate source pollution reinforcing water
waterway health
Supply sewerage Drainage, management sensitive values &
restoration
hydraulics schemes channelisation behaviours
Service Delivery Functions
Brown et al (2008), and Wong and Brown (2008)
32. Water Sensitive Cities: What is the
Potential ?
• Drivers
– Climate change and associated
uncertainties
– Growing population and urbanisation
– Price of water
– Changing community needs and expectations
• Opportunities
– Linking water with energy, ecological landscapes,
social capital
– Influencing micro-climate and mitigating the
urban heat island effects
– Drainage infrastructure augmentationtrategies
– Urban design integrates all elements
33. The Melbourne
Urban Heat Island
~4 deg.C
0100h March 23, 2006 ‘Cliff’
‘Cliff’
Coutts, Beringer and Tapper
Urban Policy and Research,
2008
34. January 2009 heat wave
bodies to State Morgue
Av deaths =16
Combined effects of climate change, increased health care costs, increased
urbanisation and aging population = $$$$
35. Surface Temperature Inhomogeneity Associated With
Urban Fabric
ENVI-met urban urban
micrometeorological
modelling suite (includes
human comfort)
A mid-summer mid-afternoon
simulation for low density
housing in Melbourne
(Nadine D’ Argent - Monash
Ph.D. student)
36. Causes of Urban Warmth
• The nature of surface materials (i.e.
thermal characteristics and colour
(albedo) of surfaces)
• Surface shapes and structures (the
complex nature of urban geometry)
• Alterations in urban air quality
• The presence of heat sources (cars,
industry, space heating, metabolic
heat, etc)
• Surface waterproofing and especially
removal of urban storm water
37.
38. Water Sensitive Cities
– key themes
• Building Flexibility & Adaptability in its water
sources
“Cities as Water Supply Catchments”
• Green Infrastructure
“Cities providing Ecosystem Services”
• Building social and institutional capital
“Sophisticated and Water Smart Cities”
39. Urban Water Solutions
Dams ? Desalination plants ?
We must employ ALL these solutions if our
cities are to become resilient to climate and
social pressures.
Recycle sewage ?
40. Cities as Water Supply
Catchments
• Diversity of water sources of water (ie. alternative sources including
stormwater, sewer mining, recycled wastewater, desalinated water)
• Diversity of infrastructure (ie. centralised and decentralised systems
promoting a fit-for-purpose framework for matching water usage to
water quality)
41. Dual Water Supply Reticulation - “A basis for inter-generational equity”
• Emerging role of decentralised water services (and private enterprise
participation)
Treated water
for toilet reuse Header Tank
Collection of
light
greywater
Supplementary
Mains water
Treatment
To sewer Overflow
to sewer
42. Queensland Water
Commission $9 Billion -
SEQ Water
Grid
• Desalination at Gold Coast
• Western Corridor Recycled Water
Scheme
• Southern Regional Water Pipeline
• New Traveston Dam
• Recommissioned dams
• Aquifer Production Bores in
Brisbane
43. Cities providing Ecosystem Services :
Ecological Landscapes…
Our knowledge of the traditional ‘values’ of open
spaces and landscape features needs to be
bolstered with an understanding of the ‘ecological
functioning’ of the urban landscapes that capture the
essences of sustainable water management, micro-
climate influences, facilitation of carbon sinks and
use for food production.
44. Ecological Functions
• water quality improvement
• management of stormwater as a resource
• flood mitigation
• buffering aquatic ecosystems from the effects of catchment
urbanisation and climate change
• influencing urban micro climates
46. Water
Microclimate Reuse
Greywater directly used to
Living walls help to irrigate and flush toilets.
regulate both internal and The cascading living wall
external microclimate provides treatment.
47. Sophisticated and Water Smart Cities
• Community receptive to a ecologically sustainable
lifestyle
• Industry skilled at sustainable urban water
management
• Government policies underpinning inter-agency
collaboration and public/private engagement
48. How can we transition to the
Water Sensitive City?
Water Supply Sewered Drained Waterway Water Cycle Water Sensitive
City City City City City City
Transitioning from the ‘Drained City’
to the ‘Waterway City’
49. Socio-Institutional Barriers
1. lack of a common vision
2. institutional fragmentation
3. undefined organisational responsibilities
4. limited political incentives and disincentives
5. poor organisational commitment
6. technological path dependency
7. poor community capacity to meaningfully participate, and
8. lack of experience with facilitating integrated management
processes
Brown and Farrelly (2009, in press)
50. (Brown & Clarke, 2007)
Key Transition Factors
Water Supply Sewered Drained Waterway Water Cycle Water Sensitive
City City City City City City
1. Socio-Political Capital
Community, Media and Political
6. Bridging Organisations
2. Champions
Facilitates Science – Policy
Vision
Facilitates Capacity Building
Multi-sectoral network
7. Binding Targets
3. Accountability
Measurable System Target
Coordination Processes
Science, Policy and Development
Water Cycle
Land-use Planning 8. Strategic Funding Points
Dedicated external funds
4. Reliable & Trusted Science
Academic Leadership 9. Demonstration Projects
Technology Development Experimentation,
Technology Development
5. Market Receptivity
Policy and Institutional learning
Business Case for Change
52. What is a WaterSmart City?
Where we have been We are here Where we want to be
Water Supply City Sewered City Drained City Waterways City Water Cycle City Water Smart City
A well designed city
Journey towards a Water Smart City
Sustainable Healthy River
water use & bay
Adapted from the ‘Urban Water Management Transitions
Framework’ diagram (Brown et al, 2008)
53. What is a WaterSmart City?
For Brisbane - A City that manages its
water to deliver livability. A City that:
• thinks City, plans neighbourhood
• has adaptive, diverse and flexible infrastructure
• is resilient
• reconnects people with water
• has multi-functional landscapes
• provides multiple and varied sources of water
• provides intergenerational equity
54. What is a WaterSmart City?
Three City-wide Outcomes: A well designed city
1. Well Designed City
2. Healthy River and Bay Sustainable Healthy River
water use & bay
3. Sustainable Water Use
Key Performance Indicators:
1.By 2026, 50% of stormwater from the City’s urban footprint will be treated
using WSUD devices
2.By 2031, the WQO’s of all of SEQ’s waterways will be met
55. Adaptive Management and
Effective Monitoring and Evaluation
3 Scales of monitoring and evaluation
1. Strategy direction (Healthy River and Bay)
measured through outcome KPI’s - e.g. By 2031,
WQO’s of all of SEQ waterways will be met.
2. Program effectiveness measured through
program and site/ investment effectiveness - e.g.
Flood immunity: reduce the number of flood
effected residents across the City.
3. Project effectiveness measured through site
investment effectiveness - e.g. waterway
rehabilitation: site riparian and aquatic habitat
increased, water quality improved.
56. Create Healthy Waterways Program
Waterway Health Enhancement:
Protect high value
Enhance those at greatest risk from irreversible
decline
Catchment-based
Adaptive management
57. Waterway Enhancement Program
– Improve waterway health
– Creek and catchment
– (Rehab) and (WSUD)
– $6 million annually
Creek Rehabilitation
Pollutant removal (WSUD)
58. ?
Where are
? resources allocated ?
most effectively?
60. Results
• 6 Sub-Catchment Types
– Type A – High Value in protected, forested sub-
catchments
– Type B - high value under high threat from land
use change
– Type C- high value, moderately disturbed, partly
protected
– Type D- moderate value under moderate – high
threat
– Type E- low value with moderate to high threat
– Type F- low value with low threat
63. Riparian Zone Ecosystem Services -
Status
Telegraph Road
N
Gateway
N
Bill Brown
N
Lemke Road
N
Dorville Road
Roghan Road Boondall Wetlands
N
N N
Rotary Park
N Pineapple Street
N Gertrude Street
Longbill Place
N
Nemira Street N
N Poplar Place
N
Church Road
Albany Creek Road N
N Aspley High
N
Zillmere Road LEGEND
Beckett Road N Waterways
N Assessment Sections
Pick ‘N’ Pay Subcatchment Boundaries
N
Old Northern Road
Bank Protection A Very High
Horn Road Habitat B High
N
N Corridor C Moderate
Aesthetics D Low
Trouts Road Shade
N
E Very Low
N Sub-surface Nitrogen Removal
Surface Water Filtering
Recreation
Hoffman Street Flood Abatement 1000 metres
N
Rogers Parade NA Waterway Piped or RZES Not Assessed
N
